Nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei. Alexei Petrovich Romanov: kukana mpando wa chifumu

Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov anabadwa pa February 18, 1690 mu kusandulika. 23,02 anabatizidwa. Iye anali wolandira wachifumu Russian ndi mwana wamkulu wa Peter Wamkulu. Mayi ake anali mkazi woyamba wa mfumu Evdokia Lopuchin.

Alexei Petrovich: yochepa yonena

Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo mu chisamaliro cha Natali Kirillovny - agogo anga. Mu zaka 6 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov iye anayamba kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba mu losavuta ndi osaphunzira Nikifor Vyazemsky. Mu 1698, Evdokia Lopuchin anamangidwa amonke. Kuyambira m'ndende iyi mfundo za mwana wake Peter anatenga Natalia Alekseevna (azakhali). mwanayo anatengedwera ku nyumba yachifumu ya Chiwalitsiro.

Mu 1699, Petulo, pokumbukira mwana wake, anaganiza kuti amutume kwa Dresden kuphunzira, pamodzi ndi mbewu ndi. Karlovic. Komabe, yotsirizira anafa. Monga Mlangizi m'malo General anaitanidwa Neugebauer Achisaxon ya University of Leipzig. Komabe, kumanga kalonga mphunzitsi watsopano sizinayende, kuti 1702 iye adataya. Maphunziro a mnyamatayo anayamba kuchita Baron Gyuyssena. N. Vyazemsky mu 1708 inanena kuti Tsar Alexei chinkhoswe mu ma German, French, akuwerenga nkhani, analemba Buku la mapu amafufuza affixes ndi declination.

Mpaka 1709 mnyamatayo okhala kutali ndi bambo wake mu Chiwalitsiro. Anaima pa nyumba yachifumu anthu kwakukulukulu motengera umunthu wa Tsarevich Alexei. Malinga ndi iye, iwo anamuphunzitsa kuyenda pafupipafupi kuti cherntsam ndi ansembe, podpivat nawo, "bigots".

mikangano

Peter ndi Alexei Petrovich anali kusintha pa moyo ndi polity. Mfumu inalamula wolowa zofanana maina, koma chomalizachi sanali maphunziro. Pa Kukwezeleza asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda kumtunda Peter analangiza mwana wake atsate kuphunzitsa kulemba anthu usilikali ndi ndondomeko ya kumanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri mu Moscow. Koma chifukwa cha ntchito za atate wolowa nyumba wa sanakhutire kwambiri. Makamaka anakwiyitsa mudziwe kuti pa ntchito za Alexei Petrovich anapita mayi ake Suzdal obisika.

Mu 1709, limodzi ndi Golovkin ndi Trubetskoy achinyamata anatumizidwa ku Dresden kuphunzira zilankhulo, "zandale" ndi mpanda. Akamaliza wa Alexei Petrovich anali kukhoza mayeso mu kukhalapo kwa bambo ake. Koma mnyamatayo, poopa kuti mfumu n'zovuta kuchita zojambula, kuyesera kuwombera nokha mu dzanja. The bambo okwiya adampanda ndi unkamuletsa kuonekera pa bwalo. Koma kenako linasiya kuletsa.

ukwati

Mu 1707 Gyuyssena amapereka mwamuna kapena mkazi Prince - Mfumukazi Charlotte wa Lüneburg. M'chaka cha 1710 anaona. Patapita chaka chimodzi, kumayambiriro April, izo zinasaina pangano la ukwati. October 14, 1711 mu Torgau zazikulu ukwati zinachitika. Mu ukwati, anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Natalia ndi mwana Peter. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Charlotte wotsiriza anafa. Tsarevich Alexei Romanov anasankha mbuye Euphrosyne wa serfs Vyazemsky. Atatero, kenako anapita ku Ulaya.

Peter ndi Alexei Petrovich amachititsa atasemphana +

Milandu onse, amene amaperekera boma, mfumu kuika mphamvu zake khalidwe ndi patsogolo. Komabe, ntchito kusintha kwa Peter linachititsa maganizo wosanganiza mwa zigawo zambiri za anthu. Against kusintha wake anali oponya mivi olemekezeka, atsogoleri. Iwo kenako anagwirizana ndi Tsarevich Alexei, mwana wa Petro. Malinga Bestuzhev-Ryumin, mnyamatayo anali kapolo wa kulephera bambo ake kumvetsa malamulo ndi zofunikira za khalidwe lake, amene chilichonse chochitika khama anali achilendo. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti chifundo chimene anasonyeza Alex kwa otsatira Kale, anali kudyetsedwa osati zizolowezi zake maganizo, komanso nakulitsa ndipo anakhalabe pamalo ake. Mpaka panafunika kuthana ndi vuto la cholowa akanakhoza kubwera kwa kukondera a.

