Odula manja - ndichiyani? History ndi terminology

Limodzi mwa makhalidwe zofunikira za boma lililonse, pamodzi ndi mbendera ndi nyimbo ndi chida cha nkhondo. Kodi yochepa mawu, zinachokera ku chinenero Polish, amene amatchulidwa mu masiku akale, ochepa mukudziwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake inu mwina mukhoza kufuna kudziwa mbiri ya mafanowo. Komanso imachititsa chidwi kutanthauzira kwa ena otchulidwa zokongoletsera izi kapena kuti chizindikiro wotchuka.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Polish "chizindikiro" chinenero zikumveka ngati "therere» (therere). Mawu amenewa ndi Baibulo olakwika mawu German kuti anamasuliridwa kuti "chizindikiro". Poyambirira winawake chizindikiro chosiyana umene munaupereka kwa anthu. Chovala manja akuonetsedwa zinthu kuimira mwiniwake (munthu mtundu, kalasi, dziko kapena mumzinda).

nkhani

Kuphunzira chiyambi chovala cha kunkhondo chamamba amachita manja ndi heraldry - sayansi, amene anayambitsa mu Ages Middle. Izi ndi lalikulu chilango mbiri kumene kumatsimikizira zomwe zizindikiro ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pagulu kapena banja odula manja, ndi zina zotero, ndi Ikufotokozanso tanthauzo la akalumikidzidwa ena.

Ambiri amadabwa za chovala manja ndi fano chishango, zida ndi zovala Ankhondo a anayamba kuvala chifukwa cha kufunika nkhondo chisoti ndi visor a. Iye anasokonezeka kuona munthu ndi kupeza kuti mdani kapena angakuthandizeni, choncho akufunika chinachake chimene chikanakhoza kudziwa msilikali. Makamaka zinali zofunika pa Nkhondo za Mtanda, pamene asilikali a Ankhondo, akubwera kuchokera ku Ulaya, inkakhala oimira ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Popeza ambiri zizindikiro kusonyeza dziko ndi umembala wa banja makamaka lolemera, utoto zishango, zizindikiro ndi ambiri ndi mtundu umenewu lero.

Chithunzi choyamba cha mtundu kunayamba 1127-mamita (nkutheka, 1128-m) chaka. Izi chishango ndi 6 golide mkango pa munda azure. Amaganiza kuti analandiridwa ndi wachisanu Geoffrey wa Anjou monga mphatso ukwati Mfumu Henry Woyamba.

zinthu

Odula manja a anthu a masiku akale akhoza kukuuzani za mwiniwake kwambiri ndipo anali ngati pasipoti la mwini. Iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri, pamene pali mfundo zambiri sichinasinthe. The terminology awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti:

• Chisoti - chizindikiro amafotokozera, ili pamwamba chikopa;
• heraldic chishango - maziko pa zimene zinasonyeza zilembo zazikulu ndi zithunzi;
• .. Namet, mwachitsanzo chinang'ambika kuti shreds Shlemova bulangeti, ambiri ali ndi mbali kumtunda kwa mtundu umodzi monga waukulu enamel chizindikiro;
• Crest - chithunzi pamwambapa chisotichi;
• korona - fano amene akukhala pamwamba chishango ndi kuonetsera udindo ang'onoang'ono a mwini;
• Othandiza - anthu, lanthano (. Capricorn, khosi, chinjoka, etc.), kapena nyama akalumikidzidwa, anakonza mbali ya sitampu pepala;
• chobvala;
• Mwambi.

Tamga

Zovala za manja - ndi Kutulukira European. Komabe, akudzizindikiritsa zithunzi generic amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Alans ndi anthu Turkic. Iwo anali mu mawonekedwe a zizindikiro ndi otchedwa tamga. Mwa zizindikiro wotchuka wa mtundu uwu angatchedwe zizindikiro generic wa Tamerlane ndi Crimea Gera. Iwo mwapadera ku Ulaya, zambiri achidule ndi zambiri osakaniza mosiyanasiyana yosavuta zojambula.

