Ntchito ya Pemphero

Akatswiri osiyana kudziwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nzeru. Ambiri a iwo. Maganizo ambiri ntchito zotsatirazi akuzindikiridwa nzeru.

Worldview - ndi nzeru za luso sayansi ndi kufotokoza chithunzi cha dziko ndi kuphatikiza odziwa sayansi zosiyanasiyana, ndiponso maluso miyambo. Iwo amakhala ndi njira umboni ndi ongolankhula kuti malongosoledwe a dziko. Chikutanthauza okha nzeru amasiyana wapawiri chikhalidwe, akuwonetseredwa mu kukoka, kapena sayansi, kapena pseudoscience.

Methodological - ndi kudziwa njira yabwino kukwaniritsa zolinga zina, monga kumanga sayansi, mchitidwe chitukuko kapena chilengedwe zokongoletsa. Amatanthauza njira zimenezi ndi mfundo za kanthu, amene amakhala wachibadidwe ndi si zenizeni. njira zakale anafotokoza kuti njira zimenezi. Philosophy ntchito kwakukulukulu umalimbana angalongosolere zili zoyamba za sayansi ndi mchitidwe.

Nzeru imalimbikitsa chiphunzitso cha njira wamba, komanso mndandanda wa njira cognition ofanana ndi sayansi polimbana ndi chidziwitso cha dziko.

Mchitidwe - akuoneka bwino kwambiri ndi zomwe zagwiridwa mosamala kwambiri kwa anthu. Philosophy amatchedwa kulingalira anthu. Choncho, zilibe kuchepetsa yekha kufikako mwangwiro sayansi, komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino ndiponso zokongoletsa.

Othandiza - ndi nkhawa za umoyo wa anthu, kuti ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Prognostic - formulates kungoganizira za mumaganiza ambiri chitukuko cha nkhaniyi, dziko la kutsitsimuka, munthu. Mwina Mapa ukuwonjezeka ndi mmene nzeru zachokera kwa sayansi.

Tili - anafotokoza kuti amalanga ena, ndi nzeru yokha. Kuyambira kale zotuluka pa mfundo za sayansi ndi zopanda wa padzuwa la kukaikira onse. Tikutanthauza si umboni nihilism, ndi kutsutsa zaphindu, zochokera negation dialectical.

Axiological - kugwirizana ndi kufufuza mayeso chinthu cha mmene timaonera zinthu zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe: makhalidwe abwino, chikhalidwe, maganizo, zokongoletsa, etc.

Ntchito chikhalidwe cha nzeru m'malo m'zigawozigawo mu okhutira ndi Kuphunzira mbali ya anthu. Philosophy amakwaniritsa ntchito wapawiri - kufotokoza komanso moyo kumathandiza bwino ake auzimu ndiponso akuthupi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nzeru ali ankatenga wapadera wa chitukuko mfundo wamba kuphatikiza ndi kusakanikirana kwa anthu.

Cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza amaganizira ndi zopanga zolinga losonkhanitsidwa ndi chitsogozo cha khama la anthu adagwirizana. The umoyo mfundo nthanthi Mungasankhe aliyense amatha kumvetsa ndi kuvomereza. Choncho nzeru ndi amene ali womveka mwa mwachibadwa, azilankhula ndi aliyense.

Ntchito nzeru za chikhalidwe akuwonetseredwa paliponse wa ntchito kwa anthu, komanso anthu. Onse chibadidwe nzeru maudindo, mbali ndi specifications mwa njira iliyonse kutanthauza nkhani ya sayansi chikhalidwe ndi anzake awo.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya nzeru mu chikhalidwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Plato chimene bwino chinamulowerera ndi nthano. Roman Asitoiki akutembenukira ku mtundu wa yolalikira abwino. Mu Middle Ages nzeru anali mdzakazi wa zamulungu. Mu masiku ano izo ziyenera mfundo sayansi. Today nzeru chasanduka ndi coherent sayansi.

Nchito zonse za nzeru umanena dialectically. Aliyense wa iwo, kumlingo zikuphatikizapo onse. Ambiri a iwo kuchita ndi limodzi, mwachitsanzo, maganizo ndi methodological, methodological ndi epistemological, chikhalidwe, anthu, etc. Kokha kupyolera kukhulupirika ndi mgwirizano wa mbali kuwawonetsera chikhalidwe ndi kulunjika nzeru za sayansi.