Tsiku lobadwa la Pushkin. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa ku Russia, wolemba ndakatulo Alexander Pushkin, anabadwira mu ufumu wa Russia mu ulamuliro wa Emperor Paul the First. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Pushkin m'mbiri yakale likusonyezedwa m'njira ziwiri: May 26 ndi June 6, 1799. Kotero ndi yani yowona? Chinthuchi ndi chakuti May 26 ndi tsiku la kubadwa kwa Pushkin malinga ndi kalendala ya Chiroma (yakale), ndi June 6 - malinga ndi masiku ano - Julian. Mulimonsemo, lero onse ojambula talente a wolemba ndakatulo wanzeru wa ku Russia chaka chilichonse amakondwerera tsiku la kubadwa kwake pa June 6. Malo a Pushkin ndilo likulu lamakono la dziko lathu, mzinda wa Moscow. Komabe, m'zaka zimenezo ankaonedwa ngati mzinda wachiwiri wa dzikolo pambuyo pa St. Petersburg.

1799 ku Russia

Kutha kwa zaka za zana la 18 kunali kovuta kwambiri ku Russia. Anthu sankakonda kwenikweni mfumu yapamwamba Paulo woyamba. Mu nthawi yochepa ya ulamuliro wake, adanyozedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ake kuti pa tsiku la imfa yake, anthu sanamve chisoni chifukwa cha iye, koma adathokitsana. Komabe, mu ulamuliro wake, dziko la Russia linatha kuwonjezera malire ake, ndipo chifukwa cha akuluakulu a boma. Mwa njira, pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa asilikali a Russian Pushkin anagonjetsa ndipo anatenga mzinda wa Turin. Mwachidziwitso, chaka chino chinali chopambana kwambiri kwa asilikali a ku Russia, chinali chodzaza ndi kupambana kwakukulu ndi kulimbana mwamphamvu, komanso ku Russia kwakukulu. Choncho, chaka cha kubadwa kwa Alexander Pushkin - chaka chatha chazaka za zana la 18 - chinadziwika ndi kupambana kwa asilikali a Russia ndi kubadwa kwa anzeru kwambiri - omwe ali ndi luso la olemba ndakatulo onse a Chirasha.

Yotsatira

Mwachiyambi, AS Pushkin ndi wolemekezeka, mizu yake imachokera ku nthambi yosagwedezeka ya Pushkin, yomwe, malinga ndi nthano, imabwerera ku Ratshe "mwamuna woona mtima", yemwe anakhalapo ndi Alexander Nevsky. Agogo-agogo ake a ndakatulo a amayi ake anali Aromani Abram Petrovich Hannibal, wophunzira wa Peter Wamkulu, yemwe pambuyo pake anakhala mtsogoleri. Agogo ake a bambo awo - Lev Pushkin - anali msilikali wamatabwa, koma bambo wa mlembiyo anali kutali ndi nkhondo. Iye anali munthu wamba, wolemba ndakatulo wochita masewera ndipo anali kudziwika kuti ndi wochenjera. Wandakatulo wodziwika kwambiri m'banja anali amalume ake ndi bambo ake, Vasily. Komabe, pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Pushkin achibale ake mwina sanaganizire kuti iwo ali ndi "nyali ya ndakatulo ya Chirasha" mu banja lawo - wolemba ndakatulo amene ntchito zake zidzakumbukiridwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi ngakhale patapita zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Ubwana

Tsiku la Kubadwa kwa Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - May 26, 1977. Mu buku la miyala ya Elkhovo Epiphany Church pa Meyi 27, ndiko kuti, tsiku lomwe wolemba ndakatulo wam'tsogolo adabadwa, mbiri inapangidwa kuti Sergei Pushkin anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wotchedwa Alexander. Patapita masiku khumi, mnyamatayo anabatizidwa mu mpingo womwewo. Sasha wamng'ono wachisanu nthawi zambiri ankakhala pa nyumbayo ndi agogo ake okondedwa Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Mkazi wolemekezeka amakhala m'midzi, pafupi ndi tauni ya Zvenigorod. Ali ndi zaka 14-15 Pushkin anayamba kulemba ndakatulo zake zoyamba: "Monk" ndi "Bova"; Mu 1915, Pushkin wazaka 16 analemba ndakatulo "The Epistle to Yudin," ndipo patapita chaka - "Maloto."