Peter adzazunzidwa poona kuti mwana wake kuwononga zonse zimene analenga. Anadzipereka moyo wake kukonzanso dongosolo lakale, mapangidwe boma latsopano. M'malo mwake iye sanawone m'malo a ntchito. Peter ndi Tsarevich Alexei anali otsutsana zolinga zake, maganizo zolinga, makhalidwe, zolinga. zinthu anali kukula ndi gulu la anthu ku mbali ndi adani a kusintha. Gulu lililonse chinachititsa kuti nkhondo, kubweretsa mapeto ake aakulu.

Opinion M. P. Pogodina

Phunziro nkhondo a Peter ndi mwana wake ukugwira kwambiri kwa olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Pogodin. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti Alexei pakokha pa slobs onse ndi mediocrity. Mu buku lake, iye analemba kuti mnyamatayo anali chidwi kwambiri. Mu ndalama njanji buku kalonga anasonyeza ndalamazo mabuku yachilendo. M'mizinda yonse kumene iye anakhala, anagula ndi ndalama ndithu buku, amene sanali yekha okhutira wauzimu. Ena mwa iwo anali mabuku a mbiri yakale, zithunzi, mapu. Alex anayang'ana kukawona malo. Pogodin tidzapeze Gyuyssena mawu, amene ananena kuti mnyamata wogwidwa ndi onyada, adaletsa mwanzeru, kulingalira komanso chikhumbo chachikulu kupambana ndi kupeza zonse ankaona kofunika kwa wolowa boma chachikulu. Alex anali wofatsa, ovomerezeka khalidwe, anasonyeza chidwi popeza mwakhama zonse anamwalira mu maphunziro.

ndege

Kubadwa kwa mwana wake ndiponso imfa ya mkazi wake Alexey chinachitikira mkubwela kwa mwana wa Peter ndi mkazi wake Catherine, yemwe dzina lake Peter. chochitika Agwedeza udindo wa anyamata, tsopano si kwenikweni bambo ake monga wolamulira yaukapolo. Pa tsiku la kuyikidwa m'manda Sharlotty Petr anapereka Alexis kalata. Mu izo, iye anam'weruza wolowa chifukwa chosowa propensity zochitika boma, anamkakamiza polumikiza, kapena kumuchititsa ufulu wake.

Mu 1716 Alex anasamukira ku Poland, mwalamulo kukaona Peter, amene ankakhala pa nthawi imeneyo ku Copenhagen. Komabe, iye akuthamanga kuchokera Gdańsk kuti Vienna. Apa iye ali mu nkhani ndi mafumu a ku Ulaya, amene anali wachibale wa mkazi atamwalira Austria Mfumu Karl. Austrians mobisa zimauluka mwana Peter ku Naples. Pa Dera la Ufumu wa Roma, iye anakonzera kudikira mpaka imfa ya bambo ake, pa nthawi imeneyo kwambiri bolevshego. Kenako, mothandizidwa wa Austrians, iye amayenera kukhala Alexei Russian tsar. Nawonso, kodi ntchito ngati chidole m'malo mu phukusi motsutsa Russian Ufumu. Kenako Komabe, Austrians anasiya mapulani awo, akuganiza oopsa kwambiri.

kusaka

A masabata angapo pambuyo athawe anapeza wolowa nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei. Tinayamba kufufuza. Russian wokhala Vienna Veselovsky anatumizidwa kuti ndi kukhwimitsa kukhazikitsa malo okhala amathawathawa. Ndithu nthawi yaitali kufufuza sanapereke zotsatira. Mwina chifukwa, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti Veselovsky anali pa wina ndi Kikin amene anathandiza Alexei mu zolinga zake.

Motero, nzeru Russian anatha younikira pansi wolowa nyumba. M'malo mwa Mfumu anatumidwa ndi pempho kwa extradition amathawathawa. Mu April 1717, Charles VI Veselovsky anapereka kalata kwa Petulo. Anafunsidwa mfumu kumupatsa wolowa amathawathawa kuti "uthenga makolo awo."

