Nikolay Nekrasov: "Elegy". Kufufuza, kufotokozera, kugwirizana

Dzina la wolemba ndakatulo Wachi Russia ndi wofalitsa Nekrasov ali wogwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la anthu amtundu wina wolemba ndakatulo. Nikolai Alekseevich, yemwe anali wolemekezeka wa kubadwa, anali ndi chidwi ndi kalasi yambiri ya Russia masiku ano. Wolemba ndakatuloyu adanyansidwa ndi udindo wachinyengo wa eni nyumba, omwe, ngakhale ataphunzira ndi ufulu wawo, anapitirizabe kukhala antchito, makamaka - akapolo. N'chifukwa chake Nekrasov adadzipereka kwa anthu, ndikukhulupirira kuti mawu amanjenje oyaka moto adzapeza yankho ndipo adzatha kusintha chinachake. Lingaliro limeneli limamvekanso mu ntchito "Elegy". Nthano ya Nekrasov ikuyang'ana lero zamakono.

Kodi ndakatulo "Elegy"

Anthu ndi dziko lakwawo ndilo mutu waukulu wa ntchito zonse za Nekrasov. Komabe, si anthu onse amasiku ano omwe amamvera chisoni ndi ndakatulo. Pamene akufufuza ndakatulo yakuti "Elegy" ndi Nekrasov, sikutheka kunena kuti ntchito yamakono inali yankho-kutsutsa kwa otsutsa omwe adanyoza ndakatulo kuti "alembere" za kuzunzika kwa anthu komanso osatha kunena chilichonse chatsopano. Kudzipatulira koyambidwa ndi mzere wa "Elegy" ukulembedwera kwa bwenzi la wolemba ndakatulo A. Erakov - munthu wachifundo komanso wochenjera. Ntchitoyi inaperekedwa kwa iye pa dzina lake ndipo inatsatiridwa ndi kalata imene ndakatuloyo inati ndi "wokondedwa kwambiri ndi wokondedwa" wa ndakatulo zake.

Mbiri yakale yomwe Nekrasov anagwira ntchito

"Elegy," kuunika komwe kudzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, kunalembedwa mu 1874, patatha zaka khumi ndi zitatu chitatha chiwonongeko cha serfdom. Vuto limene limadetsa nkhaŵa mtima wa Nekrasov likuwonekera mu funso: Kodi anthu amasulidwa ku maunyolo a serfomu okondwa? Ayi, chidziwitso chomwe sichidachitike, anthu wamba amapezedwanso ndi kuponderezedwa. Nekrasov anali wothandizira njira yotchedwa "America" ya chitukuko cha ukapolo ku Russia, malingaliro ake, amphawi amatha kuchiritsa mokondwa komanso momasuka pamene akuyendetsa chuma chake. Chizoloŵezi chogwiritsira ntchito chinali chokhwima komanso chosatsutsika ndi wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika Nekrasov.

"Elegy". Kufufuza kwa zomwe ndakatulozi zili

M'gawo loyambirira, wolembayo akunena za mafashoni omwe alibe malo a chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo amadandaula kuti nthawi zomwe ndakatulo zingathe kulemekeza kukongola sizinafike. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale iyenera kuitanitsa chikumbumtima cha "dziko lamphamvu", pomwe "anthu amadzetsa umphawi" ndikugonjetsa ukapolo wawo wamakhalidwe ndi makhalidwe. Komanso, ndakatuloyo imati iye mwini "adadzipereka" kuimba kwa anthu ndikufotokozera credo yake: lolani zotsatira zake zisamawonekere, ndipo zoyesayesa zikuwoneka kuti palibe chiyembekezo, "aliyense apite kunkhondo!" M'gawo lachiwiri la ndakatulo, zithunzi zosaoneka za moyo wathanzi zimaperekedwa kwa owerenga ndi Nekrasov. "Elegy" (pambuyo pake tidzathandizira kuti ntchitoyi iwerengedwe ndi kuphunzira kachitidwe ka ndakatulo kamene anagwiritsa ntchito ndi wolemba) mwachikondi komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo imasonyeza chikondi ndi ulemu wa wolemba ndakatulo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Gawo lachitatu, Nekrasov akudandaulira chirengedwe, akudziwulula chilengedwe chonse, ndipo amachisiyanitsa ndi chidwi ndi chokhudzidwa ndi kuyankhulana kopanda chidwi kwa anthu, omwe olemba ndakatulo akuitanira mwachidwi.

Zosangalatsa za ndakatulo

Nekrasov atalengeza kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo adakakamizika kukhala nzika, adaweruzidwa kuti kunena kuti zolinga za boma zimapangitsa ndakatulo kuzinthu zake. Kodi ndi choncho? Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo "Elegy" Nekrasov imatsimikizira kuti wolemba ndakatulo sanali wodziwika kwa njira zamakatulo zodabwitsa. Polemba ndi iambic pirrihii 6-foot, ndakatulo yomweyo imatenga mawu okondwa kwambiri ndipo imakumbukira zochitika zapamwamba zamakono. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawu a kalembedwe: "vzmamlet", "amwali", "thanthwe", "anakokedwa", "echo", "lyre". Kufufuza ndakatulo, tikukhulupirira kuti momwe Nekrasov amagwiritsira ntchito. "Elegy," ndithudi, kusanthula kumeneku, sikungatheke chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa njira zowonetsera, kumayimira minda ndi mabala omwe amamvetsera mwatcheru msilikali wamakono, ndi nkhalango kuti amuyankhule. Zozizwitsa zodziwika kwambiri: "tsiku lofiira", "misozi yonyezimira," "kukonda kwambiri," "wokalamba," "wokondwa ndi maloto." Anthu omwe ali pansi pa goli amawayerekezera ndi "ziweto zoonda" pa "malo otsetsereka." Lira amamvetsetsa ngati wankhondo, akutumikira zabwino za anthu.

Nikolay Nekrasov, "Elegy". Kusanthula mtundu wa mtundu

Mtundu wa elegies unayambika kale, mawuwa amatembenuzidwa m'Chisipanishi ngati "choyimira chitoliro". Ndi zomvetsa chisoni, zoganizira komanso zowopsya, cholinga chake ndi kufotokozera ndi kumalimbikitsa maganizo omvetsa chisoni ponena za kutha kwa nthawi, za kupatukana kwa anthu okondedwa ndi malo, zotsutsana ndi chikondi. Nchifukwa chiyani Nekrasov anasankha mtundu uwu pa ndakatulo yake yachikhalidwe? Chikondi chake kwa anthu sichinali chongopeka, chinali chakuthwa, chowopsya komanso chosatha. Mtundu wokongola, wokonzekera malingaliro aumwini, umatsindika mosamala, mwakuya komanso mopweteka maganizo a ndakatulo ku gawo la anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Nekrasov, monga momwemo, akutsatira mwambo kuti adzipangitse zolengedwa zodziwika ndi zochitika zina ndizokha zimalengeza "njira" ina - fungoli liyenera kusonyeza zofuna za anthu, monga zenizeni zokha.

Pomaliza

Mwina wolemba ndakatuloyo amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo kukhala otsika kwa nzika, ndipo ndakatulo zake sizidabwa ndi mpweya wosagwirizana. Komabe, ndani angatsutsane ndi mfundo yakuti Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov wanzeru, wachifundo kwambiri, ndipo tsogolo la dziko lake ndi lofunika kwa iye? Ndi chifukwa cha izi zomwe timayamika wolemba ndakatulo uyu waku Russia.