Neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa paubwana: Zochita,, njira, mfundo, maganizo

Neuropsychological matenda ndi chilangizo cha ana zatenga malo kutsogolera mwa khalidwe la zokhudzana munda wa zabwinobwino komanso wakhalidwe losalongosoka chitukuko (ontogeny). ntchito zachokera mfundo dongosolo wochitachita wa kutanthauzira ntchito apamwamba ubongo. Today neuropsychological diagnostics ndi chilangizo ntchito ku dera latsopano othandiza.

Zolinga

diagnostics Neuropsychological ndi chilangizo ana umalimbana:

1. Kuona mlingo wa ntchito unformed apamwamba, chizindikiritso cha mwayi compensatory.
2. Mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha kuchepekedwa njira m'maganizo. Izi zimatheka ndi kudalira kulumikizana wolimba kusungidwa ndi kukhazikitsa zimachitika pakati pa ntchito.

Mfundo zofunikira

Mu akatswiri ndi mfundo zina chilango neuropsychological. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira izi sizimaoneka monga maphunziro. Iwo amati mapangidwe ntchito yaikulu ndi njira ofunika pofuna kukwaniritsa. Kudzudzulidwa akuyamba ndi kukhudzana ndi zinthu zakumbuyo. Choncho, pali zotsatira mozungulira pa ntchito mapangidwe deficiental. pulogalamu ayenera cholinga malinga ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha njira ubongo. Vekitala kupanga ntchito - kuchokera pansi pamwamba kumanzere, kuchokera mkati mpaka kunja. Malamulo a ndondomeko internalization - maziko a dongosolo yomwe imachitika pa malangizo Neuropsychological ana. Zochita ayenera pang'onopang'ono kukhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo kunja thandizo amalize ntchito - ndi kuchepa. Chifukwa, mwanayo limayenda pa ankapitabe olowa kudzimvera motsogozedwa, choyamba kufalitsidwa ndiyeno apangidwe malangizo. pulogalamu ayenera kupereka maphunziro mawonekedwe a masewera. M'pofunika pothetsa mavuto, kuwonjezera zolinga kumapangitsanso dzuwa la ntchito ubongo popanda choipa.

Features chitukuko pulogalamu

njira neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa amasankhidwa payekha kwa mwana aliyense. Chifukwa chaichi, izo anachita kusanthula mwadongosolo deta. Ku mbali structural ntchito apamwamba kudzadalira malangizo a ntchito chiphunzitso pa matenda kakulidwe. Neuropsychological matenda ndi chilangizo cha ubwana anachita pa maziko a zoimira atatu zinchito midadada ubongo (malinga ndi mfundo A. R. Lurii). chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mogwirizana hemispheric. M'pofunika kuchita bwino njira zonse za maganizo.

Development wa dera chidziwitso

mapangidwe ake akuyamba m'masiku oyambirira a moyo. Woyamba munthu wamng'ono zili m'gulu la banja (kunyumba) moyo. Apa iye alandira ndalama yaikulu zomverera: waona anthu owazungulira, izo akudyetsedwa, amamva kukhudza osiyana kwa thupi, amamva mawu, mapokoso, etc. Iwo amadziwika kuti pa mibadwo yosiyana ya ana chitukuko maganizo m'goli .. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe ntchito galimoto kwambiri intensively mu zaka 1.5-2. mwana A ku m'badwo uwu kuphunzira kupirira zinthu, ndi matupi awo. Patatha zaka 1.5, adamulowetsa chitukuko kulankhula. The mwana ukuyamba mawu chitukuko akuti kulankhula zikachitika, nthawi ya mafunso ndi chilengedwe mawu. Aliyense ntchito limafanana ndi zaka tcheru pa zomwe akufotokozera kwambiri intensively. Pambuyo mapangidwe ake, iwo amayamba zinthu monga maziko chitukuko cha zotsatirazi pa zovuta njira maganizo.