Bwererani ku Russia

Alex anali ndi nkhawa ndipo anapempha kuti extradite iye Peter. Nthawiyi, Tolstoy ndi Rumyantsev anatumizidwa pambuyo pake. Adalonjeza kupeza chilolezo kwa mfumu kuti ukwati Euphrosyne ndipo anayamba kukhala m'mudzi. Tolstoy ndi Rumyantsev anapanga zosatheka.

Patangotha miyezi iwiri, iwo anachita ntchito yaikulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zotheka mwa mavuto. Kuwonjezera kukumana ndi kalonga, ndipo lonjezo la chikhululuko kuchokera kwa atate wake, iwo ziphuphu aliyense kwa viceroy wa Naples, mantha Alexis, kuti mosakayikira iye kuphedwa ngati iye sanabwerere, mantha ndi mbuye wake ndi kukhulupirira iye ndi chikoka pa iye. Iwo potsiriza mmwamba ndi kuopa akuluakulu Austria, kuopseza ndi kuwukira asilikali. Mfumu ya Aroma poyamba anakana extradite amathawathawa. Komabe, Tolstoy anapatsidwa chilolezo kukaona mkulu. The kalata, umene m'manja wolowa nyumba ya bambo ake, sanathe kutsimikizira kuti abwerere. Tolstoy chidwi wina wa ku Austria boma ku anati Alexei "chinsinsi" kuti funso la extradition wake kale mwake. Izi wolowa kukhulupirira kuti alibe kudalira thandizo la Austria. Kenako Alex anatembenukira kwa asilikali a Sweden. Komabe, yankho changu boma kum'patsa ndi gulu mochedwa. Zisanafike chidatengedwa, Tolstoy anakwanitsa kutsimikizira Alexei kubwerera kwawo. Wolowa anagonja.

Chifukwa, pa chiyambi cha October 1717 Prince Petulo analemba za okonzeka kubwerera ku Russia, poganiza kuti atikhululukire. Pa siteshoni otsiriza, Austria anamupeza nthumwi yawo Karl potsiriza kupanga lingaliro kwa woyenera kulandiridwa mwaufulu. Tolstoy sanakhutire kwambiri ndi izi ndi kuchita ndi Mtumiki m'malo ozizira. Alex Zikatero, anatsimikizira zolinga zaufulu.

Mafotokozedwe a mavuto a athawe

Pa February 3, wolowa nyumba wa mfumu Russian walembapo ndi kalata yomasulira ku mpando wachifumu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye amalandira chikhululukiro cha bambo wake pa chikhalidwe chimodzi. Anali kuchita choyenera kuti apereke wobisala mwa amathandiza wake. Iwo anayamba kufufuza mu nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei. Pambuyo abdication, loperekedwa kuti wolowa nyumba zakale kuitana maina a anzawo onse ndi kuthandiza, iye adzaloledwe kukhala pa zigawo wawo ndiponso kukhala zachinsinsi. Pambuyo kukambirana ndi bambo ake kumanga anayamba. Mu 1871 linalembedwa kupenta "Peter 1 interrogates Tsarevich Alexei," chithunzicho Nikolai Ge. Iwo ali nawo mu mndandanda wa Tretyakov Gallery. anthu oposa 130 anamangidwa pa pofufuza.

Public Chikukambidwa nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei. Chaka 1718 chinali chiyambi cha otchedwa "kikinskogo kufufuza." Kikin anali waukulu mlandu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye ankakonda kwambiri Petulo. Mu 1713-1716 gg. Iye zoona, anapanga gulu padziko wolowa ndi, mfumu. Imodzi kufufuza inayamba mu Moscow za Evdokia Lopukhina. Akukhulupirira kuti anakhala mbali ya "zochitika kikinskih" amene anali nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei. Documents zokhudzana ndi kufunafuna Suzdal Komabe, kutsutsa maganizo. Pamene njira, msonkhano Lopukhina ndi wolowa umachitika kamodzi kokha - mu 1708-m. msonkhano Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mkwiyo unconcealed Peter. Lopuchin ina anayesa bungwe kucheza ndi mwana wake kudzera m'bale wake. Komabe, wolowa anali zoipa mantha bambo. Mu makalata Yakovu Ignatevu (confessor) Alesya osati lamulo loletsa kulankhulana ndi amayi ake, koma salola kuti ayendere anzawo ndiponso achibale mu Suzdal ndi m'madera.

chiganizo

Nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei momvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo amasiya wolowa anali kuyembekezera zimenezi. Pamaso kulanga mfumu anafunsa alangizi maganizo. Oweruza okha kuti anachita kafukufuku mwa oimira makalasi zothandiza anthu ndi magulu.

