Payipi mpweya kwa China. Kulengedwa ndi chithunzi cha payipi mpweya kuti China

Russia ndi China zinasaina pangano yaikulu mwa kundipatsako kwa gasi. payipi mpweya kuti China chikuyembekezeka kulola "Gazprom" kusiyanitsa wolowa ndipo amathandiza kuti bwino mopitirira mu mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri.

mgwirizano yosainidwa

Kumapeto kwa May 2014 pakati pa Russian ndi Chinese Republic Anthu (womwe makampani "Gazprom" ndi CNPC) anasaina mgwirizano pa kotunga gasi kwa dziko lathu. Chikalatachi yosainidwa pamene China anakhalabe kuchezeredwa ndi boma ndi mutsogoleli Russian. Voliyumu ya mgwirizano - $ biliyoni 400 ndipo anakhala - zaka 30. Chaka chilichonse, magalimoto adzakhala biliyoni 38 kiyubiki mamita mpweya.

mgwirizano umenewu ndi wapadera "Gazprom". Ndi mapangano palibe kwambiri ngati kampani Russian silinakwaniritsidwe anamaliza. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti China adzalandira mpweya pa mtengo wotsika (za $ 350 pa kiyubiki mamita zikwi), amene wosakanikirana Russia (ife poyamba anapempha 400). Pamodzi ndi pangano pakati pa maiko awiri zinasaina memorandum womvetsa pa kutsogoza a kapezedwe mpweya. Pakuti kuphedwa kwa mgwirizano adzamangira ndi payipi mpweya yatsopano ku Russia kuti China.

njira zovuta kusaina

Masiku pang'ono kusaina pakati Russia ndi China mpweya zambiri mawailesi osiyanasiyana inanena kuti zokambirana kuti ndayima kaye, ndipo palibe mgwirizano wakhala anamaliza sangakhale.

mfundozo amenewa amaonedwa kuti akatswiri ena kuti ena chilungamo - mosalephera chifukwa amene akali zaka zingapo zapitazo akufuna kunena mgwilizano ngati pakati Russia ndi China wa nkhaniyi analephera. Mwachitsanzo, ku St. Petersburg Economic Forum mu 2011: akuluakulu a makampani Chinese mpweya akhala pa izo, koma siinafike mgwirizano ndi anzake Russian. chifukwa anali kusagwirizana pa mtengo. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mpweya Russian anapereka kuwirikiza kawiri China umakhoza ochokera m'mayiko ena, makamaka ku madera Central Asia. Choncho, kufuna kudziŵa ngati kuonekera kapena ayi ndi payipi mpweya ku Russia kuti China kalekale anakhalabe zogwirizana.

mgwirizano mpweya: mmene zimakhudza asapita pakati Russia ndi China?

Chikhazikitso cha mgwirizano njira pakati Russia ndi China anaikidwa mu 90 a. Mu 2001, boma walemba mgwilizano umene anali kukhala mayikidwe a bwino-okhala moyandikana wochezeka. Mu 2011, anayesera kuti amasulire mgwirizano njira mu ndege, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti akatswiri ena, kuyembekeza patsogolo ziliri pa mgwirizano mpweya.

Pali lomwe kusaina aposachedwapa a mgwirizano kulonjezedwa osati phindu ndalama kwa "Gazprom", komanso mwa mawu kupeza chuma cha chitukuko cha Boma zina za chuma m'mayiko onse. Iwo anakonza kugwira zipolopolo angapo ndalama mu zomangamanga (mwachitsanzo, kumanga mlatho kudutsa Amur Mtsinje), ndalama ntchito zokhudzana zokopa alendo ndi anzawo okalamba. Chirasha Chinese mgwirizano mukhoza kupita mwakuya ndi mu zigawo, makamaka umene anaika zofunikira pa payipi ya mpweya.

ziyenda view

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kusaina mgwirizano pakati China ndi Russia pa katundu mpweya ndi mgwirizano kuti posachedwapa ayamba kumanga payipi mpweya kuti China - chochitika tanthauzo lalikulu kwa dziko lapansi. Izi, akatswiri amanena, kodi akulumikiza chuma cha mayiko onse, ndipo adzabweretsa madalitso ochuluka kwa aliyense. Pali lomwe mbali zonse dala anapanga zokambirana yekha ndi pangano anali atafika.

