Pafupifupi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za khansa chifukwa cha "zolakwika" mwachisawawa mu DNA

Cancer amayamba ndi zolakwa DNA, ndipo phunziro la wapeza kuti nthawi zambiri pakutchulidwa khansa, zolakwitsa awa mwachisawawa mwamtheradi. Iwo anachititsa ndi kutengera za kumtundu kapena zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi chifukwa cha zolakwa mwachisawawa.

phunziro limanena kuti kulakwitsa kapena masinthidwe amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha zotupa oncological, chifukwa ngakhale kakang'ono DNA zolakwa zingachititse chakuti maselo ndidzachulukitsa kwambiri.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti masinthidwe awa chikwiyire makamaka mwa zinthu ziwiri: mwina kusintha ali ndi maziko chibadwa, kapena chifukwa cha zinthu zina, amene angathe kuwononga DNA, monga fodya kapena cheza ultraviolet.

Koma chifukwa wachitatu lagona pa cholakwa mwachisawawa. The watsopano lipoti sayansi m'magazini yotchedwa Science ananena kuti chinthu ichi makamaka ndi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za masinthidwe amenewa. Pamene khungu ukugawa, izo magazini DNA ake. Kotero kuti maselo osiyanasiyana adzakhala ndi Baibulo zake zakuthupi chibadwa. Koma nthawi iliyonse pali buku, ilo imatheka chifukwa cha cholakwa wotsatira. Nthawi zina, zolakwa zimenezi kungachititse kuti khansa.

asayansi kafukufuku

"Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti khansa chidzasintha mu thupi, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira za chilengedwe", - anati kafukufuku mkulu Dr. Bert Vogelstein, ndi dokotala wodziwa za vutoli Center zovuta chithandizo Sidney Kimmel Cancer pa Dzhona Hopkinsa University.

Latsopano la sayansi asayansi kafukufuku cholinga kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa matenda a khansa chifukwa cha chibadwa, chilengedwe ndi zolakwa mwachisawawa. Asayansi apanga masamu lachitsanzo monga kafukufuku akaundula a odwala khansa padziko lonse, komanso zizindikiro za DNA molumikiza.

zolakwa mwachisawawa

phunziro kukusonyeza kuti mwina 66% ya khansa ankayambitsa ndi zolakwa mwachisawawa 29% ya khansa anali amayamba ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kapena njira yolakwika ya moyo. Ndipo zochepa 5% milandu khansa anali choyambitsa heritable masinthidwe.

Ofufuzawa dziwani kuti ziyenera izi zimasiyanasiyana penapake anthu asayansi ena amene ankaphunzira khansa. Mwachitsanzo, UK kafukufuku ndodo kuti 42% ya khansa akhoza kupewedwa ndi kusintha moyo odwala.

Mu pepala sayansi ananena kuti mitundu ina ya khansa, mwachitsanzo, monga zotupa ubongo ndi Prostate pafupi kwathunthu anafotokoza ndi zolakwa mwachisawawa. Asayansi apeza kuti zolakwa mwachisawawa anachititsa oposa 95% milandu amene kale kafukufuku.

Graphic kuphunzira chifaniziro

Pa limodzi la ofufuza zithunzi ntchito mtundu wofiira kusonyeza kuchuluka zotupa khansa mu akazi. Matenda zimachitika masinthidwe tinatengera inali kumanzere. Anthu amene anali ku zolakwa mwachisawawa - pakati, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe - kumanja.

Pakuti aliyense mtundu ankaimira anthu limba limene limafotokoza chinthu chimene makamaka kwa woyera (0%) wofiira (100%).

Khansa anali kudziŵika monga:

• B - ubongo.
• Bl - chikhodzodzo.
• Br - pachifuwa.
• C - khomo lachiberekero.
• Kr - colorectal.
• E - kum'mero.
• HN - mutu ndi khosi.
• K - Mphukira.
• Lee - chiwindi.
• Lk - khansa.
• Lou - kuwala.
• M - khansa.
• NHL - lymphoma sanali Hodgkin a.
• O - yamchiberekero.
• P - kapamba.
• S - m'mimba.
• Th - mabele England.
• U - chiberekero.

Mphamvu ya zinthu zina

Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya asayansi ena khansa zinthu zachilengedwe kumathandiza chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, kungasokoneze wa chilengedwe makamaka kusuta anachititsa 65% milandu onse khansa ya m'mapapo. Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti% 35 okha matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo chifukwa cha zolakwa mwachisawawa.

"The kusintha okha selo n'zokayikitsa kuyambitsa khansa," - anati Vogelstein, kulankhula ndi lipoti sayansi anawakonzera John Hopkins. "M'malo mwake, zambiri pali kusintha kwambiri, n'zotheka kuti maselo adzakhala zilonda," - anati katswiri.

Kuphatikiza zolakwa DNA ndi zinthu zina

"Choncho, masinthidwe ku zolakwa mwachisawawa okwanira kuyambitsa khansa, amene akufotokozera yokha zina", - anati Vogelstein. Koma, malinga ndi wasayansi, mu zina, osakaniza zolakwa mwachisawawa komanso zolakwa chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe, pamapeto pake zikubweretsa Cell khansa. Mwachitsanzo, maselo a khungu ndi kusintha m'mene ziriri pano chifukwa cha zolakwa mwachisawawa komanso kukhudzana ndi kuwala ultraviolet. "Zinthu zimenezi zikhoza kuwonjezera masinthidwe kwambiri chopatsa khansa," - anati Vogelstein.

Zifukwa zitatu masinthidwe pa mlingo ma

Mkhristu Tomasetti, Gwirizanani Professor wa Biostatistics pa Johns Hopkins, ananena zinthu zitatu masinthidwe pa chitsanzo cha zosayembekezereka wa misprints, anakumana pamene ntchito kiyibodi. Ena mwa errata izi mwina chifukwa cha mavuto kapena kusokonezedwa typists. Iwo akhoza kuonedwa kuti zinthu zachilengedwe. "Ndipo ngati kiyibodi amene amagwiritsa typist, palibe chinsinsi, ichi chinthu cholowa" - Tomasitti limati mu lipoti lake.

"Koma ngakhale pamalo abwino, kumene typist bwino anapuma ndipo wagwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi ntchito zabwino, typos udzakhalabe" - anatero. Ndipo ndi zolakwa mwachisawawa.

Kodi kafukufuku kwa kupewa

Pali njira yeniyeni popewa khansa chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe kapena majini. Kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, wosuta mungasiye, ndi mkazi amene anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere angayambe mastectomy prophylactic.

Ofufuza, izi njira yaikulu kupewa amaonedwa njira yabwino kuchepetsa imfa za khansa. Olemba zindikirani kuti izi sizingatheke pa kupewa chachikulu cha matenda a khansa chifukwa cha masinthidwe mwachisawawa, koma kupewa sekondale akhoza kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwala.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, kupewa yachiwiri ya mbewuyi kudziwika oyambirira a khansa. "Tiyenera kuganizira pa kuzindikira mwamsanga, chifukwa ndondomeko si kusintha kuti zikhoza kupewedwa," - iye anati mu lipoti Tomasitti.