Abusa, kuganizira chitsanzo cha Tsarevich Alexei, anatsogolera makoti Chipangano Chakale, chimene, kuti zimadzetsa vuto lalikulu osaweruzika m'malo. Pa nthawi yomweyo Komabe, adakumbukira ndi Kristu analankhula kukhululukidwa. Peter anaitanidwa kusankha - kulanga kapena chikhululukiro.

Koma anthu wamba, iwo onse paokha Chrixitu wonse ndipo anagwirizana ananena chilango cha imfa.

chiganizocho yosainidwa ndi anthu 127. Mwa iwo anali Menshikov choyamba, ndiye Apraksin, Golovkin, Yakov Dolgoruky ndi zina zotero. Wotchuka pafupi khotilo linali osati siginecha Sheremetiev. Opinion za zifukwa kusowa kwake kwa kusiyana. Choncho, Shcherbatov ankanena kuti Sheremet'ev ananena kuti si mu yamtunduwu wake kuweruza pa wolowa nyumba ya. Malinga Golikova, Field kulamulira panthawiyo anali kudwala ndipo anakhala mu Moscow, kotero lowani chigamulochi sakanakhoza.

imfa

Nkhani ya Tsarevich Alexei chinatsekedwa June 26, 1718, Baibulo boma cha imfa kulowa pa amasiya zinachitika chifukwa mantha. Atamva chigamulochi, Alex anagwera mu kukomoka. Patapita nthawi, iye pang'ono anatsitsimuka, anayamba kupempha chikhululuko kwa aliyense. Komabe, kubwerera komaliza kuti boma kale iye analephera ndipo anafa.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, mapepala anawapeza, malinga ndi zomwe asanamwalire Alexei kuzunzidwa. Ine atapereka chiphunzitso kuti anapha. Peter, nayenso anapereka zindikirani limene ananena kuti mwana wake anamvetsera chigamulochi ndipo anali zikuwanyansa. Patapita kanthawi iye anafunsa bambo ake ndipo anapepesa kwa iye. Alex anafa njira Mkhristu, kwathunthu salapa ndi kuleka ntchito zawo. Pali umboni kuti anadzudzula anaphedwa pa malamulo a bambo wake. Komabe, deta izi zimatsutsana kwambiri. Ena magwero zili ndi mfundo zimene Petulo akuti nawo kuzunza Aleksei.

Umboni wina ntchito mwachindunji imfa ya wolowa syglal Menshikov ndi munthu ake apamtima. Ena timva kuti pamaso m'kupita lenileni la Alexei, iwo anali pa izo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena mnyamata pomudyetsanso poizoni. Palinso zomwe Alexei akudwala TB. Ena mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti imfa inali chifukwa pachimake ndi chifukwa mbali zotsatira za mankhwala.

Atamusiya wolowa anaikidwa Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral mu kukhalapo kwa bambo ake. Kumbuyo m'bokosi anayenda mfumu yekha, kumbuyo kwake - Menshikov, senators ndi otchuka ndi apamwamba ena.

chidwi Ndipotu

Mlanduwu kalonga anachisunga chinsinsi State Archives. Chaka imachitika Kupenda zisindikizo. Mu 1812, pepala anagona mu chifuwa wapadera koma anagonjetsedwa, ndipo zikalata amwazika pa nkhondo ya Napoleon. Zitatero, iwo adzathe anasonkhana pamodzi anafotokoza. Panopa, zikalata zilipo poyera.

Olemba mbiri

A osowa chochitika mbiri ankaona kupha dynastic. Choncho, nthawi zonse ndi chidwi kwambiri pa ana ofufuza. mbiri Russian amadziwa awiri Zikatero. Woyamba zinachitika mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo, wachiwiri - mu ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu. olemba zosiyanasiyana ndipo ofufuza kusanthula zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, m'buku lake, Jarosch amayankha wamba ndi chosiyana mbali chododometsa. Makamaka, iye anafotokoza kusiyana pakati pa ubwenzi munthu wa atate kwa imfa ya ana awo.

