Nikolaus Harnoncourt - wochititsa, cellist, katswiri wa nzeru ndi musicologist. Wambiri, zimaonetsa mfundo zothandiza ndi chidwi

Mu masiku oyambirira a kasupe 2016, iye zapita wamkulu Austria cellist, musicologist ndi wochititsa Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Kugwilizana ndi oimba kwambiri ku Ulaya, adapeza kuti nthawi popularize Akuchita ovomerezeka ndi kuphunzitsa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory. Mautumiki ake Harnoncourt anatenga mu 2010 ku malo chachisanu mu mlingo wa ochititsa kwambiri nthawi zonse, analemba ndi magazini BBC Music Magazine. Komanso, dzina la woimba kosatha analowa Hall Omveka wa British chakale nyimbo magazini galamafoni.

Banja la wochititsa tsogolo

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - wochititsa, dzina lake anakhala nthano pa moyo wake. Iye anaonekera kwa kuwala Berlin mu 1929 m'banja a m'banja lapamwamba lolemera. Chibadwire, ndi woimba ankavala mutu wa Chiwerengero, dzina lake zonse anali Johann Nikolaus de A La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. mayi ake wotchuka Ladislaya Von Meran, anali mdzukulu wa Archduke Johann la Austria, amene anabadwa mu Mfumu Leopold II anakwatiwa ndi Marii Luizy la Spain.

Atate Nikolaus otchedwa Eberhard de A La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Anavala mutu wa Chiwerengero ndipo anali mbadwa ya wakale Luxembourg Lorraine mtundu. Makolo a agogo makolo ake Julia Mittrovskoy ankakhala ku Czech Republic. Kuyambira ndili mwana, Eberhard ankafuna kukhala woimba, koma chifuniro cha tsoka anakakamizika kuti koleji. Nditamaliza maphunziro, anasamukira ku Vienna ku Berlin ndipo ndinapeza ntchito monga injiniya aboma. Apa anakwatira wotchuka Von Meran, amene pambuyo anam'berekera ana asanu. Kupatula izi, pa Eberhard anali ana awiri ku ukwati wake woyamba.

Kumulakalaka kusewera cello

Pamene mu 1933 mphamvu Germany, Hitler anadza, ndi Harnoncourt banja pa mphamvu zonse anasamukira ku Graz, kumene kunali banja malo Ladislav. Atangochoka ku Anschluss la Austria, mu 1939, katundu wawo anali nationalized, ndi maudindo onse amene akhala olemekezeka anasankha. Ngakhale mavuto, ana awo ndi Eberhard Ladislaya kukula mu chikondi ndi chisamaliro. Onse a iwo anali kuphunzitsidwa kuimba zida zoimbira nyimbo, koma anadzakhala woimba yekha Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Cello Wochititsa anakonda kuyambira ubwana ndipo sanafune polekanitsa ndi izo m'mikhalidwe iliyonse. Mmodzi mwa abale ake, Filipo, anasankha chipembedzo nyimbo nakhala wazamulungu Katolika, ndipo chachiwiri, France, wakhala ntchito wolemekezeka monga loya.

Kukonzekera kwa maphunziro, ntchito Philharmonic

Nkhondo itatha, Nikolaus analowa Vienna Conservatory, kumene maphunziro ake mu 1952. Mu masiku ake wophunzira wochititsa tsogolo udachita kusewera cello mu gulu la oimba a ku Vienna State Opera. Titamaliza pasukulu woimba 23 wazaka taonera mutu wa Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert Von Karajan ndipo anapempha ine ntchito. Iwo angatchedwe wopambana, chifukwa kukhala cellist mu Vienna Philharmonic kunali kovuta. Arnonkur Nikolaus ananena kuti malo ake m'gulu zinapha anthu 40, koma Karajan ankakonda khalidwe lake, ndipo iye analandira kuchokera mpikisano.