Achinyamata

Mu Lyceum ku Tsarskoe Selo Pushkin adaphunzira kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pamene mphatso yake ya ndakatuloyo inavumbulutsidwa mobwerezabwereza. Pano iye adapezanso mabwenzi enieni ndi anthu amalingaliro. Panthawi imeneyi ndakatulo ya Chifalansa inamulimbikitsira. Makamaka ankakonda ntchito za Voltaire ndi Guys. A olemba ndakatulo achi Russia, iye ananyoza Zhukovsky ndi Batiushkov. Masalmo ambiri a ndakatulo yayikulu ndi nthawi ya Lyceum. Patapita nthawi, pamene ndakatulo yake inapeza mtundu wa ndale, Derzhavin anasangalala ndi ntchito zake. Chaka chilichonse pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Pushkin anzake omwe anali anzake a m'kalasi mwake anakonza madzulo akulenga ndipo ankatchula ndakatulo polemekeza iye.

Pambuyo pa lyceum, yomwe anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1817, Pushkin anayamba kutumikira ku koleji ya zamalonda. Pazaka izi iye adalowa mu masewera a zisudzo, sanaphonye ntchito imodzi. Pushkin nayenso anachezera anthu olemba mabuku "Arzamas" ndi mndandanda ndi malo owonetsera masewero "Green Lampu". Apa adayamba kukhala ndi mabwenzi ambiri a Decembrists, ngakhale poyamba sankayikira za ntchito yawo yaikulu.

Moyo wachikulire

Komanso m'moyo wa wolemba ndakatulo akuyamba nthawi ya maumboni ndi kuzunzidwa. Ndipo kulakwitsa kwake ndiko chikondi chake komanso ufulu wake wofuna chilungamo. Ntchito zake zambiri zimakhala ndi mzimu wotsutsana, kusakhumba kupirira zochitika zomwe zinali zochitika ku Russia panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas I. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa wolemba ndakatulo ndi Ambanda ambiri, ndakatulo zake zachikondi ndi ndakatulo. Ndipo zinali zolondola chifukwa cha izi mwachidziwitso cha chilungamo chomwe imfa yake idachitika.

Imfa ya wolemba ndakatulo

M'nyengo yozizira ya 1836, mphekesera inafalikira ponena za kugwirizana pakati pa Pushkin mwamuna wa Natalia ndi mfumu. Kenaka, pofuna kuchotsa malingaliro kuchokera kwa munthu wachifumu, adayankhula kale za chikondi pakati pa Natalya ndi Baron Dantes. Pushkin sankatha kusankha koma kupembedzera kwa ulemu wa mkazi wake ndikuitanira ku duel. Nkhondo yawo inachitika pa February 27, 1837, miyezi inayi mlembiyo asanabadwe zaka 38. Inde, tsiku la kubadwa kwa Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - May 26 (June 6), 1799. Chifukwa cha duel, wolembayo adavulazidwa. Anamwalira patapita masiku awiri, ndipo mabuku a Chirasha anasanduka ana amasiye, atatayika wolemba ndakatulo wochenjera komanso wolemba ndakatulo ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Anamuika Alexander Sergeevich m'manda a Svyatogorsk, pafupi ndi Mikhailovsky wake.