Monga magwero a Grozny anapha mwangozi. Zitatero, bambo kuwawa anamva chisoni ndi zimene anachita, adafuwula, anapempha kuti madokotala kubwerera mwana wake ali moyo. Lowopsya ankadzitcha wakupha, wosayenera wolamulira. Iye ananena kuti Mwana wa Mulungu kulandidwa anamulanga machimo ake akale ankakhulupirira kuti iye anasiya kupita ansembe tsopano ndi komwe iwo kupemphera kuti atikhululukire. Pomaliza, iye anapita ku Palestina zikwi zingapo.

Peter, Komano, analimbana ndi mwana wake kwa nthawi yaitali, kupereka miyezi ingapo mayesero ake. Jarosch ananena kuti mwa kuika mkwiyo wake pa wolowa pa moyo wake, iye sanatero anamukhululukira imfa.

zotsatira

Ndithudi, zochitika za zaka anachititsa kumveka lonse m'dziko lapansi. Ambiri ofufuza ndi chimodzi mwa maganizo kuti imfa ya Tsarevich opulumutsidwa dziko kubwelela Pre-Petrine nyengo. Komabe, panali zotsatira zoipa za zochitika. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake Peter mu 1722, anasintha dongosolo la kulanda mphamvu mu dziko. Ndipotu iye anawononga ndi mabungwe chomwecho. Ofufuza, ichi ndi chimene anali kukhala maziko coups yachifumu. M'tsogolo, ambiri a kuwuka kwa mphamvu ya mfumu ndi anadutsa nkhondo. Klyuchevskii analemba kuti lamulo latsopano Peter mudzalipidwa ufumuwo ndi mpando wachifumu, linaperekedwa kwa chifuniro cha choncho.

Ngati tikukamba za anthu wamba, ndiye pa moyo wa wolowa woyenera kuti anthuwo anatumiza m'mabuku loweruza. Iwo ayenera kulumbirira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa bwanamkubwa. Komabe, si njira onse anapita bwino. Fundo anali makamaka kumbali ya dongosolo akale. Iwo sanazindikire anachotsedwa pa mpandowachifumu Alexis. Pali umboni kuti mfumu mu mpingo Lamlungu kunabwera munthu ndi pepala. Mu, anakana kulumbirira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa wolowa nyumba yatsopano, ngakhale iye anamvetsa kuti mfumu chifukwa mkwiyo. Peter analamula kuti suspend izo pa moto pang'onopang'ono dymivshimsya mozondoka.

Pomaliza

Nthawi ya exacerbation wa mkangano Peter ndi Alekseem Tsarevich kufuna kupita ku amonke kwawo anatsanzika monga udindo. Komabe, umboni ndi zinthu, bambo sanatayiretu chilolezo. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti olemba mbiri yakale ambiri amavomereza kuti muzu wa mkangano kugona kusafuna Peter polimbana ndi mwana wake kuyambira pa chiyambi. Iye anali mokhudza kwambiri za zochitika anthu, kukonza, kuyenda, maphunziro. mwana anali kwa nthawi yaitali mchikakamizo cha otsutsa boma latsopano.

Pa dzanja limodzi, monga ena olemba, izo zikhoza kukhala woyenera m'malo. Ndipotu, monga zolembedwa zimaonetsa, iye anasonyeza kumvera, nafuna kudziwa, chidwi. Pa nthawi yomweyo chifundo chake ndi kukhazikika chisanadze Petrine nyengo kwenikweni akhoza kuwononga chilichonse chimene chinalengedwa ndi bambo ake. Mfumu ndi mantha kwambiri cha izi. Kwa iye, zofuna za boma anali woposa onse. Izi, iye ananena, ndipo kwa zachilengedwe ndi ana. Mu njira, opulumutsidwa zinthu kubadwa kwa mwana wa Peter Wamkulu ndi ukwati wake wachiwiri. Tsopano, boma umakhoza wolowa woyenera analowa mlandu wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko zingachitike ndi kugwa, chifukwa ana a Peter ndi Alexei dzina chomwecho. nkhani uyunso anali nkhawa mwayekha lapansi.

Kuthawa Alexey Peter ankamuona ngati kuperekedwa, ndi ciwembu iye. N'chifukwa chake, pambuyo adani ake anayamba kumangidwa ndi mafunso. Alexey kuyembekezera chikhululuko kuchokera kwa atate wake, koma m'malo anaweruzidwa kuti azifa. Kufufuza kukopa ndi mbuye Euphrosyne. Pambuyo pake mlanduwo ndipo si chilango. Mwina uyu anapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti thandizo kuti wapereka Tolstoy ndi Rumyantsev, anapempha Sara kuti zimakhudza kalonga.