Origin oziziritsa chipika

Iye ankaona mphamvu. Unit choyamba uzitulutsa nyimbo yomveka ya ubongo, kumathandiza kukhala ndi boma mulingo woyenera wa maso. ntchito bwinobwino wa chamoyo zimatheka ngati ntchito yake khola. Zikuchitika matenda mu ntchito za njerwa ya ubongo salola mwana kuchita ntchito, kuchita ntchito iliyonse, kusewera.

utachepa ntchito

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu matenda a ntchito ubongo mphamvu unit. Zikatero, mwanayo chabe, zilibe chidwi ozungulira. Wake chidziwitso ndi ntchito galimoto ndi kochepa. kufunika molimba vuto amenewa Neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa ana. Chitani ayenera kupita ku kukondoweza kwa ntchito locomotor ndi, maganizo ndi kukhudza (chogwirika, Makutu, zithunzi) m'deralo. Games anapereka mwana ayenera kukhala ndi kayendedwe rhythmic. Mu nkhani iyi, ndithu zolimba m'maganizo. Pakuti kukondoweza amagwiritsidwa ntchito aromatherapy, kutikita mankhwala madzi. Ndi kuwonjezera zochita za mwanayo adzapelekedwa osati mmene munthu, ndi kachitidwe kawo kunadetsa zovuta. Zinthu zazikulu zimene underpin zolimbikitsa Neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa paubwana - Zochita kuti amafuna mwana kusunga kayimbidwe kotani ena. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuyenda ndi limodzi nyimbo pa kutentha anapatsidwa, pogogoda kanyimbo m'njira ng'oma ndi zina zotero. Pamene mwana anaphunzira kusunga mungoli, iye anapatsidwa ntchito pa kosangalatsa awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye akuyesera kukatenga kusintha ndi zinthu mwanzeru. Pepala kugwiritsa ntchito maluso monga mwatsatanetsatane neuropsychological kukonzedwa (AV Semenovich pulogalamu). Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka zinthu umalimbana mapangidwe kupuma zolondola. Kuti akatidzadza zabwino mphamvu maziko mukopedwe luso mankhwala mwanayo.

Information oziziritsa chipika

Ndiyenso amabweretsa kulandira processing ndi kusunga. Activities chowunikira nyumba ya thupi zimathandiza munthu kumva, kuona, kumbukirani ndi kubereka zambiri ndipo yerekezani ndi deta alipo. Kupondelezedwa kwa wagawo uyu amaoneka mu zithunzi zoipa chizindikiritso kapena zinthu zenizeni. Zikavuta, mwana akhoza ngakhale kuzindikira bwino kuti zidole kapena zinthu za m'nyumba. Ngati kuyan'anila ikukhudzana aural maganizo, ndi bwino zochokera mu mlengalenga, simungathe kudziwa gwero la phokoso kuti zigwirizane ndi nkhaniyo, umene limafalitsa. Pamene monyanyira chogwirika mu mwana anapanga ndi maganizo olakwika pa thupi, kubweza chitukuko cha luso labwino ndi aakulu galimoto. Iwo ananenanso kulephera kwa mugwirizano kayendedwe.

zithunzi kuwonongeka

Monga Zikatero anachita kudzudzulidwa Neuropsychological ana? Zochita ayenera kuganizira kuzindikira:

1. zinthu zenizeni. Ngati mwana ali ndi vuto ankawaona.
2. Zosatheka zithunzi. Mwanayo amaphunzira kudziwa makalata pakati chifanizo ndi chinthu.
3. Phokoso zithunzi. Pamene mwana waphunzira kukhazikitsa ubale zinthu ndi mafanizo awo, vutoli kobvuta. Iye anapereka chojambula, autilaini, zithunzi utoto kapena phokoso.
4. Image yomanga. Pankhaniyi mwana kuphunzira kuzindikira chithunzi cha mpukutu wa zace.

