Ndondomeko ya maphunziro - ndi chiyani ichi? Ndondomeko chikhazikitso ndi Njira

The ndondomeko ya maphunziro - uyu ndi gawo zovuta ndi yaitali, aiming pa mapangidwe umunthu ogwirizana. Kuyamba tipeze chimene akuti "pedagogic".

Origin akuti

Agiriki wotchedwa "mphunzitsi" kapolo amene anatsogolera kalasi pa mwanayo. Komanso akuti anatchula aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi, ndi akatswiri pa nkhani ya pedagogy. Kwenikweni linamasuliridwa mawu amatanthauza "detovozhdenie". The ndondomeko ya maphunziro - chitukuko cha makhalidwe ena a achinyamata. Pang'onopang'ono, tanthauzo izi zimawapangitsa zina, zina, koma tanthauzo lake ikupezeka sanasinthe.

Kwa zaka zambiri, njira ya kuphunzira, maphunziro ndi chitukuko laumwini limafuna palibe mwapadera ankaona Mwachibadwa kuli anthu.

Poyamba maonekedwe a kampani kunali koyenera kusamutsa ena zinachitikira ku mibadwomibadwo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu okalamba banja tinatengera kwa achinyamata ndi kusonkhanitsa chitsanzo chawo, kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana, gulu la banja.

Pamene kukula anthu monga munthu kukhala zovuta monga moyo wake zinachitikira, modernized njira ndondomeko maphunziro. Chifukwa cha Polish wophunzitsa Yanu Amosu Kamensky anaonekera didactics, yomwe ndi nthambi osiyana pedagogy ambiri.

History of Education

The ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi maphunziro ali kwambiri mizu zakale. Kwa m'badwo uliwonse ndi zogwirizana zolinga zikuluzikulu zitatu:

• kuphunzira zimene zinachitikira makolo awo;
• kuchulukitsa kudziwa anapeza;
• zimafalitsa nkhani ana.

Mwa njira iyi tingathe patsogolo chikhalidwe. Pedagogy - sayansi kuti amaphunzira zofunika zambiri kufala zithunzi za anthu achikulire, ndi kuloŵerera a mbadwo wake kotulukira kusintha. Maphunziro kuphunzira umalimbana kupeza zinachitikira kakhalidwe ka Pakufunika mwana wanu kugwira ntchito ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Pang'onopang'ono ntchito pedagogical anayamba kuima mu malo osiyana a ntchito. Choyamba, tisatengere nzeru ena a ku Girisi. Ndi mu nyengo yakale imeneyi, panali mawu akuti "kusukulu", chomwe chinkatanthauza yopuma. "Zolimbitsa thupi" anadziwika monga masukulu a chitukuko thupi.

M'zaka za m'ma 17, maphunziro kuphunzira adzamasulidwa ku sayansi. Nthawi imeneyi mwachangu amaganizo ndi mfundo za maphunziro mu pedagogy Russian. Mwachitsanzo, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov analengedwa mabuku angapo ophunzitsira pa galamala ndi apamwamba.

magulu pedagogy

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu pedagogical sayansi wakhala wodziimira nthambi, amene ali mutu chake kuphunzira. Masiku ano anthu ambiri, ndondomeko ya maphunziro - izo miyeso umalimbana mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha munthu mwa mawu a maphunziro ake, maphunziro, maphunziro. Kodi bungwe ndondomeko zofunika ndi udindo? Izi zimafunika njira zosiyanasiyana za ndondomeko maphunziro.

Pakati pa magulu waukulu pedagogy kuti maphunziro, maphunziro ndi chitukuko.

The ndondomeko ya maphunziro - ndi chitukuko munthu mchikakamizo cha zinthu mkati ndi kunja. Development chikuchitika mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe.

maphunziro Features

The ndondomeko ya maphunziro a munthu ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri pedagogy. M'lingaliro yotakata, maphunziro ikukhudza ndondomeko cholinga mapangidwe nyonga yauzimu ndi thupi la umunthu, nzeru. Izi ndi kukonzekera zonse moyo, ntchito yogwira.

