Requiem Kodi

Requiem. Tikamva mawu ichi, mosadziwa atichititsa chisoni chenicheni, chifukwa amaonera zochitika zomvetsa chisoni. Wolemba analemba mabuku ambiri amene amaimira mphindi wapadera wa moyo, pamodzi ndi chisoni. wapadera chikumbutso utumiki, amene anali limodzi ndi nyimbo yeniyeni analengedwa kuti zochitika zomvetsa chisoni.

N'chifukwa chake funso la chimene ali requiem, pali yankho limodzi lokha - maliro ndi Requiem Misa, amene anadzipereka pokumbukira akufa. Izi mwamwambo monga ntchito ngati nyimbo monga: "Ambuye, chitirani chifundo," "Tsiku la Chiweruzo" kapena "Tsiku la Mkwiyo" ndi "Mwanawankhosa wa Mulungu". Mu Middle Ages zinali yaikulu choral ntchito, zomwe zinali zochokera nyimbo ya kukuwa Gregory. Chapel anali makamaka khalidwe la Mpingo wa Katolika. Ntchito zamangidwa malinga ndi malamulo okhwima ndipo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pa moyo boma. Kusiyana Requiem anapeza tingachipeze powerenga ake amayang'ana 1570, Yesu ovomerezedwa ndi Papa Pius V.

tanthauzo Requiem osiyana mu mipingo yosiyana. The Lutheran ndi Akatolika, amatanthauza "mtendere wosatha" ndi zoona, ndi chizindikiritso cha sakutonthozeka chisoni anachoka kalekale, kokha yafotokozedwera makamaka mtundu nyimbo. Mu mpingo Orthodox msonkhano uwu okha mawu okhwima anthu opanda nyimbo, polyphony ntchito okhulupirira woona yekha ali m'kachisi.

Mtundu uwu wa nyimbo walandira zikomo ambiri ntchito mu mipingo Katolika. Kugwiritsa zowulutsira wapadera wa nyumba zakale, phokoso la mphamvu osaka mawu a munthu ndi zida limba chinathandiza chilengedwe cha katswiri kwa mibadwo yonse.

Pa chiyambi cha mawu requiem zili chikhalidwe chidutswa cha nyimbo, chomwe ndi magawo angapo. lemba linalembedwa mu Latin.

Kodi lero requiem? Monga kale, kulira ichi, choral nyimbo. Iwo ali solos kuti awombe ndi limodzi loimba. Mwambo chikhalidwe cha lake sanalinso mnzake, ndipo pang'onopang'ono inasanduka lonse konsati nyimbo ensembles. Popeza modernity wasintha requiem. Kutanthauza kuti akadali yemweyo, ndipo analemba, monga kale, kudzipereka yokumbukira wokondedwa kapena zambiri anthu amene anafa mu nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito malemba sanali ovomerezeka.

Munamvapo a kuwomba pansi pa mtima, wapadera asonkhezere mmene ndi chisoni Nyimbo ya Mozart? Iye, mwatsoka, ine sindinali kuimaliza mapeto, pamene iye anafa. Ngati muli bwino ntchito imeneyi, si bwino kufotokoza zimene requiem. Zinthu nyimbo, ndi kulira woyamba kuti inu mumvetsa chifukwa. Apa, mawu osafunika, chifukwa nyimbo - munthu wosatha chisoni kuti cipo anadza kamala, ndipo iye MOKHOZA anasonyeza nyimbo. Mozart a Requiem lidzalira wamkulu monga anthu udzakhalapo.

The heyday izi mtundu wa nyimbo anadza mu chikondi XVIII atumwi, panalibe nyimbo zofunika kuposa requiem a. Mtengo wa chidutswa cha nyimbo m'masiku amenewo, sitingalephere kukambapo (amatanthauza Mitundu chikhalidwe nyimbo zopatulika). Pamwamba pawo ntchito Ludwig galimoto Beethoven, Ferenc Liszt, Saint-Saens, Russian Wolemba Osip Kozlovsky ndi ena ambiri.

A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi Requiems wa Brahms Oimba, Verdi a "nkhondo Requiem" ndi Benjamin Britten, ntchito ya "Misa ku C-zazing'ono" ndi L. Cherubini anadzipereka pokumbukira wa Louis XVI, komanso "Polish Requiem" ndi Penderecki.

Kodi requiem? chidutswa cha nyimbo zimene zimapangitsa munthu kuganiza kuti moyo kufupika ndi okwana imfa.