Bandera - amene muli? Bandera panthawi ya nkhondo. mbendera bandera

Mu kuwala kwa zikuchitika Ukraine zambiri chidwi Bandera. ndi amene anthu awa, kodi izo zimayenda bwanji? M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa awa ndi ena mafunso ogwirizana kwambiri. Pakali pano, pali zambiri chodabwitsa nkhani za m'mbuyomu gulu limeneli, anthu ena zifukwa, ena amaletsa kapena kudana.

mudziwe mbiri ya maonekedwe a Bandera

Choncho, Bandera - ndani? A zambiri matanthauzo zoipa gulu limeneli. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse zinali anthu amene anathandiza malingaliro Stepana Bandery, mtsogoleri wa dziko Chiyukireniya. Ndiyeno anapanga kwambiri umbanda omwe sanali Ukrainians, kulungamitsa ndi chikhumbo cha ufulu ndi ufulu wa dziko lawo.

Pakali pano, pali umboni wa otsatira milandu ya Bandera, zomwe zinachitika mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Iwo anapha awo amene sanali a mtundu Ukraine, amene anali ndi abale anthu a m'mayiko ena. Ena kupha odzipereka Bandera (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), mwinamwake mmene sangathe adzatchedwa nkhanza. Zonse zinayamba ndi lingaliro la kumasulidwa kwa Western Ukraine ku mphamvu ya ankhondo Polish.

Stepan Bandera. mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Padafika mtsogoleri wa gululi anati. Stepan Bandera mu 1909 m'banja la Greek-Catholic wansembe. Kuwonjezera banja lake anali ndi ana asanu. Mwachionekere, lingaliro la dziko Stepan utaloweza ndi ziphunzitso za bambo ake, omwe anali kuyesera kuti akapereke nzeru zake ana. Izi zachititsa kuti First World nkhondo, umene unachitika pamaso pa ana kwambiri n'zaka.

Bandera ankakhala m'nyumba ya bambo ake mpaka 1919, kenako anasamukira m'tauni ya Stryi ndi sukulu. , Iye anaphunzira kwa zaka eyiti. Zinali ku sekondale ndipo anayamba ntchito zake mtundu umene kenako zinachititsa kuti zimene zinali Ukraine Bandera. Iye anakhala mtsogoleri achinyamata mu Western Ukraine, kuteteza ufulu wodzilamulira mwa njira iliyonse, osati kunyalanyaza ngakhale chakuti tsopano, mu dziko ano, amatchedwa uchigawenga.

zandale Stepana Bandery

Nditamaliza maphunziro a ku sekondale, Stepan, kupatula ngathi anthu, maphunzilo ankagwira ntchito zopatsidwa kwa iye ndi gulu Chiyukireniya asilikali. Bandera anali pamenepo kuyambira maphunziro akuluakulu a sukulu ya galamala. An membala nduna ya bungwe ili, iye anakhala mu 1927. Ntchitoyi inayamba mu dipatimenti nzeru, ndipo pambuyo mabodza a. Kumbuyo kwake kunali mnyamata amene amatsatira maganizo ake kwakukulu mtundu.

Pa ntchito za bungwe, adakwaniritsa mwaife pamwamba kwambiri ndi kutchuka, makamaka mu mzinda wa Lviv, amene Bandera (monga iwo zinkadziwika) kwenikweni ankaganiza kuti iye anali fano. Anakhala mtsogoleri wa OUN mobisa bungwe.

Tsopano pang'ono za ntchito ndale ya Stepan. Ubwino wake bungwe kuphedwa angapo otchuka azandale, amene pa nthawiyo Nationalists anamenyana. Mmodzi wa iwo mu '34 adapezeka olakwa ndi chilango cha imfa, yomwe Komabe, patapita kanthawi, ndingokhala m'ndende moyo. M'ndende, anakhala zaka 39 pamene, chifukwa cha ntchito ya Poland, akaidi onse (ndipo iwo, Stepan) anamasulidwa.

Mtsogoleri wa nationalists anapitiriza ntchito zawo. Ndipo ngati tikambirana funso "Bandera - amene ali" Yankho ndi kuti anali otsatira ake omwe kamodzi adamuthandiza.

Bandera Activities pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Panthawi imeneyi Stepan monga anamasulidwa. Kulumikizana anthu ake, anapita Lviv, kumene imawunikidwa nkhaniyi ndipo anaganiza kuti tsopano mdani yaikulu ya ufulu wa Ukraine ndi la Soviet Union.