Ntchito ya Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra anabweretsa Harnoncourt zasungidwa olimba, ulendo zisudzo kuzungulira dziko, kutenga mbali mokhazikika yapamwamba Salzburg Chikondwerero, ulemu. Komabe, kuitana imeneyi moyo wa Nikolaus sangakhale m'mbali kwathunthu. Karajan, amene anapempha a cellist luso kwa oketsra wake, posakhalitsa ankaona kuti odana ndi kuyamba kuchita poyerekezera iye malamulo a chizunzo mwadongosolo. Iwo inatha yekha mu 1969, pamene 40 wazaka Harnoncourt kutsanzika oketsra ndipo anayamba kukhazikitsa ntchito kondakitala.

Ukwati, kukhala ndi ana

Mu 1953, ku Austria wochititsa Nikolaus Harnoncourt, amene ntchito m'buku ili, anakwatira woyimba zeze Alice Hoffelner, amene anaphunzira naye ku inali ndi. Mu 1954 banjalo mwana wamkazi, Elizabeth, amene anadzakhala wotchuka kuimba. Akakwatira, anatenga dzina mwamuna wake Von Magnus. Mwana wake anabadwa Ana Harnoncourt 3. Young banja kukakhala nyumba yaikulu inali ku Austria Alps.

Kupanga gulu loyimba anu

Ndi zaka 25 pa Nikolausa Arnonkura inali ntchito yapamwamba, munthu wodzipereka, nyumba yabwino. Zingatanthauze kuti mukhoza kukhala omasuka ndi moyo. Komabe, cellist sanali kupita pomwepo. Mu 1953 iye afika viola de A Gumbo - lakale chingwe chida Baroque, amatikumbutsa cello a. Atadziwa kuyiimba iyo, Nikolaus zimapangitsa ena zida zambiri wakale, kenako, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi abwenzi angapo anayambitsa gulu loyimba Concentus Musicus Wien. Yopangidwa ndi gulu makamaka ntchito lodalirika ntchito chakale zaka XVI-XVIII. Zinali gulu loyimba oyamba padziko lonse lapansi, amene repertoire wopangidwa ndi cholowa nyimbo za nthawi Baroque. rehearsals kwa zaka 20 zinachitika pa chipinda chochezera kunyumba Harnoncourt. Pofuna molondola kwambiri kubereka phokoso la nyimbo yakale, ziwalo gulu anafunika kuwononga nthawi akuyendayenda kuchuluka yaikulu zambiri.

kutchuka Parish

Nikolaus Harnoncourt sanali wodalira bwino ntchito yanu, kotero ophatikizana rehearsal ndi ntchito ya Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Komabe, anadabwa kumva zinthu Concentus Musicus Wien anakhala otchuka pakati okonda zojambulajambula, oimba anayamba nthawi ya ziwonetsero yogwira ndi maulendo. Kukhala pa funde la opambana, gulu chidzatha ndi wotchuka German kampani Telefunken opindulitsa mgwirizano ndipo patatha zaka 15, mazana a mbiri ntchito nyimbo za nthawi Baroque. Apa ndi Suites Purcell ndi Bach sonatas, masewero a ndi Rameau akale ndi Monteverdi.

Yambani ntchito wochititsa a

Ntchito gulu loyimba anayamba mu Harnoncourt yaitali, moti sangakwanitse kuphatikiza ndi zisudzo m'gulu la. Mafuta moto anatsanulira pankhondo yosalekeza ndi Karajan. Popeza malemu '60s woimba kawirikawiri amachita ndi gulu loyimba wake monga kondakitala ndipo sanaone mfundo kukhala cello wamba. Atachoka timu Karajan amayamba kuchita osati ndi Concentus Musicus Wien. Mu 1970, Harnoncourt kwakukuru potsogolera oimba pa opera "Kubweranso kwa Ulysses kwawo" pa lodziwika bwino Teatro alla Scala. Zotsatirazi sewero, luso okonda, zinadziwika kuti m'chizimezime nyimbo anayatsa nyenyezi yatsopano ndi dzina lakuti - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Creative ntchito Harnoncourt mu akula

