Nthawi yoganiza: zida za mawonekedwe a thupi lolimba

Nthawi yowonjezereka ikukamba za malamulo ofunika, ofunika kwambiri. Zili zokhudzana kwambiri ndi kuyanjana kwa malo a dziko lapansi limene ife tonse tikukhalamo. Chifukwa cha lamulo la kusungirako, mphindi ya chidziwitso chimayesa malamulo enieni a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimakhalapo kwa ife. Chiwerengero ichi chimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kumasulira kapena kuyendayenda.

Nthawi yomwe imatuluka, yomwe imatchedwanso "kinetic", "angular" ndi "orbital", ndizofunika kwambiri, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi lanu, zomwe zimagawidwa mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a kusintha ndi kuyendayenda. Pano ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti mu kayendedwe ka makina ali ndi kutanthauzira kwakukulu. Ngakhale kuyendetsa kanthawi kochepa komwe kunadodometsedwa pakadali malo kungatengedwe ngati kusinthasintha, kuchitenga ngati chithunzi cholingalira.

Nthaŵi ya malamulo ndi malamulo a kusungirako zinakhazikitsidwa ndi Rene Descartes monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pamasinthidwe omasulira . Zoonadi, sananene za kusungira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake . Patangotha zaka zana limodzi, Leonard Euler, ndiyeno katswiri wina wa sayansi ya sayansi, sayansi ya masamu Daniel Bernoulli, pophunzira kuti kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo kuzungulira pakati, adatsimikizira kuti lamuloli likuchitiranso kuti anthu asamukire mumlengalenga.

Maphunziro ena adatsimikiziranso kuti, popanda kutuluka kunja, chiwerengero cha chigwirizano cha maulendo onse ndi kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kake ndipo mtunda wopita pakati pa kasinthasintha sungasinthe. Pambuyo pake, wasayansi wa ku France Patrick Darcy, mawu awa anafotokozedwa kudzera m'madera omwe anatuluka ndi makina oyang'ana pazigawo zapakati pa nthawi yomweyo. Izi zinapangitsa kufotokozera nthawi yomwe mwatsatanetsatane wa mfundo zakuthupi ndi zina zotchuka zakuthambo zakuthambo, makamaka, ku malo ofunika kwambiri ponena za kayendetsedwe ka mapulaneti a Johannes Kepler.

Kuwonjezereka kwazomwe kuli kolimba ndikumasintha kwakukulu kwachitatu, kumene malamulo a chitetezo chofunikira amagwiritsira ntchito. Limanena kuti mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi mtundu wa kayendetsedwe kopanda kukhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera, izi zowonongeka zapadera zimakhalabe zosasintha. Chizindikiro ichi chakuthupi chimatha kusintha kokha ngati pali nthawi ya nonzero ya zochita.

Kuchokera mulamulo ili, M = 0, kusintha kulikonse pakati pa thupi (dongosolo la zinthu zakuthupi) ndi chigawo chachikulu cha kuzungulira sikudzetsa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kuyendayenda kwake kuzungulira pakati. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wa masewera olimbitsa thupi amachititsa chidwi kuti apange maulendo angapo m'mlengalenga, poyamba amayendetsa thupi lake mumtambo. Ndipo ballerinas kapena zojambulajambula, kuthamanga mu pirouettes, kukweza manja awo kumbali, ngati akufuna kuchepetsa kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo makamaka, kuwapititsa ku thupi pamene ayesa kuthamanga mofulumira. Choncho, masewera ndi masewero olimbitsa malamulo a chirengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.