Tikhoza kuganiza kuti Chiyukireniya Bandera mwalamulo anatuluka pambuyo kugawanika kwa OUN, pamene malo mutu wa bungwe anayamba amati anthu awiri ndi maganizo zosiyana kwathunthu. Iwo Bandera ndi A. Miller. Ganizo loyamba kuti Germany sangathandize Ukrainians kupeza ufulu ankafunila, kotero muyenera kudalira okha okha. Mgwirizano ndi Germany akhoza voprinimat yekha zotsatira osakhalitsa. Ganizo lachiwiri mosiyana. Pomaliza, onse anapita m'misasa yawo. mbali wapafupi Bandera zitsulo Lenkavsky S., J. Stetsko, Lebedev, V. Ohrimovich, R. Shukhevich.

Mu June 1941, mchitidwewo analengeza chitsitsimutso cha boma Chiyukireniya chifukwa cha zimene anali mapeto a Bandera m'ndende Germany. The Germany sindimakonda masautso zochitika. Monga ananeneratu Stepan, iwo anali ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri kwa Ukraine.

Mu ndende German Bandera mpaka September 44. Izo sizinali malo zikachitika, munali zigawenga monga zandale. Germany okha zaka zitatu ndi anamasulidwa Stepan ufulu. Ndi m'malo kuchita kumusonyeza ndi ananenazi wa wodziimira boma Chiyukireniya.

zaka zitatu Bandera sakanakhoza kuchita ndale, ngakhale anali kulemberana ndi anzake kudzera mkazi wake. Komabe, nthawi yonse iyi, Western Ukraine, kumene Bandera si kuponya ntchito zake anapitiriza kumenyana ankhondowo m'madera.

Stepana Bandery moyo atamasulidwa

Atatuluka mu September 1944 Bandera wasankha kukhala moyo mu Germany. Kulephela kubwerera ku dera la Soviet Union sanaletse bungwe nthambi kunja kwa OUN (B).

Panthawi imeneyi, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, iye anatengedwa ndi ntchito kwa nzeru ndi counterintelligence ku Germany. Koma malinga ndi zina, iye anakana.

Mpaka makumi asanu, munthu ankatsogolera moyo wa conspirator, chifukwa analengeza kusakasaka, koma pambuyo anasamukira ku Munich ndi banja lake. Mpaka mapeto a masiku ake, iye anayenda ndi alonda, kudziteteza kwa adani, kumene ndi njira, panali anthu ambiri. Apa anadziwa iye pansi pa dzina Popel.

Komabe, izi si adzapulumutsa munthu kwa imfa. Mu 1959, iye anaphedwa ndi KGB wothandizila B. Stashinsky. Bandera mpirawo mu nkhope ndi mfuti-syringe (okhutira - potaziyamu cyanide). Iye sanali okhoza kupulumutsa, pa njira kuchipatala anafa Stepan. Pambuyo gunman anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa kundende kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pambuyo exiting therefrom Stashinsky tsoka sakudziwika.

Atamwalira Bandera anakhalabe banja - mkazi wake Oparovskaya Yaroslav, mwana Andrew, mwana wamkazi Natalia ndipo Les. Ngakhale zochita zawo zonse, banja anakonda ndi mwamphamvu kulondera.

Choncho anathetsa moyo wa munthu wina amene anali bwana kumbuyo kayendedwe mtundu mu Western Ukraine, komanso kulinganiza za kuphedwa ambiri andale. otsatira ake anachita kuphedwa ambiri, kubisala kuseri kwa lingaliro la ufulu Ukraine, kumasulidwa ake pa Polish, ndipo kenako boma la Soviet.

Mu 2010, Bandera anali kupereka mutu wa Hero wa Ukraine, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri wolakwa izo. Komabe, mu 2011 Supreme Administrative Court la Ukraine, anaganiza kuti munthu uyu akhoza kukhala wopambana.

otsatira Bandera pa World Chachiwiri

Choncho, kupitiriza ntchito yake pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Bandera (zithunzi za nkhanza lero ali m'zinenero) mwachangu anayamba kumenyana woyamba ndi ntchito Polish, kenako ndi Germany athana ndi Red Army. Chiyukireniya zigawenga zambiri Army (UPA), amene amapereka lingaliro la ufulu wa Ukraine Stepan unakhazikitsidwa. Adani onse - Ayuda, Poland ndi mayiko ena. Ndipo onse a iwo awonongedwe.

