Network chigoba - ndi wothandizira odalirika pomanga Intaneti

M'zaka zingapo zapitazi zikukangalika osauka umisiri maukonde. Popeza mapangidwe chuma Internet padziko lonse anali olumikizidwa kwa chiwerengero chake yaikulu ang'onoang'ono Intaneti m'dera ndi ogwiritsa payekha. Pa nkhani imeneyi, panali kukufunikira kufotokoza bwino lomwe akulankhula za mfundo maukonde. Yankho linapezeka.

TCP / IP chitsanzo ndi dongosolo zinayi mlingo. Aliyense wa milingo awa ndi udindo ntchito zake, koma limodzi la ntchito zofunika kwambiri akuwalankhula mu maukonde. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ntchito IP-adiresi ya Baibulo lachinai, limene liri nambala imene imakhala Akamva makumi awiri. Ilo limalongosola momveka bwino maukonde, omwe ndi khamu makamaka, komanso mwachindunji, keyala khamu. Mwachionekere, chiwerengero cha maadiresi izi yochepa.

bwino zida zina zofunika kwa adilesi yoyenera kudziwa kumene mu adiresi anasonyeza ndi maukonde, ndipo pamene khamu. ntchito amatenga maukonde chigoba, potero kwambiri zimatithandiza ntchito ambiri zipangizo zosiyanasiyana network onse kungokhala chete ndi akuchitachita.

Netmask imalongosola momveka bwino mmene Akamva zambiri adiresi ali maukonde, ndipo kodi - ku adiresi wa asilikali. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti kwambiri pa buku la maadiresi zotheka, poyerekeza ndi bwino makalasi luso kugawa subnets. Komanso zimathandiza kupewa mikangano iliyonse akuwuka mu nkhani ya kupeza adiresi chomwecho.

zopezera chigoba amalola kugawanitsa amagwirizana ndi anthu ambiri mu ang'onoang'ono, amene anagawa Zikatero, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono ndi zina zotero, mpaka kudutsa Akamva makumi atatu. Koma ndi za kuchuluka kwa maukonde amachepetsa chiwerengero cha makamu. Choncho, kutsatira njira imeneyi ayenera kuziganizira mofatsa ngati nambala kofunika maadiresi kuti hostnames.

Childs, chigoba anapereka chiwerengero inayi kapena makumi atatu. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a bayinare adiresi, amene ali ndi udindo adiresi maukonde. Mwachitsanzo, kwa adiresi 193.29.204.19, ngati ali zopezera chigoba 24, keyala maukonde ndi 193.29.204.0, ndi makamu maadiresi 193.29.204.1-254 (kuyambira adilesi ndi kuulutsa 193.29.204.255).

Pofuna kudziwa zonse izi, m'pofunika kuwerengera subnet chigoba potengera malamulo. Mu chitsanzo pamwamba, mnjira anali motere. Choncho, poyamba tiyenera kumasulira adiresi mu dongosolo bayinare wa mawerengedwe. Koma ziyenera kuchitika kotero kuti inu octets anayi. Akusowa manambala ayenera m'malo ndi maziro pamaso chiwerengero. Komanso, anapatsidwa maukonde chigoba, kapena m'malo nambala yake, kwalembedwa mwa mawonekedwe a mayunitsi contiguous mu ndalama lolingana ndi chiwerengero ichi. Ndi yabwino kuchita ichi mwa iyeyekha bwino kuthetsa chithunzi mu maonekedwe. Komanso cholemba pa adiresi mukapeza nthawi pamene chigoba ndi mapeto mayunitsi kuyamba ziro. Ndipo ife tifika kumanzere - subnet adiresi, kumanja - adiresi khamu. Timamasulira kubwerera wamba zambiri mawonekedwe decimal. Ndizo zonse.

ntchito ndi wolemera, koma kwambiri pamene kumanga Intaneti yaikulu mwaunyinji. zopezera chigoba akhoza kukhala wothandizira odalirika yomanga bwino masanjidwe ndipo analamula dongosolo.