Nkhondo ya Poltava mwachidule chinthu chofunika kwambiri

Mu lonse kumpoto nkhondo panalibe nkhondo zofunika kuposa Nkhondo ya Poltava. Mwachidule, kenako anasintha la msonkhano. Sweden anali pa sangathe, ndipo iye anali asintha kuyesetsa Russia.

Events madzulo a

Peter anayamba nkhondo Sweden kuti apeze poponda pa gombe Baltic. Mu maloto ake, Russia anali munthu wamkulu apanyanja mphamvu. Iwo Baltic wakhala nkhondo yaikulu. Mu 1700, gulu lankhondo la Russia, yomwe tangoyamba kuona kusintha, anataya nkhondo ya Narva. Mfumu Karl XII anatengerapo mwayi kupambana kunyamula wina wa Goliyati - Polish mfumu II kwa Augusto, amene anathandiza Peter pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ya.

Padakali waukulu Swedish asilikali anali kutali kwa kumadzulo, tsar Russian anatembenuka chuma dziko ake pa nkhondo maziko. Iye mu nthawi yochepa anatha kulenga asilikali watsopano. Iwo chamakono, anaphunzira m'njira asilikali ku Ulaya imachitika ntchito angapo bwino mu Baltic States, kuphatikizapo Courland ndi pa magombe a Neva. Pakamwa pa mtsinje, Peter anayambitsa doko komanso tsogolo likulu ufumu wa St. Petersburg.

Nthawiyi Karl XII anasiya mfumu Polish, natulukira naye kunja kwa nkhondo. Kulibe, asilikali Russian analanda chidutswa ndithu gawo Swedish, koma iye analibe kulimbana ndi asilikali chachikulu cha mdani. Carl, pofuna kum'menya mwamphamvu wamba mdani, anaganiza amapita Russia, kumeneko kuti apeze chigonjetso mu mkangano yaitali. N'chifukwa chake kunali nkhondo ya Poltava. Mwachidule, malo a nkhondo kutali kutsogolo kwa malo akale. Karl anasamuka kum'mwera - mu steppe Chiyukireniya.

kusakhulupirika Mazepa a

Madzulo a nkhondo zoopsa Petro anamvetsa kuti Hetman Cossacks Ivan Mazepa anasiya kwa Charles XII. Iye walonjeza kuthandiza Mfumu ya Sweden kuchuluka kwa zikwi zingapo apakavalo ophunzitsidwa bwino. Kusakhulupirika anatsogolera Russian mfumu anakwiya kwambiri. Asilikali ankhondo ake anayamba kukazungulira n'kuulanda midzi Cossack ku Ukraine. Ngakhale chopereka Mazepa, wa Cossacks anakhalabe okhulupirika kwa Russia. Cossacks izi anasankha hetman latsopano Ivan Skoropadsky.

Mazepa chithandizo anali Zinkafunikiradi kuti Charles XII. Mfumu ndi asilikali ake wakumpoto anali atapita kutali kwambiri ndi kwawo. asilikali anali kupitiriza ulendo wathu kuti zinthu zachilendo. Cossacks Local anathandiza zida osati kokha, komanso navigation, komanso ndi chakudya. Kusakhazikika maganizo am'deralo anatenga Petulo kusiya ntchito zatsalira kwa Cossacks okhulupirika. Panthawiyi anapita Nkhondo ya Poltava. Mwachidule kuwunika malo awo, Karl XII anaganiza kukazungulira ndi Chiyukireniya mzinda wofunika. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti Poltava msanga atadzipereka kwa gulu lake lankhondo lalikulu, koma izo sizinachitike.

Kuzinga Poltava

Mu kasupe ndi Kuchiyambi kwa chilimwe cha 1709 anali asilikali a Sweden pa Poltava, sizinathandize kuyesa izo mwa yamkuntho. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale awerengedwa 20 anayesa kuwononga, amene adapha za 7000 asilikali. Ang'ono Russian asilikali anali kuyembekezera thandizo achifumu. Woterowu kutenga forays molimba mtima kumene asilikali a Sweden samaganiza chifukwa chakuti palibe lingaliro limodzi kukaniza ngati aukali.