Matenda a maganizo Makutu

Pankhaniyi, neuropsychological kuwukonza ana ndi retardation maganizo zikuphatikizapo ntchito kusiyana:

1. phokoso popanda mawu n'komwe za chilengedwe. Mphunzitsi njira ya masewera anayamba mwana phokoso madzi, creaking zitseko, anagundidwa ndi zinthu kugwa, ndi zina zotero. Zonse izi zikumveka mwana angalenge anu ndi kukhazikitsa, kotero kugwirizana zochita ndi phokoso. Pambuyo osiyanasiyana ayenera kumatheka kumva maganizo. kuchotsera mwana zoimbira kapena zidole ndi zina zotero.
2. Kulankhula zosiyana phokoso. Child, kuphunzira kusiyanitsa ndi phokoso osiyana angakhale ndi chidwi ndi kulankhula. Iye akadali angathe kumvetsetsa mawu ndi mawu, koma kale tithe kusiyanitsa phokoso yosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kalankhulidwe wamkulu - mavawelo ndi zilembo. mwana akhoza ndikuganiza, kuyandikira izo njoka (phokoso "shi-shi-shi") kapena ndege ( "Oo-Oo-Oo"). Pambuyo ntchito imeneyi ndi yovuta. Mwanayo amaphunzira kusiyanitsa pafupi phokoso mzake. Kenako mu kalasi analowa masewera, kumene iye akuyamba kulankhula syllables chosavuta ( "ay", "zina kuti adzipeza zina kuti adzipeza", etc.). kovuta kwambiri ndi ntchito imene mwana amaphunzira kumvetsa mawu amene amasiyana mawu amodzi. Mwachitsanzo, iye anafunsa kupereka "mbale" ndi "Tengelelani" ndi zina zotero.

kumvetsa kulankhula

Neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa ana ikuchitika ku yosavuta zovuta. Choyamba, mwana amaphunzitsidwa kudziwa mawu osavuta payekha. Pa pempho la munthu wamkulu, iye amapatsa ena chithunzi kapena chinthu. Mwana ndiye amaphunzira kudziwa ndiponso kutsatira malangizo (komanso - kuchokera ku zocholoŵana, thuu kapena atatu gawo). Mu ndondomekoyi, muyenera monga kokoka nkhani ankasewera. Pankhaniyi, mwana sachita ntchito iliyonse, ndi kukachita chinthu.

matenda chogwirika

Taonani, mu nkhani iyi, ya kuwukonza neuropsychological. Zochita, mu malo oyamba, payenera kukhala ntchito kuti chitukuko kwenikweni, imene mwana udzapeza kumverera wosiyana thupi lake. Chifukwa ndi maganizo kwathunthu kwa izo. Mwanayo ayenera bwinobwino pamene gawo lililonse la thupi, chimene izo zimachita, chimene chichokera mphamvu ndikukhudzana.

chitukuko yokumbukira

Neuropsychological kuwukonza mavuto kuphunzira ana umalimbana ndi kusamalira mwanayo pa nkhani inayake. Kuzipenya zikusonyeza kuti pamene chintchito kukumbukira zinthu akamagwira ntchito njira imodzi maganizo, pali kuthekera kubereka deta analandira mwa njira zina. Kunena mwachidule, mwana amene amakumbukira nkhani zoipa pa kumva, mosavuta jambulani pamtima 5-6 zithunzi. Koma nthawi zambiri ana sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito luso. kudzudzulidwa Neuropsychological imagwiridwa kutenga nkhani dongosolo la chitukuko cha chikumbumtima. Poyamba, chimaoneka pa anthu ndi zochitika amene ali ndi tanthauzo maganizo mwanayo. Choncho, Choyamba anthu anatchula amake ndiye amene mungasimbe ena zinachitikira (ndi munthu amakonda kusewera, wina ndi mantha). Game magawo ayenera kulimbikitsa mfundo kukumbukira - losavuta choyamba, ndiye zovuta. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndakatulo, lilime twisters, nyimbo ndi zina zotero.

tcheru mkhutu

Izo kumaonekera muzochitika zones za ntchito. Mwana sangathe kuganizira ngakhale pa masewera chidwi, iye amatengeka ndi phokoso iliyonse (mphepo kunja pa zenera, chinthu wagwa, ndi zina zotero.). kudzudzulidwa Neuropsychological ndi anagwiritsanso pa masewera. Choyamba, katswiri ukuchita mwana amasankha zinthu ndi zidole osangalatsa kwa iye. Iwo akhoza kukopa tcheru mwana. Kenako, mwanayo amaphunzira kuganizira ena chidwi masewera mwachidule. Vuto pano ndi kusunga chidwi kwa mphindi zingapo. mphunzitsi limagwiritsa ntchito chingatilimbikitse ntchitoyi. Komanso ana neuropsychological kudzudzulidwa zikuphatikizapo makalasi pa yogawa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, mwana sakupereka imodzi, ndi zidole ochepa. Waphunzira kucheza nawo nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa, masewera amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri. Kenako, ntchito akhoza kumva: osati kuika zidole ochepa pamaso pake, koma madera osiyana, kuwonjezeka motero Masewero danga.