Kondakitala kwa zaka ziwiri anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi harpsichordist Dutch Gustav Leonhardt. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano uno, oyimba anatha kulemba mkombero wathunthu wa cantatas Bach, womwenso ntchito zoposa 200. Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche wochititsa Austria Arnonkur Nikolaus anatsogolera oimba mu nyumba yabwino sewero dziko. Mu 4 zaka (1987 ndi 1991) anatha kulemba zonse ntchito ndi Beethoven, Schubert ndi Mozart, kuika pa Vienna Theatre masewero a angapo. The woimba chatheka ndi philharmonic oimba wa Berlin, Vienna ndi Amsterdam, anachita pamodzi ndi woimba akazolowera ngati aluso ngati Lang Lang ndi Friedrich Gulda. Mu zaka wotsatira, ndi repertoire chikuwonjezeka Harnoncourt. Pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, iye anatha kuika pafupifupi ntchito zonse zimene chidwi wake. kondakitala The wachita ndi m'nyimbo ndi Haydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms ndi upamwamba ena. Kuwonjezera kuchititsa, anapeza nthaŵi yophunzitsa pa Mozarteum Conservatory, aulemu dokotala amene anali kuyambira mu 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: Albums, mabuku ndi mphoto

Dziŵani ntchito Harnoncourt masiku ano angakhale chifukwa Album wake. Chiwerengero chawo zovuta kupereka mu mzere. Zambiri Album adzamasulidwa pamodzi ndi gulu loyimba Concentus Musicus Wien, mtsogoleri yamphamvu imene inali nthawi yaitali wochititsa.

Harnoncourt olemba a nkhani zambiri musicological lofalitsidwa ambiri yapamwamba nyimbo mabuku. Werengani nkhani ya kondakitala wotchuka akhoza kukhala mu buku lotchedwa "m'nthawi wanga wa Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," yofalitsidwa mu Russian mu 2005.

Pakuti zinthu zazikulu pa luso Nikolaus Harnoncourt mobwerezabwereza kupereka mphatso yapamwamba. Mu 1997, chifukwa Kukwezeleza chakale nyimbo wochititsa Robert Schumann Prize anali kupereka. Mu ntchito wotsatira Harnoncourt taonera ndi mphoto "Grammy" ndi "Kyoto", komanso Leipzig Bach Mendulo.

Care ndi luso ndi imfa

Harnoncourt anaphunzira kuchititsa kwa zaka kucha akale. Mu zaka 85, iye anapitiriza kugwira ntchito zonse za mphamvu ndi kudzoza. Kwambiri thanzi zinamupatsa kupirira kwambiri konsati ndandanda ndi chidwi pa gawo la atolankhani ndi anthu okonda zojambulajambula. Harnoncourt sanali kulinga kupuma, iye anali ndi zolinga zambiri m'tsogolo. Koma zaka anatenga wake, ndi December 15, 2015 Wochititsa ananena mawu boma kutsiriza ntchito yake. Chifukwa ndi zochita zosayembekezeka ambiri anali kuwonongeka thanzi lake chifukwa cha matenda aakulu.

Harnoncourt anafa March 5, 2016 m'tauni Austria wa St. Georgen im Attergau. Mu mphindi wake womaliza naye mkazi wake, ana ndi adzukulu. Great wochititsa ndi woimba, wakhala zaka 86. kutchuka Harnoncourt unali wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kuti imfa yake ananenedwa ndi onse njira aakulu akanema, wailesi ndi nyuzipepala ya dziko. Mtima wa wochititsa kwambiri anasiya kumenyedwa, koma nyimbo wake udzakhala kosatha mu CD ndi zomwenso m'mibadwo kuti asangalale ndi kukongola nyimbo zachikhalidwe mu ntchito lodalirika.