Mbiri ya "Vasiliya Terkina" - ndakatulo Twardowski

owerenga ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mzere woyamba wa wotchuka "Books za msilikali" A. Twardowski anaonekera mu 1942, ndi chifanizo cha khalidwe waukulu anachititsa potsatira zochitika za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pakadali pano, vuto ndi yosiyana ndi kutchula koyamba za kulimba woumba Terkina kunayamba nthawi ya Chirasha Chifinishi nkhondo. Kumbukirani, potengera umboni wa mwini, chimene ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ndakatuloyi.

"Vasily Terkin" - chiyambi

Mu 1939, pamene msonkhano anayamba ndi finami, A. Twardowski ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Kuteteza Mama". Panthawi imeneyi, izo mumaganiza gulu kulenga kuti abwere ndi fano la kusindikiza otchulidwa zoseketsa - makonzedwe kufika ndi zosangalatsa womenya amene anali kuoneka pa masamba a m'buku, limodzi ndi anasaina ndakatulo. dzina ngwazi za sizinayambe nthawi imodzi: anasefa zingapo zimene mungachite asanathetse pa mbiya yosavuta ofunda - monga icho chinali kutchedwa pa nthawi. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya "Vasiliya Terkina", lomwe pafupifupi aliyense wowerenga Soviet.

mwangozi

Mwa njira, mu Maulendo Ake Twardowski limatiuza mmene kamodzi, mu zaka za nkhondo, analandira kalata amene wolemba anali chidwi chifukwa mbali yaikulu - waulemerero wankhondo Soviet asilikali - dzina la khalidwe lina zolembalemba. Mwamwayi, anati Tvardovsky, pamaso amene anabwera buku P. Boborykin a dzina lomweli. Only Basil Terkin ndi mwachinyengo wamalonda fixers ndi wachinyengo. Wolemba ndakatulo amazindikira kuti, nditalandira kalata, anapeza, ndi wopanda zambiri zosangalatsa kuwerenga ntchito, koma dzina la ngwazi wake anaganiza kusintha. Kapena kani, sanali angagwirizanitse zimenezo kuti mwangozi ngati - makamaka, kuti mbiri ya ndakatuloyi "Vasily Terkin" kwenikweni analibe ubale uliwonse kwa buku - ndipo anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mu njira yomweyo.

Koma kubwerera ku "mabuku womenya munthu."

Kukula kwa lingaliro maganizo

Wolemba ndakatulo anakumbukira kulimba ngwazi, kale ankakonda owerenga nyuzipepala "Kuteteza Mama", m'chaka cha 40. Izo zinachitika kuti pa 39 makalata, monga anafunira, ndalemba satires imodzi kapena awiri, ndiyeno kuchita ntchito zina. Only Shcherbakov kwa nthawi yaitali anatembenukira kwa fano, zimene anthu ochepa kwambiri Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri. Tsopano Twardowski anali kuganizira mmene kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake ya luso - ndipo izo zimayenera kukhala ndakatulo - ndi ngwazi za nkhani satirical ndi kuopsa adamfunsa zenizeni. Ndipo anayamba kukhudza mu kukumbukira zonse zimene kugwirizana ndi Chifinishi nkhondo, kuphatikizapo nkhani anaona anapita Vyborg, mobwerezabwereza nkhani mabuku, ndi zina zotero. N. Komabe, kulemba ntchito, momwe munakonzera, kwa TH 41 sizinayende, kenako nkhondo inayambika. Chifukwa, mbiri ya chilengedwe "Vasiliya Terkina" nthawi zina kumangidwanso kwa kuganizira zikuchokera chiwembu, fano la protagonist lapansi.

1942

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira Twardowski nkhondo anatumizidwa kunkhondo ngati mtolankhani wina. Mu miyezi, ndi mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi kutentha, sizinali mpaka ndakatuloyi. Kale izo anatuluka mu mutu wanga lingaliro anali kulephereka mpaka chilimwe 42-TH, pamene mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" afika kupitiriza ake. Koma tsopano anayenera kukhala mankhwala a nkhondo ina - anthu Soviet ndi ankhondowo lopondereza. Ndi ngwazi ya Vasi anatembenukira kwa Basil, munthu alimi Russian tirigu, ntchito, mosatopa ntchito, amene anaimirira kuteteza dziko.