Neuropsychological pomuphunzitsa: Ndemanga

Mwana kuyenda mu chilengedwe, kuona zinthu zatsopano, kucheza ndi anthu ena, ayenera kudziwa kusiyana ndi kufanana pakati pa zochitika ndi zinthu, kuti athe m'kagulu, kuwutsata kugwirizanitsa zochitika. Chitukuko cha zithunzi-galimoto maganizo - loyambirira amene avala kudzudzulidwa neuropsychological. Reviews akatswiri ndi makolo amati pa maphunziro othandiza chimachitika mwana:

1. Kuzindikira magwiridwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
2. Mapangidwe malingaliro za kusiyana ndi kufanana kwa zinthu ndi makulidwe awo.
3. Kumvetsa ubale chifukwa ndi zotsatira pakati pa zochitika.

Pamene kuchita ntchito pa chitukuko cha luso okhudza malo Amagwiritsa kuzipenya zikusonyeza kuti mwana aumbike luntha la fano, mutu ndi mawu, iye anasonyeza. Pa mlingo chipangizo kwambiri, izo amakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa fanizo ndi chochitika. Ana amene alibe ntchito polumikizana, kudziwa kulankhula zilakolako mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana akufuna kumwa, amasonyeza fano wamkulu wa chikho, ngati kuyenda - Fashion fanizo ndi zina zotero. Zimene kukonza moyo ndi kulankhulana ntchito pamene zimavuta ndi ana autistic. Komanso, mwana amayamba kumvetsa tanthauzo la chochitika zithunzi ndi mndandanda.

Chachitatu oziziritsa chipika

Iye ndi amene mapulogalamu, malamulo ndi kulamulira zinthu zovuta. Ndiyamika wagawo izi amaperekedwa ndi gulu la yogwira amazindikira khalidwe maganizo, zikuchokera pulogalamu ndi kanthu dongosolo, komanso polojekiti ntchito yawo. Pamene ntchito ndi ana, imene ntchitozo zisakuyenda, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ntchito ayenera kuchitidwa kokha mu mawonekedwe a masewera. The mwana sudzakhala nthawi yaitali kukhala pa gome, kumvera ndi kuchita ntchito zimene sanafune kuchita.

mogwirizana hemispheric

Ndi chofunika ntchito maganizo. Ngati kulankhulana sichitha, pakhoza kukhala zovuta kapena amakhala kugwirizana sakudziwika kuyenda (mogwirizana kwa mapazi ndi manja, kuyenda, etc.). Pa mlingo lotsatira si anapanga pakati pa kulankhulana sanali wapakamwa ndi ntchito wapakamwa zovuta ndondomeko kusanthulidwe ka deta ukubwera. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kukhala wamba galimoto kugwirizana. Chifukwa chaichi, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana olimbitsa panja masewera. Pa maziko awo amanga ntchito zina pa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mbali zosiyana za thupi. Limodzi ndi magulu mwana ntchito zipangizo zofewa. Iye sculpts mafano yosavuta dongo kapena plasticine uukande, ndi manja awiri.

olimbitsa chala

The kudalira la mapangidwe kulankhula mwana pa mlingo wa okwana motility anatsimikizira experimentally. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti ngati osiyanasiyana zoyenda wa zaka yoyenera, luso la ana kuti ayankhe mokweza kudzakhala mu osiyanasiyana yachibadwa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa ambiri ndi chala-mtundu galimoto kumawonjezera Mwachangu wa kotekisi ubongo. Mphunzitsi angathe kugwiritsa ntchito kokoka, kenakonso mawu a ana m'gulu pulogalamu chachikulu cha magawo lolankhula monga fizkultminutok.