Wotsatira odzipereka ndi bwenzi Bandera anali Roma Shukhevych, amene kulibe pafupifupi anatsogolera OUN. Mu '41 analolera battalion "Nachtigall", yemwe anawonongedwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu a Polish dziko la mzinda. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndipo anayamba kudula anthu mtendere Ukraine.

Ngati ife kulankhula zina za ntchito zake, ndi battalion udindo imfa ya anthu a m'mudzi Chibelarusi wa Khatyn, amangoika zinawonongedwa.

Kuwonjezera pa iwo ndi nkhanza zina, womwe ndi kupha anthu a m'mudzimo Korbelisy mu Volyn. Ambiri ankawotchedwa. Zonse pamene kupha pafupifupi 2,800 anthu.

Zikachitika nkhanza analenga m'mudzi Lozovaya, kumene oposa zana anthu anaphedwa, ndipo zosiyanasiyana kuopsezana.

Pali umboni wina zoopsa tsogolo la anthu wamba. Pafupifupi ana onse siali a dziko Chiyukireniya anali woti adzafa, ndi kufera. Choncho ambiri chinang'ambika kapena otrubyvali mbali zosiyana za thupi, anavutika. Ena moyo, womangidwa ku mtengo ndi waya waminga. Iwo analidi nthawi zowawitsa.

Masiku ano, pali mbiri yakale amene amakhulupirira kuti oimira OUN-UPA amasangalala barbarities ikuchitika mwa iwo. Ngakhale Anazi German sanali wokondwa. deta Izi asonkha malipoti anamangidwa ndi mafunso Bandera. Iwo ankanena ena Germany amene anathandizana ndi iwo.

Bandera monga mbali ya UPA

Bandera UPA - izo anapanga asilikali ankhondo, amene ali wamng'ono kwa atsogoleri a OUN (B). Iwo anayamba kulowa oimira osiyanasiyana omwe anathandiza gulu limeneli ndi maganizo awo.

cholinga chake chachikulu chinali partisans Soviet, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa zonse ndi aliyense amene analibe poyerekezera Ukraine. Anthu ambiri kumbukirani nkhanza awo, pamene midzi yonseyo analaswa yekha zimene ziri mtundu wina.

Pa nthawi ya kumasulidwa kwa Red Army mu UPA, panali pafupi makumi asanu zikwi omenyana yogwira. Aliyense wa iwo anali maganizo awo bwino udindo, khalidwe mwakhama ndi chidani cha "Board," chomwe chinathandiza zaka zapitazi wa repressions Stalin.

Komabe, panali zofooka asilikali. Izi, kumene, yolimbanirana ndi mfuti umwini.

Kodi kuchita Bandera panthawi ya nkhondo

Pokambirana za milandu ya Bandera monga mbali ya UPA, ndiye lero, miyezo ya azambiriyakale, iwo achuluka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani za imfa ya anthu 200 ku mudzi wa Kuta (Armenia ndi Zitsulo). Onse anali excised pa zapachiweniweni m'deralo.

The odziwika bwino Volyn kuphedwa anakhudzidwa midzi ambiri. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta. Atsogoleri ena a zoyenda pamaso pathu kutsatira mfundo iyi: tiyeni gawo adzakhala anthu zochepa, koma kuyeretsa Ukrainians.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, pamene imfa kwa anthu makumi awiri kuti zikwi zana (ndipo anali anthu wamba!) Pa manja a anthu amene anathandiza lingaliro la dziko motsogozedwa ndi Stepan Bandera. Aliyense, ngakhale zolinga womveka, sangathe kulungamitsa kufa imfa yowawa ya anthu ambiri.

atasemphana Bandera

Bandera upandu anachititsa kutsutsidwa kwakukulu kwa iwo partisans Union panthawi ya nkhondo. Monga kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine kuchokera ku Germany ndi Red Army anapita mu kuchitapo awo ndi mapangidwe a UPA. Iwo anayesa kuletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko "lake" ulamuliro wa Soviet. Ikuchitika zochita zosiyanasiyana zonyoza zimayenda Mwachitsanzo, kuyatsa masitolo, kuwononga wanthambo mizere, komanso kupha anthu amene anali mu Red Army. Nthawi zina banja lonse analaswa chokha choona kuti iwo anali okhulupirika kwa partisans Russian.

asilikali Soviet, monga kumasulidwa kwa madera, ikuchitika ndi kusesa ndi nationalists German-Chiyukireniya. Zawonongedwa pafupifupi onse gulu lalikulu la UPA. Komabe, panali mayunitsi laling'ono, limene zikuvutiravutirabe kupha.