Russian odula manja

chizindikiro yofunika imeneyi statehood wathu 4 hugolny wofiira heraldic chishango. Iwo akunena golide awiri mphungu, amene anaukitsa mapiko anaweramuka. Iwo aposa ndi 2 akorona yaing'ono. Pamwamba pawo pali wina - kwambiri. Ufulu mphamvu nkhuku - ndodo ndi kumanzere mphungu likhale mphamvu. Pachifuwa pake chimasonyeza wofiira chishango wokwera siliva pa kavalo chomwecho. Iye anali kuvala modzilemekeza buluu, ndipo analasa wakuda chinjoka, kavalo kuponderezedwa.

Pa nthawi imene mbendera, chizindikiro, nyimbo dziko lathu kulengedwa zaka zosiyana. Ndipo ukuimira kwambiri, chifukwa zikutanthauza kupitiriza kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana statehood Russian.

Zovala za manja a ena mwa mayiko a Federation ndi Russian

Russia - boma feduro. Amakhala ndi mayiko 21. Onse ali ndi zizindikiro.

• Imodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu za la Russia ndi a Tatarstan. Republic odula manja ozungulira mawonekedwe, ndi nyalugwe, mbalame imene amakedzana anali woyang'anira woyera wa ana ndi mulungu wobereketsa mu Volga Bulgars. Maziko ndi dzuwa wofiira, kusonyeza chimwemwe ndi moyo. Kumbali ya nyalugwe akufotokozedwa aster, kuonetsera moyo wautali.
• Izo ziyenera kuwauza nkhani ya chovala manja Bashkortostan. Lilinso ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira. Iwo amaonetsera Kukwera Akavalo chipilala kuti Salavat Yulaev ndi dzuwa likutuluka, ndipo m'munsi - kurai inflorescence, amene amaona chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima kwa anthu.
• Kalmykia odula manja akunena 4 ananamizira bwalo chosonyeza mafuko mgwirizano Kalmyk makolo. Ndi looneka wofiira ngayaye. Njirayi imatchedwa Ulan holo, ndipo m'zaka 15 Toyon Taisha kazembe analamula ake kuvala chipewa Kalmyks onse. Komanso, pali choyimira cha mpango woyera. Ndi nsembe ya okhulupirika mu kachisi ngati chizindikiro zolinga mtendere, ubwino, ndi kuwolowa manja ndiponso kuchuluka.
• Odula manja Dagestan - ndi heraldic chishango ozungulira mawonekedwe zoyera. Mu malo ake ndi golide mphungu. Pamwamba mbalame ali chithunzithunzi cha dzuwa, mphonje chokongoletsera. Pansi pa chikopa heraldic utoto woyera ndi golide mapiri achisanu, nyanja ndi kumveka. Ngakhale m'munsimu chikusonyeza kugwirana chanza, ndi mbali zonse - heraldic riboni limene limati "Republic of Dagestan".
• choyimira chithunzi Kabardin Balkaria chofiira ali mawonekedwe a chishango ochiritsira. Iwo akunena golide mphungu ndi diso azure. Pachifuwa pake ndi chishango mbalame anawoloka. Pamwamba ndi chifaniziro cha phiri siliva ndi mapiri awiri mu munda azure, ndi pansi - utoto golide pa munda wobiriwira.
• Republic Odula Altai ndi bwalo lomwe m'mphepete mwa Mzere yopapatiza ya golide. Pa maziko buluu amasonyeza atatu mutu nsonga ya phiri Belukha. Pamunsipa (pakati pa bwalo) ndi Griffin woyera ndi mutu mbalameyo thupi mkango. Pansi pa chovala manja amaonetsera mtsinje Biya ndi Katun makhwawa. Pakati pa iwo ndi golide miyendo itatu.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa terminology amene kufotokoza chovala manja. Kodi heraldry ndi chifukwa Ankhondo utoto zishango zawo, monga mukudziwa, ndipo mudzatha kugunda nzeru zake za abwenzi ndi kuthandiza nkhani yaing'ono.