Momwe mungakondwerere kubadwa kwa Pushkin lero

Masiku ano ku Russia kulibe mzinda wotero kumene sipadzakhala sukulu yotchedwa dzina lachidziwitso chachikulu cha Russian. Pamaso pa sukulu za sukulu izi zikumbutso za Pushkin zimakulira. Ndipo mwa zonsezi, kawiri kawiri - pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa ndakatulo ndi tsiku la imfa yake - pali madzulo amalenga kapena m'mawa odzipereka kumasiku osakumbukika. Zochitika mwachizolowezi zimayambira ndi kuika maluwa pachikumbutso cha wolemba, ndiye onse amapita ku holo ya msonkhano, ndipo gawo loyamba liyamba. Ophunzira amaphunzira ndakatulo, zilembo zolemba ndakatulo, nkhani zolembedwa ndi Pushkin, ngakhale pali masewero owonetsera masewero okhudzana ndi ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu. Kuonjezera apo, zochitika zosaiŵalika za masiku zikuchitika m'malaibulale, komanso kutchula dzina la wolemba. Ophunzira a luso lachipatala sagwirizananso masiku ano. Kumasukulu apamwamba pali nkhani zokondweretsa, masemina, pomwe ophunzira pamodzi ndi aphunzitsi amalankhula za moyo ndi ntchito ya kalasi yayikulu - kuwunika kwa mabuku a Russian.

Kukondwerera tsiku lobadwa la Pushkin kunja kwa Russia

Ndi ntchito ya Pushkin ndizodziwika osati ku Russia, komanso kupitirira. Ntchito zake zimalemekezedwa kwambiri m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR: Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, ndi zina zotero. M'mizinda yambiri ya malo a Soviet komwe kuli masukulu omwe amatchedwa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu ndi wolemba mbiri. Ndiponso amakondwerera chaka chilichonse chosakumbukika masiku ogwirizana ndi dzina la Alexander Sergeevich. M'mayiko ena omwe kale anali Soviet pali oimira Rossotrudnichestvo. Cholinga cha bungwe lino kuti chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe pakati pa Russia ndi mayikowa chikhale chofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha izo, madzulo omwe amakumbukira olemba ndakatulo akuluakulu achi Russia, kuphatikizapo Pushkin, amachitika chaka chilichonse ku Yerevan, Baku, Minsk ndi Astana, Chisinau ndi mitu ina. Mwachitsanzo, mumzinda wa Yerevan, kusukulu nambala 8, dzina lake Alexander Pushkin, pa June 6, zochitika zapadera zakhala zikuchitika chaka chilichonse. Mwachidziŵikire, ochepa amadziŵa kuti pafupi ndi likulu la Armenia kuli mapiri a mapiri, omwe amatchedwa "Pushkin passes". Apa, malingana ndi nthano, Pushkin inakumana ndi thupi lopanda moyo la Griboyedov, lomwe linatengedwa kuchoka ku Persia kupita ku Russia. Kumeneko, pakati pa chilengedwe chokongola kwambiri, onse akumira mumdima wa mitengo ndi maolivi, pali chipilala kwa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu. Pano pa tsiku lobadwa la ana a Alexander Pushkin ochokera ku sukulu zosiyana siyana za ku Armenia, amabweretsa maluwa, pamunsi mwa chikumbutso amatha kunena ndakatulo, kuwerenga mizere kuchokera ku nkhani, kusinthana maganizo, ndi zina zotero.

Anthu ena akulu omwe anabwera padziko lapansi pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Pushkin

Tsiku lomwelo wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa ku Russia anabadwa, zaka 200 zokha zisanachitike, wojambula Chisipanishi, woimira Baroque, Diego Rodriguez Velasquez, anabadwa. Koma patapita zaka pafupifupi 100 wolemba nyimbo wotchuka ku Armenia, wolemba mabuku monga "Spartacus" ndi "Gayane" ndi ena ambiri, Aram Khachaturyan, anabadwa. Pa tsiku lomwelo, Wolemba ndakatulo ndi wotembenuzidwa wa ku Russia, Nikolai Ushakov, anabadwa.