Iyo inali nthawi yovuta kwa Ukrainians Western. Pa dzanja limodzi - Union Army, yomwe ikuchitika yolimbikitsa ya anthu waumuna. Pa zina - mapangidwe a UPA, zomwe zinawonongedwa aliyense amene anali osachepera m'njira yogwirizana ndi Soviet Union.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pa gawo asandilembe magulu mtundu anatumizidwa kwa ogwira ntchito za NKGB ndi NKVD. Komanso, akuchita ntchito ofotokozera mwa anthu, ndi chifukwa kuti analenga otchedwa "mphamvu yowononga". Anathandiza kwambiri pothetsa magulu.

Bandera ndewu chinakhalapo mpaka makumi asanu, pamene iwo potsiriza anagonjetsa magulu mobisa OUN-UPA.

otsatira Bandera nthawi masiku ano

Chibwenzi, malo Chiyukireniya n'zotheka kusunga otsatira chitsitsimutso Stepana Bandery. Ukrainians ambiri ayamba lingaliro la dziko Komabe, ife amamuiwala za nthawi imeneyo zoopsa, amene anali pamenepo. Mwina ngakhale kuwapeza chochitira. Stepan Bandera anakhala fano la achinyamata ambiri, monga izo zinaliri poyamba. Ena a anthu achikulire mukukhulupirira (ndi maganizo) kuti si onse Bandera anawononga kamodzi agogo awo. N'zosiyana ndi amphamvu kwambiri.

Othandiza ndi otsatira mtsogoleri wa OUN kukondwerera tsiku la kubadwa kwa fano lake torchlight chionetsero, ndi mbendera red-ndi-wakuda. Amaphimba nkhope zawo, ndipo armbands akugwira zithunzi za iye. Kumanda chikuchitika pafupifupi mu mzinda, koma sizichitika kulikonse. Anthu ena zoipa kwambiri khalidwe lokonda kuwonetsera kotero yowala kulemekeza Stepana Bandery.

Koma mfundo, ndi Bandera masiku ano Ukraine anatenga izo kuchokera akalambula ake. Ngakhale chiphiphiritso "Ulemerero kwa Ukraine - Zimphona Ulemerero" anaitenga ku iwo.

Ikuimira otsatira a Stepana Bandery

A chizindikiro cha nationalists masiku ano, komanso Kale, red-ndi-wakuda nsalu. mbendera Izi Bandera ndipo anavomereza kumbuyo mu 1941. Umasonyeza kayendedwe chosintha, nkhondo yolimbana ndi ntchito za m'mayiko Chiyukireniya. Komabe, panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri si kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga mu nthawi ino.

Ngati ife kulankhula makamaka za mbendera, mitundu awa akupezeka m'mayiko ambiri ngati zimenezi chosintha. Mwachitsanzo, dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri mu Latin America.

Choncho, polingalira: "Bandera - amene anthu awa?" Ndikufuna osanenapo mbendera awo amene pambuyo ufulu wa Ukraine ndi zochitika wotsatira wakhala kuzindikira kwambiri.

zipilala masiku ano Bandera ndi kuwazunzawo

Masiku ano, pali zipilala ambiri amatikumbutsa nkhanza wachita akuvutika ndi amene anasiya Bandera panthawi ya nkhondo. Iwo zili m'midzi yambiri ndi m'midzi. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha iwo zili Lviv ndi m'madera. Komanso, pali malo ofanana mu Lugansk, Svatovo, Shalygin mu Simferopol, mu Volyn ndi Ternopil zigawo.

Mu Poland, mumzinda wa Legnica, pali kumsika lonse odzipereka kwa akuvutika chifukwa cha UIA. Wroclaw ndi chipilala-mausoleum pokumbukira akuvutikawo. amene anagwa ndi OUN-UIA mu zaka 39-47 ya atumwi wotsiriza.

Komabe, palinso chipilala kuti Bandera ndi Poland. Ndi pafupi Radymno. Mozemba anaika, pali ngakhale kuti kugwetsedwa ake, koma chikumbukiro akadali bwino zedi.

Komanso, pali zipilala zambiri Stepan Bandera. Western Ukraine kukubalalitsani okwanira kuchuluka - kuchokera zipilala lalikulu busts yaing'ono. Palinso kunja, mwachitsanzo mu Germany, kumene anaikidwa mtsogoleri wa Chiyukireniya kayendedwe mtundu.