M'njira yopapatiza ya maphunziro m'kati mapangidwe achinyamata maganizo kusamala chilengedwe, kwa anthu ena. Iyi ndi ndondomeko cholinga, imene kupeza amapezeka umunthu wa katundu amene ndi makhalidwe ofanana zofuna za anthu makamaka.

Kukula kwa munthu zonse kunachitika kokha kupyolera maphunziro, limodzi ndi kulanda zinachitikira ake, kumasulira ya cholowa cha makolo awo.

Maziko a maphunziro ndi maphunziro

ndi Gawo la Kodi kulangiza ndi kuphunzitsa? The ndondomeko ya maphunziro a munthu zochokera luso, luso, chidziwitso. Iwo ndi njira kuonetsa chenicheni ndi thandizo mfundo, mfundo, malamulo, mfundo.

Luso idzagwiritsa kuonetsa Mkristuyo ndimangoona ndi kukhazikitsa zochita ongolankhula ndi othandiza pa maziko a zinachitikira chitukuko, nzeru ndi luso zinazake.

Maphunziro m'kati dongosolo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. zotsatira zake ndi luso luso, chidziwitso, kaganizidwe, zomwe pamapeto pake amatenga dzikolo wophunzira kumene.

Magulu Basic pedagogical

Chikhazikitso cha ndondomeko ya maphunziro, maphunziro, chitukuko - izi ndi zofunika pedagogical gulu. Maphunziro ndi ndondomeko wodzilamulira chitukuko, kugwirizana ndi katswiri pa miyezo yake, nzeru ndi luso kulenga. Education Tingaone monga chikhalidwe chibadwa kufala kwa mibadwo wotsatira wa zambiri. Organization za ndondomeko ya maphunziro bungwe ano maphunziro kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe zachilengedwe kuwapangitsa umalimbana maphunziro komanso masewera.

Kuphunzitsa ndondomeko ndi mgwirizano wa maphunziro ndi maphunziro, motero kuonetsetsa kupitiriza chikhalidwe cha mibadwo ndi mtima munthu ayenera kumachita akatswiri ndi chikhalidwe.

Munthu wa maphunziro akufotokozera kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe omwe zizigwirizana zoyembekezera ndi zofuna za anthu a. Maphunziro malinga zonse ndi luso lawo ndi zofuna za munthu ndi ufulu wa munthu wina aliyense.

boma wakhala amapereka maphunziro. Mu njira ya chitukuko zingasokoneze m'badwo kuwuka kupanga wosatsutsana angathe kukwaniritsa umunthu, okhoza zithandiza dziko lake.

Cultural kupitiriza ndi kuti palibe zachilengedwe adzadziwire mapangidwe makhalidwe. Dongosololi ikukhudza chitukuko cholinga ndi maphunziro a achinyamata.

Monga mphunzitsi wa "maphunziro" mawu amenewa anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Johann Genrihom Pestalotstsi.

Kwa nthawi yaitali ndondomeko izi imatengedwa ngati Uwerenge luso, chidziwitso, ndi maluso ofunika pa kukhazikitsa ntchito yeniyeni. Panopa moganizira socialization monga kusintha Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe ya makhalidwe, maganizo ndi zikhulupiriro, makhalidwe amene angawathandize kwa achinyamata a anatengera bwino chilengedwe chikhalidwe.

maphunziro ano

Masiku ano, kuphunzitsa sayansi amaliona monga ena dongosolo ongokhala zinthu payekha: ndondomeko, zotsatira zake. Chakale maphunziro didactics amapereka mbali zinayi: dongosolo, akonzedwa, phindu chidacho.

Ubwino makhalidwe lili zigawo zitatu: maphunziro monga gulu, munthu phindu, chikhalidwe. Ngati maphunziro zikuphatikizapo kulemba, yamtunduwu akatswiri mtima, maphunziro amakhala ndi makhalidwe ena abwino.

