Ntchito yaikulu ya nzeru ngati zinthu ongolankhula

Anthu ambiri amene amva mawu akuti "nzeru" Zikuoneka kuti ndi chinthu kutali moyo weniweni, ena philosophizing kosangalatsa. Koma pali lingaliro lina lomwe limanena kuti nzeru ndi zothandiza, kuti likhale zofuna za anthu, chikhalidwe, chipembedzo, mtundu, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, chinthu chikhalidwe, wotumikira zofuna za malamulo, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi boma lokha anavula-pansi ndi zambiri molakwika mbali ya nzeru, mmalo ake, wodziwika ndi dzina la mfundo. Koma ntchito yaikulu ya nzeru alibe chochita ndi izo - ndi, monga mmene analembera masiku tingachipeze powerenga nzeru zapamwamba Martin Heidegger, limaphunzitsa kanthu, koma kuti limaphunzitsa kuganiza chitsanzo chake.

Philosophy ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso sayansi, lamulo, zojambulajambula, makhalidwe. Komanso, ambiri a mitundu ya kutsitsimuka chikhalidwe mu nthawi yawo awonjezera chifukwa cha izo. Choyamba, nzeru anabadwa kuchokera zoyesayesa za anthu kufotokoza ndi kumvetsetsa m'dzikoli (mu auzimu ndi othandiza mawu). Nazo mbiri ya nzeru, amene akubwerera pafupifupi zaka zikwi zitatu, komanso mumaganiza zogwirizana ndi atulukira zaka mazana makumi awiri kupeza ntchito yaikulu ya nzeru. Kwenikweni awo imakhala chakuti nzeru akufunsa mafunso ndipo wakweza nkhani aatali dzikoli.

Mwa nzeru zaumunthu kudziwa kapangidwe, zinthu izi ndi inakula kwambiri ndi matanthauzo chifukwa mzake. Pamene zinthu nthanthi akuyesera kuti vuto la kukhala monga, asilikali kuti lotengeka ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi mitundu ya mfundo zofunika ndi siyana, ndiye izo zimatengera ntchito ontological. Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti "maphunziro azachilengedwe" anali anadzetsa nkhani za sayansi kokha m'zaka XVII, ndi embodiments zosiyanasiyana kumvetsa akupangidwa kuyambira kale. Koma chachikulu ntchito nzeru za sikuthetsa kumeneko. Osachepera, udindo wake ontological ndi chidziwitso ndi limodzi Chrixitu.

Philosophy, ndithudi, si Uwerenge sayansi monga sayansi yowona. Koma akafunsa kuti, n'zotheka bwanji theoretically, kuphatikizapo enieni a sayansi. Epistemology ikufotokoza mavuto, magwero, n'zotheka kudziwa, i kwa yonena ake ndi choonadi, ndipo ikubweretsa funso umodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa nzeru ndi luntha. ntchito Basic nzeru monga zofunikira ntchito nzeru zoterezi, monga sayansi njira. Izi chiphunzitso cha mfundo za kumvetsa dziko ndi zochitika payekha, komanso njira kuzindikira dongosolo. Komabe, ena nzeru kuzindikira knowability a dziko, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti njira sichichititsa choonadi.

Ntchito yaikulu ya nzeru osati kumvetsa a mitundu ongolankhula ndipo ndiyanzeru a zochita za anthu. Mmodzi wa maudindo ake n'kofunika kwambiri Praxeological kugwirizana ndi kusanthula ubale wa anthu, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. chitukuko anali chifukwa cha zosayembekezereka wa nzeru za mbiri, chipembedzo, aesthetics, chikhalidwe, ndale, ndi zina zotero. Mark ndi wapadera Mbali - nzeru za makhalidwe abwino. Ndi chiphunzitso za mfundo za tanthauzo konsekonse. Iwo kudziwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana, komanso muyezo chifukwa kusiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa, ndi kusankha pakati pawo. Axiological udindo wa nzeru ndi kuti amasanthula phindu lathu ndi maloto anthu, mwachidule zimene zinachitikira wauzimu wa mibadwo yambiri, kupereka mfundo chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, ndi kuchenjeza kunyalanyaza iwo.

Popeza mavuto onse nthanthi kusintha malamulo kudzera prism nzeru anthu, ali limodzi ku dongosolo siyana monga chikhulupiriro, chikondi, makhalidwe, maganizo imfa ndi zina zotero. Chikhalidwe cha mfundo anatsimikiza mtima siyana monga malo ofunika kapena unsembe.

Kuchokera pa lathu lino la munthu, yang'ana pa angasinthe akamanena za munthu ndi chikhalidwe chake wauzimu ndi chikhalidwe. Choncho, akulu njira akuwona ngati linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa zidole kumvera ndi voluntarist M'malo mwake, amanena za munthu ufulu mtheradi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito maganizo a anthu, kwambiri, n'kofunika kwambiri. Tikhoza kunena kuti udindo waukulu umene analimbikitsa m'zaka za mbiri ya anthu, ndi okhazikika, "zosasintha", ndi kupereka tithe kumvetsa miyeso osiyana a chidziwitso aumunthu.