Chaputala choyamba cha ntchito yatsopano Aleksandra Trifonovicha anaonekera pamaso pa za manyuzipepala mu September. Ndiye ndakatulo ndi zambiri osindikizidwa mu Mabaibulo ambiri, kupezeka ngati asilikali chikumenyana ndi amene anakhalabe mu kumbuyo. Mmodzi iye anathandiza kuona mavuto moyo kutsogolo, winayo - kuyembekezera banja nkhondo woopsa. "Bukhulo ndi za msilikali" okondedwa ndi owerenga zonse, ndipo aliyense analindirira mitu watsopano, ngwazi amene anali msilikali ndi dzina yosavuta Russian - fano yatsopano analilenga A. Twardowski - Vasily Terkin.

Mbiri ya ndakatuloyi panthawi ya nkhondo

Ntchito walembedwa pa 45 chaka, ngakhale kuti anali adakali mu TH 43, atatha ovulala bwino machiritso ndi kubwerera kwa wopambana mu dongosolo, wolemba ankaganiza kuti anadza kuti chomaliza. Owerenga anadumphirapo, akufuna kupitiriza ndakatulo, amene anali Sibwino amati, monga ananenera Twardowski. Basil Terkin, mbiri ya chilengedwe cha umenenso inakulitsidwa, kamodzinso anayenda masamba a manyuzipepala ndi magazini.

ntchito umalimbikitsa magawo chachikulu cha nkhondo: ndi mthunzi oopsa miyezi chake choyamba, nkhondo anakhala inasintha, ulendo wopambana kumadzulo. Panali ngakhale chikhumbo kutumiza ngwazi kumbuyo kwa dziko la Germany, koma Twardowski posakhalitsa anasiya ndondomeko zimenezi, kusankha kuti kodi kusokoneza chonse mankhwala kapangidwe ndi kupanga mbiri payekha msilikali.

Olembedwa pa nkhondo ndinalandira kwambiri makalata, kumene izo anatsatira owerenga ndi chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri ya "Vasiliya Terkina", makamaka ngati munthu alipo, anafotokoza mu ndakatuloyi ndi, makamaka. Ndipo pamene ngwazi anali ambiri namesakes - mmodzi wa iwo, Viktor Vasilevich Terkin anapempha kusintha dzina lake wake - kotero yankho anali nthawi categorical: Basil Terkin - zopeka kwathunthu khalidwe ndipo alibe zinachitika kwenikweni. Iye anapangidwa kuchokera anaona munthu wa wolemba ndi ophatikizapo mbali yabwino ya Angachitsekereze Russian.

Tsalani bwino kuti ngwazi

Mbiri ya "Vasiliya Terkina" umatha ndi chigonjetso m'chaka cha '45. Mu May, Twardowski limafalitsa m'mutu womaliza "Kuchokera wolemba" limene limanena kuti bids nalo msilikali. Ndipo ngakhale kuti iye anali kamodzinso wotsimikizira za kufunika kupitiliza nchito, iye anaumirirabe: Terkina patapita nthawi. Malinga ndi iye, tsopano mu nthawi ya mtendere, tiyenera chikhalidwe chosiyana.

Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri ya "Vasiliya Terkina" mwachidule anafotokoza pamaziko a Nkhani A. Twardowski "Monga zalembedwa," Vasily Terkin (yankho owerenga). "

m'malo epilogue ndi

Kale mu zaka pambuyo nkhondo, podziwa kutchuka zosaneneka za ndakatulo ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu, ambiri olemba oipa analenga "kupitiriza" wa Zopatsa la ngwazi, ngakhalenso "onyenga" odziwika buku. Yankho iwo anali kuti ndakatulo - izo mobwerezabwereza anatsindika Twardowski - "Vasily Terkin", mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Yehova amene akambidwa ndi wolemba, bwino ndipo bwerelani izo mtsogolo sayembezereka.