Ngati sikudali, mgwirizanowo ayenera kuti sakadaifika anasaina. Choncho, akatswiri kunena, ndikofunika kuti Russia ndi China poyambirira pa chotsatira. Pa malo a nyuzipepala lalikulu Chinese anali kafukufuku pakati owerenga. funso ili: "Kodi chofunika kwambiri kwa inu - mfundo ya kusainira pangano pakati Russia ndi China, kapena phindu la zachuma?" owerenga ambiri kusankha njira yoyamba. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti boma Chinese ndi kumlingo anasonyeza zofuna za nzika za dziko. Komanso, malinga ndi akatswiri, mgwirizanowo mpweya kudzakuthandizani m'mayiko awiriwa kuti otsimikiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mavuto a chitukuko cha dera Asia-Pacific. Kumanga payipi kuti China, Russia, choncho, mukhoza kuwonjezera awo mphamvu mwini ndale.

sizikuyenda bwino view

Pali akatswiri atolankhani lomwe lowani mpweya pangano ndi China sanali lipindulitsa pa Russia. dziko lathu, monga mbali ya maganizo amenewa, mwina chinachake kuti apeze mwa mawu a mtengo, koma anataya mfundo za zinthu kotunga mpweya. Apa tikukamba za mfundo kudzachitika kapena malipiro (kutanthauza kuti "kutenga kapena kulipira"), zomwe "Gazprom", monga ulamuliro, zikutanthauza Mapangano ake. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti katunduyo ngakhale sanathe kupezeka mu anasaina pakati Russia ndi China pangano.

Zimenezi zingachititse chakuti Russia, amene mwamanga mtengo mpweya okwanira zomangamanga amakumana kusafuna masuku pamutu izo mwachangu. Ntchito yomanga payipi mpweya kuti China Motero angathe kukhala opanda pake. Motero, boma kupeza ndalama malipiro a ndalama zotheka.

Kodi payipi ya

Kuyembekezeredwa kuti payipi mpweya kuti China adzakhala anagonjetsa mwa dera Altai. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ubale Chirasha Chinese pa nkhani ya mafuta, mudzaona kuti chitsanzo ichi chinaoneka mwamsanga 90s lapansi. Natural Mafuta payipi Project ku China wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. funsolo linali kokha mu mtengo, koma tsopano iye anakakhala, monga akatswiri amakhulupirira, pali kuthekera kuti pangano, maphwando adzayamba kugwiritsa ntchito piping mwa Altai. Makhalidwe waukulu payipi ndi motere. Kutalika kwa mzere ndi 2.6 zikwi Km, mphamvu -. About biliyoni 30 kiyubiki mamita. Izi adzalola kupereka mpweya ku malo kupanga alipo mu dera Yamal. Kuwonjezera pa "Altai" mpweya payipi kuti China ndi mapulani Russia - kuti yopereka wa mafuta ndi nthambi zina. Izo zigwirizana gawo la Yakutia kwa Vladivostok ndi nthambi mu China za Blagoveshchensk mbali. Development wa munda waukulu ulusi ichi - Chayandinskoye - adzakhala anapezerapo, malinga ndi zolinga za maiko awiri mu 2019. chiwembu Izi ndi payipi mpweya kuti China akatswiri ambiri zikuwoneka bwino mozama komanso zothandiza.

Pamene mgwirizano zidzakhudza misika ena

Malinga ndi ena chuma, yolembedwa pakati Russia ndi China agwirizana kuti kwambiri bwanji ubwenzi mpweya pakati pa "Gazprom" ndi Europe. Makamaka chifukwa cha EU posachedwapa mwina atchule mchitidwe kupulumutsiramo ndi kuyamba kudya zochepa mpweya. The mgwirizano pakati Russia ndi China, akatswiri amanena, musakhale ndi kutengeka wapadera, monga zinthu zinasintha, mfundo, ndi ndithu lomveka pa maziko a madongosolo, adzaperekedwa mu zaka zam'mbuyo. Ndi payipi mpweya "Altai" mu China - si ntchito yatsopano.