Waukulu Russian asilikali molamulidwa ndi Petro anabwera kwa mzindawo pa June 4. Poyamba mfumu sanafune "General Battle" ndi asilikali Charles a. Komabe, kumangika kampeni ndi mwezi uliwonse inali yovuta kwambiri. Only chigonjetso zingathandize Russia kulimbikitsa kugula anu zonse zofunika mu dera Baltic. Pambuyo pake, bungwe angapo a asilikali ndi anamuperekeza wake, Peter anaganiza nkhondo anakhala Nkhondo ya Poltava. Short ndipo mwamsanga kukonzekera zinali kwambiri imprudent. Choncho, Russian asilikali masiku angapo anasonkhana reinforcements. Pomaliza limodzi ndi Cossacks Skoropadsky. Mfumu akukhulupirira Kalmyk kumuwombera, koma iye analibe nthawi yoti mupite Poltava.

Pakati pa Russian ndi asilikali Swedish anali mtsinje Vorskla. Chifukwa nyengo kusokonekera, Peter analamula kuti awoloke waterway kum'mwera kwa Poltava. mchitidwe Izi zinali bwino njira - asilikali a Sweden samaganiza kuti ichi ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, kuyembekezera Russian mu malo osiyana kwambiri ntchito.

Karl anali adakali abwerere ndi musataye nkhondo, amene anali Nkhondo ya Poltava. Kufotokoza mwa chidule za asilikali Russian, amene Iye adalandira kuchokera defector, Komanso anapereka Swedish akazembe chidaliro. Komanso, mfumu sanayembekezere thandizo kuchokera yakumeneko Turkey, amene analonjeza kumupatsa kumuwombera mthandizi. Koma pakati pa mavuto onsewa bwanji khalidwe yowala ya Charles XII. Molimba mtima ndiponso wamng'ono mfumu anaganiza nkhondo.

asilikali chikhalidwe

June 27, 1709 (July 8, Latsopano kalendala), kunachitika Nkhondo ya Poltava. Mwachidule chinthu chofunika kwambiri njira akulu ndi kukula kwa mphamvu zawo. Carl ali amuna 26 zikwi, pamene Petro anali ndi ukulu n'zosangalatsa kumva (37 zikwi). Mfumu wakonza kudzera yaikulu ya mphamvu zonse boma. chuma Russia mu zaka zingapo wabwera kutali ndi chuma agrarian ndi kupanga ano mafakitale (pa nthawi). Osewera mifuti, anagula mfuti yachilendo, asilikali anayamba kulandira usilikali pa chitsanzo European.

Chodabwitsa chinali chakuti mafumu awiri okha mwachindunji nkhondo analamulira makamu awo. Mu nthawi ya makono ano, nchito imeneyi unasamutsidwa akazembe, koma Petro ndi Carl anali kupatula.

Njira ya nkhondo

nkhondo inayambika ndi chakuti vanguard Swedish bungwe woyamba kuukira pa redoubts Russian. mchitidwe anali kuchita kulakwitsa njira. Maalumali, anayang'ana kwa convoy anagonjetsedwa apakavalo, analamula Alexander Menshikov.

Pambuyo fiasco izi nkhondo kutenga ankhondo chachikulu. The atasemphana tonse oyenda maola ochepa sanathe kudziwa wopambana. Kuukira zikuluzikulu anali otsimikiza Russian apakavalo pa mapiko. Iye wosweka mdani oyenda ndipo anathandiza kuika kutigwira pa regiments Swedish pakati.

zotsatira

zofunika kwambiri wa Poltava Nkhondo (mwachidule kukufotokoza kovuta) kugona chakuti pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kwake Sweden anasiya kanthu njira mu nkhondo kumpoto. Onse kampeni zina (nkhondo inatenga zaka 12) zinali zodzaza ndi chapamwamba Russian asilikali.

Zofunika zotsatira zake zinali zotani khalidwe la Nkhondo ya Poltava, mwachidule kufotokoza ndife amene amayesetsa. News ya kugonjetsedwa kwa ndigwira losagonjetseka Swedish asilikali anatsogolera kudabwitsa, osati Sweden, koma ku Ulaya, kumene Russia zitayamba kuoneka gulu lalikulu lankhondo.