Nyanja akuya mu dziko. Kuya ndi aukhondo nyanja

"Baikal Zingaoneke, ndi kupondereza anthu ndi ukulu wake ndi kukula - izo zonse zazikulu, zonse bwino, mosatekeseka, ndi wosamvetsetseka - izo M'malo mwake, zimautsa." Awa ndi mawu a Rasputin, makamaka bwanji tsogolo la Russian Ufumu, chimphona imagwira Russia ndi dziko mpaka tsopano.

Koma ndi chiyani icho kwenikweni? ngati chithunzichi ndi osiyana mu chikumbumtima cha zooneka ndi maso apaulendo, alendo, ojambula, ofufuza? ndi nyanja akuya mu dziko kwenikweni chiyani? Tiyeni tiyese kuphunzira Baikal pafupi.

Baikal komwe iye anapita?

Baikal - ndi mng'alu mu matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi m'nyanja akuya mu dziko ili pakati pa Asia, pakati Buryatia ndi Irkutsk dera. Depression ndiko kuchimake kwa otchedwa Baikal Rift zone chiphalaphala umene likamatenthetsa makungwa ndi zimafalikira m'mbali. Chifukwa cha, Lake Baikal ikukula pa masentimita 2 pa chaka, ndipo m'tsogolo adzakhala zonse kunachitika nyanja. Ngakhale madzi kotero kuti munthu aliyense padziko lapansi Kumkwanira malita miliyoni 3.2.

Iye akhapidziwa kuti mapangidwe beseni anayamba mozungulira miliyoni 25-20 zaka zapitazo. Koma chifukwa cha maulendowa "wazolengedwa pa Baikal" mu 2009, akatswiri ofufuza Ulan-Ude pa nyanja pansi mapiri matope anapeza kuti, malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa, anapanga miyala ya mchenga ndi matope pansi. Chotero anapeza "mphamvu" thupi la madzi zaka 150 zikwi, ndi gombe - mpaka 8000.

Anthu nyanja ya Baikal ndi nthano zawo

Zotsatira za kafukufuku pofukula Irkutsk State University ananena kuti zaka 3000 zapitazo anali anthu Huns m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baikal. zaka 2000-1500 zapitazo, anasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu Turkic olankhula, ndipo kenaka - mu zaka 7-8 - ndi Mongol.

Kwa zaka 12-13. BC lokhalamo Baikal Barghouti amene patsogolo pake anakankhira Buryats moyo pa nyanja kutali. Baikal ndi wopatulika kwa Buryats. Pali nthano zambiri za chiyambi chake.

Mmodzi wa iwo amadzinenera kuti nyanja akuya mu dziko anadza ku mtima wa mlendo, amene anatentha pansi bwinobwino. Kuchokera pansi pa dziko lapansi adakhuthuka mtsinje wa madzi nadzaza dzenje.

Lili mu chinsinsi ndi zigwa ndi mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, Ula kugwedezeka pa chilumba. Amadutsa mawilo ake zosatheka. Only kavalo kapena aŵiri. Onse chifukwa mwini amakhala ku mwala wa Angara, Ama Sagan-Noyon. Ndipo Ula mwala - ndi chidutswa cha mwala, omwe Baikal anapha mwana wake Angara.

Chifukwa "Baikal"?

Mwina, kamodzi kukhala kudera Baikal Turkey otchedwa nyanja akuya mu dziko kugula-Kul, kutanthauza "wolemera nyanja". Zikuoneka kuti ndi Mongolian Baigal wotchedwa Dalai, kutanthauza "chachikulu nyanja" ndipo anakhala dzina lake.

Kupezeka kwa nyanja Baikal

Mkubwela kwa anthu on Lake Baikal anayamba kuphunzira. Zotsatira za "sayansi" wa anthu akale Tingaone pa Cape Ludar m'mapanga ndi ziboliboli za Neolithic m'mbiri Chinese a nyengo ya chikhristu.

Poyambira kuphunzira Nyanja Baikal Russian tinganene kuti pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17. Mu 1643 Kurbat Ivanov anatsegula nyanja. Avvakum Petrov, woyamba kufotokoza pa pepala chimphona otchuka. Mu 1667, nyanja akuya mu dziko kwa nthawi yoyamba ali pa mapu "chojambulidwa Siberia Land", ndipo kenaka, Nikolai Spafary analongosola mwasayansi.

Education Academy of Sciences linapereka kuphunzira wa nyanza. Kuyambira 1723 m'dera Baikal inachitika enieni cartographic, hydrographic ulendo, akhala kujambula mapu, atapereka malingaliro za chiyambi cha thupi madzi.

patsogolo sayansi ndi luso m'zaka za m'ma 20 chinachititsa kuphunzira Nyanja Baikal kuti ro. Kuyenda pansi pa madzi pa nyanja magalimoto, kuphatikizapo ndi ofufuza pa bolodi pobowola pansi, ntchito neutrino zakutali - nyanja akuya mu Russia amapereka kuthekera yaikulu kafukufuku wa sayansi.

Baikal nyama ndi zomera

Mkulu zitunda ndi zidikha zozama, steppe ndi nayonso, madzi wapadera - zinthu chitukuko cha dziwe zinyama ndi dera Baikal. Nyanja akuya mu dziko - chitsanzo chabwino cha topezeka chatsekedwa.