Komanso, akatswiri amanena, si koyenera kuona kugwirizana pakati pa ziletso kuti Russia chifukwa cha vuto mu Ukraine. Relations pakati Russia ndi China, kotero musati kunyamula kutchulidwa nkhani zandale. Akatswiri ena European tatsimikiza kuti Russia kuti azikamugwirira kulemba pangano ndi China kale zochitika panopa m'bwalo lonse.

maganizo USA

Akatswiri ena US amakonda kufunsa ubwino kwa Russia kuchokera kusainira mgwirizano mpweya ndi China kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zofuna zawo ndi zokhumba Russian kuti otetezeka ku ziletso ndi m'mayiko a Azungu. Akatswiri US amakhulupirira kuti si onse osavuta pa mtengo mgwirizano, monga zikuoneka: mu malingaliro awo, China kulipira kuti "Gazprom" n'chochepa kuposa zachitika Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya. Pa mfundo imeneyi, Russia, akatswiri kunena, akadali anapanga zokambirana. Ndipo China, motero anapindula kusainira mgwirizanowo - onse mwa mawu a mtengo ndi mawu a mayiko malo payipi ya mpweya. Nawonso America zonse kuti ali Russia - ndi mwayi kusonyeza Europe kusiyanitsa katundu mpweya. Komanso, akatswiri ku United States, Russia ndi safuna tikambirana njira yolondola pamene kudalira ake zachuma pa China ali woposa wa Europe. Ndipo ayenera kuganizira pamene akumanga payipi mpweya kuti China, "Gazprom".

The lonse la chigwirizano

Choncho, payipi mpweya kuti China adzakupatsani mpweya Russian mu woyandikana kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 38 pachaka. A zambiri kapena pang'ono? Ponena ziwerengero zokhudza gasi okwanira dongosolo la Russia m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mu 2013, "Gazprom" kuti katundu kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 196 mpweya kudzera mapaipi. Ichi ndi mlingo wapamwamba mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ogula waukulu mpweya Russian - mayiko sanali CIS. Mu 2012, anagula kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 138,8 wa mafuta. The Ogula zakunja waukulu mpweya Russian anali Germany, Turkey ndi Italy. Nawonso mayiko CIS ndi mayiko Baltic mu 2012 anali zimagulitsidwa kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 64,4 wa mafuta. Iwo likukhalira kuti katundu tsogolo mpweya kuti China - ndi pafupifupi 20% ya ntchito panopa "Gazprom". Msika Chinese akhoza Choncho, kukhala m'malo theka la zimene zimawononga maiko oyandikana ndi kuposa kotala - kuchokera ogula European (ngati ife monga maziko a kanjedza 2012). funso nali, kodi posachedwapa anamanga mafuta payipi zomwezo China kudzera Altai.

Chifukwa mpweya Russian kuti China?

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira: China ayenera mpweya Russian si zosakwana Russian Federation - katundu. Mfundo yaikulu imeneyi zogwirizana ndi chuma cha China ndi zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko. Mu 2013, pafupifupi hafu ya mpweya mu China anali kunja. Cholowa cha mafuta kunja, akatswiri amanena, mu China ikukula, monga kufunika ukuwonjezeka zoweta. Ngati mu 2012 cholowa cha mafuta mowa mphamvu China anali 5.4%, mu 2014 ntchito chithunzi cha 6.3%.

Malinga ndi odziŵa za boma Chinese, mu 2015 chuma cha dziko adzafunika kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 230 mafuta. ndalama moyenera kupanga mafuta mu China si chachikulu chotere. Iwo amakula (by 12% pachaka), koma osati mofulumira momwe mowa wake (18% pachaka). zinthu zachilengedwe zili zofunikira. China ayenera kumasuliridwa mu utsi amene amayambitsa mavuto osachepera chilengedwe. Gasi, malinga ndi akatswiri ena - Njira. Makamaka kuti posachedwapa padzakhala chiwembu zodabwitsa za payipi mpweya kwa China.

Kodi Russia ndi mpikisano?

Tsopano zikuluzikulu ziwiri gasi katundu mu PRC - ndi Turkmenistan (mu 2012 dziko lino waika mu China biliyoni 20 kiyubiki mamita mpweya) ndi Qatar. M'zaka zikubwerazi, akatswiri amanena, fanizo la zogulitsa kunja kwa mabwalo Union akafuna biliyoni 65 ogulitsa zina mafuta China -. Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Yemen. Iwo likukhalira kuti Russia ndi panyengo - akunja mlingo, ndi wapampopi ake mu payipi kuti China adzakhala mpikisano amphamvu ku mayiko ena.