zosangalatsa

Zochita zosangalatsa akutsatiridwa pamisinkhu onse chilango. ntchito yawo akhoza limodzi ndi nyimbo. Ana zoperekedwa malo ake (pa tebulo) Ikani manja anu pa mutu ndi kutseka maso anu. Iwo akhoza kupita machila pa nsana wanu, kutambasula manja anu pa mbali yanu, kanjedza pansi. Pankhaniyi, iwo amalimbikitsidwa kugonjera nkhani iliyonse ndi chotenga mbali. Mwachitsanzo, iwo zouluka pamtambo, kumverera mphepo zotentha pa masaya awo. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kutha ndi mawu akuti: ". Chabwino, mphepo yozizira, ndipo ife akhafuna bwerera ku dziko lapansi"

Yogwiritsa ntchito logoritmike

Kapangidwe yeniyeni anapanga pa ntchito yake yeniyeni. Pamafunikanso:

1. Movement popanda limodzi nyimbo, zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyenda.
2. Dance.
3. Chala olimbitsa poganiza kugwilizana ndi intonation makamaka.
4. Kupuma kokoka, zomwe zikutsindika za mphamvu ya mpweya, ndi zinthu zosangalatsa.
5. nyimbo limodzi ndi manja.
6. olimbitsa Articulating kuphatikizapo zolimbitsa zinthu wotsanzira.
7. Khalani quatrains ntchito kayendedwe.
8. Lolankhula Zochita.

Features wa

Zochita zonse zimagwiridwa ndi onyenga. Mu ndondomeko ya kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi ayenera kusankha malo kotero kuti nkhope yake ankatha kuona mwana aliyense athe kubwereza articulation ndi kayendedwe nkhope. Ndi zofunika kuti onse anakhala mu bwalo kapena semicircle. Pankhaniyi, ana ndibwino kukaonana ndi mphunzitsi, mu kulunzanitsa naye kutchula ndi kubwereza zakuthupi.

Phindu la maphunziro

Malinga ndi zaka zambiri choonera ana kukhala sukulu zaka mawu ambiri underdevelopment, timagwira ntchito kwambiri, ali ndi chikhulupiriro masewera olowa. Iwo angaphunzire msanga malamulo, amene ndiye kunditumiza ku ntchito wodziimira. Kusewera Zochita kuteteza kutopa ana kuti akhale ngati njira yomasuka maganizo ndi kulola kukwaniritsa malangizo pazipita ndi kuphunzira zotsatira. Makalasi kwa sanayambebe kupita kusukulu, kotero kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Pomaliza

Pulogalamu pamwamba amati konsekonse. Inamangidwa pa maziko a kupewa neuropsychological ndi kuwukonza osiyanasiyana chachikulu matenda, kwa osakaniza mwachilungamo lolemera la lokhudza kulankhula maganizo retardation zikuoneka kuti zolephera akutali njira payekha. Zinthu zimene zili mkati mwa pulogalamuyi, akhala bwino ntchito pa ntchito ndi ana m'mavuto ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu ophunzitsa.

Asanayambe kukonza makalasi kakulidwe zofunikira kukhazikitsa mlingo woyambilira wa chitukuko cha ubongo ntchito ana. Choncho, ayenera kusankha mfundo imene mukufuna ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu kukhalapo kwa matenda coarse kulankhula m'pofunika kuti tiyambe ndi nyimbo ndi ntchito chipangizo kumapangitsanso ntchito za mwanayo. Pamene asonyeza kuyan'anila, pamene chitukuko ndi wochedwa, ntchito akhoza kutenga zaka zingapo. Nthawi imeneyi, popanda kuima maphunziro pa mapangidwe ntchito zazikulu muyenera khutu ku ntchito maluso anagula mu moyo.

Ngati kuphwanya si yaukali kwambiri, siteji ayenera kuzindikiridwa, omwe anapereka mwana paokha. Ntchito limayamba ndi wotsiriza wa iwo. mukhoza iyende bwino abwino mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko pulogalamu.