Umapezeka mitundu yoposa 50 ya nsomba, 27 umene - ali kuderako, amene sanapezeke kwina kulikonse. Cisco, kansomba, Pike, nsomba, Amur mlamba - zonse kochulukira kuposa kuya ndi aukhondo nyanja, inu dzina izo.

Nkhalango yozungulira nyanjayi, wodzazidwa ndi oposa 80 230 mitundu ya mbalame ndi nyama motero. Chimbalangondo, Boar zakutchire, cormorants, mbawala, Siberia Blue Robin, mphungu, mphalapala, musk nswala, wolverine, sable, chisindikizo, chizindikiro cha zinyama nyanja ya Baikal - ili ndi mndandanda chosakwanira zamoyo, kunachitika nkhalango kutetezedwa ndi madzi posungira ndi. Siberia larch, Mumapezekanso, 37 mitundu, mkungudza, wapadera algae - ndi zomera wapadera.

kuopseza zachilengedwe

Dera la dera Baikal, ogaŵikana nkhokwe 5 ndi 3 zinyama, akufunikira chitetezo. The '66 za m'ma 20 pa gombe kum'mwera anapatsidwa mu zamkati ndi pepala mphero. Kuyambira ife akudalira milandu zachilengedwe.

Chomera chakupha effluents zinachititsa kuti boma zoopsa mamita 10 mbali zonse zinayi. Km ndi madzi pamwamba pa 70 sq. m'dera kuchokera pansi. phenols MPC, petrochemicals, sulphates kuposa nthawi zina.

Kuti kuipitsidwa kwa zamkati ndi mphero pepala mu 90s mochedwa anawonjezera mobisa mafuta nyanja. matani 18 zikwi a mafuta mu galasi fakitale dera Ulan-Ude Baikal anaopseza udindo.

The Baikal amakhala?

Bola ngati chilengedwe si zoipa kwathunthu, nyanja akuya mu Russia wakudya onse.

Alenje foraged ringed chisindikizo - nyama, khungu, mafuta. Asodzi kugulitsa Cisco m'njira zitatu, komanso ng'ombe zake, Grayling, burbot. Kansomba - nsomba, theka ongokhala mafuta mwachangu anagulitsa kwa alendo.

Pine mtedza, paini mtedza mafuta, udzu Siberia, zodzikongoletsera ku charoite m'dera - wapadera mwala Lilac, alendo, zoimbira - zonse zikuchitika pa malonda.

Ice ndi Baikal

Pankhani ayezi - kuchokera October mpaka June - moyo wa anthu amasintha. Anglers kupita mosamala pa ayezi nsomba, kukwera pa mbali Irkutsk Buryats. Koma magalimoto samayamba kufikira February - pambuyo mtima wathunthu ya matanthwe a.

Ice kumabweretsa ngozi. Hummocks msinkhu wa munthu si loopsa. Iwo akhoza kuyendetsa mozungulira. Waipitsa amakhala lisaoneke. Mwadzidzidzi atsegula ndi chinachita phokoso, ambiri amatsegula pakamwa pake, izo zimatenga onse ozungulira. Njira yoopsa anapha oposa zana osazindikira.

M'nyengo yozizira ayezi limakula cm 100-120, nthawi zina 150. Pa nthawi yomweyo n'zodabwitsa wonyezimira ngati galasi. Ice kumatenga mpaka chiyambi cha June. Back mu May, n'zotheka kuyenda mu zovala chilimwe, chifukwa nyengo wofatsa kudera Baikal la Siberia m'nyengo yozizira pafupifupi masiku -20 ndi dzuwa kuposa m'madera kum'mwera kwa dzikoli.

Tchuthi on Lake Baikal

Chikhalidwe zachilendo ndi yaikulu kukongola anakokera kwa campers wake. M'nyengo yozizira, nyanja akuya mu dziko chimakakamiza kutsetsereka, siketing'i, snowboarding, snowmobiling, kuchokera msewu magalimoto, kuchita ayezi nsomba ndi kusaka. Photos ku Baikal opangidwa amazipanga kukongola ndi wokongola.

Mukhoza kukhala pa malo zosangalatsa. Iwo makamaka ili mu mbali Irkutsk. Buryat - makamaka nkhokwe.

Mkubwela chilimwe, pali zisangalalo zatsopano. The choyala wa madzi atamukoka kiteboarders, kayakers ndi Amateurs bata maulendo madzi pa ngalawa. Mapiri ndi nkhalango abwino kwa phiri kupalasa, kutsikatsika ndi kukwera katundu. Kupambana pa phiri angayamikire Cherskii okwera - mamita 2588 ndi kalasi 2A.

Kutenga kuviika mu Nyanja Baikal - ndi feat. Kuposa madigiri 12 madzi kutentha sasefukira. Ngakhale kuti mchenga pa magombe a muyezo wapamwamba. Ngati inu simukufuna kuchoka popanda chithunzi okha mu madzi a nyanza, m'pofunika kuyang'ana kumalo. Monga madzi umafunda iwo wamphamvu. Mukhozanso kukaona otchedwa Nyanja Small. Izi ndi khwalala umene umawalekanitsa okwana madzi m'dera la chilumba Olkhon.

Nyanja Baikal - nyanja akuya mu dziko - abwino holide banja. maofesi zosangalatsa kupereka chipinda chitonthozo lonse yofanana. Geothermal ndi matsenga mpweya kuchiritsa munthu wina ndi moyo.