Lingaliro la njira yophunzitsira

Zovuta ndi zazikulu ndondomeko chiphunzitso zimapangitsa aphunzitsi kuthetsa zambiri za ntchito powerenga ndi zachilendo maphunziro okhudzana ndi chitukuko amafunika umunthu. Ali unknowns angapo, ndi chikalata bwino mavuto mphunzitsi kale njira yophunzitsira.

Iwo zigwirizana zosiyanasiyana njira zimene interlinked ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe maganizo, zikhulupiriro ntchito kukambirana zachikhalidwe.

njira ya maphunziro

Mu pedagogy zoweta ali ntchito yeniyeni ndi anzake educability mphunzitsi, zimadalira cholinga cha ntchito zawo. ndalama ndi zinthu za chikhalidwe auzimu ndiponso akuthupi, ntchito pothetsa mavuto maphunziro.

njira ya maphunziro ndi njira zina kusokoneza chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi kutsitsimuka kwa ana m'kati kuwakonzekeretsa socialization.

Mapangidwe mfundo ana, zigamulo, zikhulupiriro mphunzitsi amapereka nkhani, nkhani, kukambirana ndi kutsutsana.

Khalidwe Experience aumbike pa masewera sewero kusewera, komanso mu ntchito za madongosolo a munthu loperekedwa ndi mphunzitsi mwana.

Tony, ntchito kudziletsa zolimbikitsa, mphunzitsi mwakhama ntchito zilango ndi mphoto, mpikisano ndi kupikisana.

zinthu zauzimu umalimbana ndi kumvetsa moyo, chilengedwe cha malo abwino kwa nkhaniyi, mapangidwe ake mmene dziko, ikuchitika wogwirizana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya kupeza sayansi. Pa chitukuko cha mtima, khalidwe amazindikira mu pedagogy zoweta ntchito Chitsanzo phwando munthu.

Timasankha njira maphunziro ena kuti kukhudza pazipita.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafanizo, nkhani, mafanizo zokambirana comradely ndi kutsutsana, improvisation pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, mphunzitsi pang'onopang'ono ndipamene dongosolo zikuluzikulu za makhalidwe ophunzira ake.

Pambuyo oyamba mu sukulu za mfundo boma la m'badwo wachiwiri wa mphunzitsi anayamba kumvetsera kwambiri ndi ntchito gulu kulenga, kulola osati kuphunzitsa komanso kuphunzitsa anthu onse a gulu ntchito.

Gulu la njira yophunzitsira

Mu mabuku pedagogical limafotokoza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene kuti tikwaniritse zolinga aliyense ndi zolinga. Ndi chikhalidwe cha nawo ntchito, kukopa, chilango, chilimbikitso. Monga mbali ambiri akutumikira ziyenera a ana ntchito.

osiyana njira yophunzitsa anatsindika Zotsatira za mmene:

• zinthu zimene analenga zolinga makhalidwe, maganizo, mabwenzi, maganizo, mfundo;
• atengere amaonetsera mtundu winawake wa khalidwe.

The zambiri cholinga ndi gulu yabwino kwambiri kuganizira njira yophunzitsa lathu. Izi khalidwe integrative, limene lili lokonzedwa akulimbana, procedural mbali ya maphunziro:

• mapangidwe chikumbumtima munthu;
• Gulu la zinachitikira zokhudza khalidwe la;
• popatsana ntchito.

Ubongo akhoza kupangidwa pa nkhani thematic, chikhalidwe kukambirana nkhani malipoti, briefing. Pakuti kukondoweza (chilimbikitso) yosadalira ntchito ya ophunzira a aphunzitsi mwakhama ntchito zizindikiro mlingo dongosolo.

Tiyeni tikambirane njira zina mapangidwe chikumbumtima munthu. Osati kulimbikira chikhulupiriro, koma ntchito kwenikweni ndi zochita yodziwika ndi makhalidwe a ophunzira ano. N'chifukwa chake pa mtima wa ndondomeko maphunziro ndi socialization.

Aphunzitsi amayesa kuphatikiza njira ongolankhula yothandiza kuti iyende mulingo woyenera. Mwa zinthu za maphunziro ano akutsogolera mapangidwe kudzimva wakutemwa ndi chikondi kwa dziko lakwawo, makhalidwe abwino m'banja.

Kukopa ndi mmodzi ndiye amaganiza zotsatira ntchito yeniyeni ya ana. Mosavuta kusamalira maphunziro ndondomeko mphunzitsi amaona ana kanthu pa ntchito pa magawo munthu, ntchito yaing'ono.

Mapangidwe mtima kusamala ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lakwawo, makhalidwe abwino m'banja ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito si maganizo, komanso zitsanzo za chikhalidwe luso, kuti chodzadziŵitsa ophunzira ndi anthu abwino kwa mudzi, mudzi, mzinda, dziko.

mphunzitsi ayenera kumanga unyolo bwino ndiponso zogwirizana kanthu, motsogozedwa zinthu chiphunzitso chawo lolingalira, potengera chikhalidwe. mphunzitsi ayesera kuthetsa osati maganizo a mwana, komanso chifukwa awo.

Nkhani ndi mwatsatanetsatane, kuwasamalira, mwadongosolo kulongosola akamanena za makamaka maphunziro, sayansi, mavuto maphunziro. Bukuli lili ndi generalization zokhudza chuma ongolankhula kapena othandiza. nkhani yake limodzi mwa mafanizo, ulaliki, kukambirana zinthu.

Mtsutsano ndi osiyana nkhani akambirana kuthekera ophunzira kuti afotokoze malo awo anakambirana nkhani.

mtsutso kuti amalola achinyamata kuti akaphunzire kuteteza mfundo munthu maganizo, mfundo malo, kusunga maganizo a zokambirana.

Mwa njira ya chikoka maphunziro pa achinyamata tisaiwale chilakolako cha ana kutsanzira. Zochitika makolo awo, aphunzitsi, azibale, ana kukonza njira zawo za makhalidwe abwino. Pa chitukuko cha khama, wakutemwa, mkulu makhalidwe udindo wa kukhulupirika, pamaso pa wophunzira ayenera kukhala chenichenicho munthu chitsanzo cha mphunzitsi kapena mphunzitsi.

Mapangidwe zinachitikira ndi khalidwe zofunika thupi. Zikukhudza kuphedwa mwadongosolo ndi mwadongosolo ana a ntchito zosiyanasiyana, malangizo othandiza umalimbana chitukuko munthu.

Maphunziro ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndiponso zogwirizana zochita zenizeni umalimbana kupanga makhalidwe abwino. Pa ndondomeko maphunziro iwo anazindikira mwa kuchita Zochita wapadera, ndipo ntchito yophunzitsa ikukhudza kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amagwirizana ndi malo achitukuko.

Pomaliza

Studies awonetsepo mphamvu ya ntchito mu maphunziro a achinyamata kupikisana zosiyanasiyana. Achinyamata masiku ano amakhala ndi consumerism, kuti ali kungasokoneze dongosolo la makhalidwe abwino. Kupewa njira zimenezi, Ministry of Education anachita wamakono mabungwe ano maphunziro.

Panopa, kampani amasamalirira wapadera kwa mkulu amasankha zinthu ophunzira mukatuluka, chilengedwe cha zigawo zina masewera ndi mabwalo aluntha. Only njira mabuku kwa ndondomeko za maphunziro, maphunziro, chitukuko tingayembekezere chifukwa kukhazikitsa dongosolo chikhalidwe cha anthu - mapangidwe mogwirizana anayamba umunthu.

Aphunzitsi kufunika ndi tanthauzo la ndondomeko maphunziro, kotero ntchito yawo, iwo amakhala ndi njira zothandiza ndi njira umalimbana maphunziro a achinyamata.