Phindu ndi mopweteka wa zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo

nkhaniyi chapeza kutchuka kwake kale - kuyambira pamenepo, pamene anthu kunali kovuta kuyesetsa chiyanjano. Ndi pamene akulankhula za ubwino ndi kuopsa kwa mafuta. Akatswiri wachinsinsi zochokera mitunduyi awo mankhwala pamaziko a pamaso kumangidwa awiri. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa iwowa limachititsa nadzawasankhula mafuta zidulo m'magulu awiri: zimalimbikitsa ndi unsaturated.

The katundu aliyense wa iwo amati kwambiri, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti woyamba akunena za mafuta kopindulitsa, koma lachiwiri ayi. Mosapita m'mbali kutsimikizira choonadi cha mfundo imeneyi, kapena kutsutsa ndi thunthu cholakwika. Aliyense mchitidwe wachibadwa ali ndi phindu kwa kutukula wa munthu. M'mawu ena, kuyesetsa kumvetsa, kodi phindu ndipo ngati mavuto ku ntchito ano zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo.

Features wa mankhwala chilinganizo

Ngati anapita ku mawu a dongosolo lawo maselo, sitepe lolondola ndi kufuna thandizo kwa sayansi. Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira zimapangidwira, ife kuona kuti mafuta zidulo tinabadwa hydrocarbon mankhwala ndi dongosolo lawo atomiki aumbike ngati tcheni. Chachiwiri, Popeza kuti mpweya maatomu tetravalency. Ndipo kumapeto kwa unyolo ogwirizana ndi particles atatu hydrogen ndi mpweya umodzi. Pakati pa awo atazungulira maatomu mpweya awiri ndi wa hydrogen. Monga mukuonera, dera kwathunthu wodzazidwa - palibe kuthekera kwa kugwirizana chimodzi zambiri particles wa hydrogen.

Best zikuimira zimalimbikitsa mafuta asidi chilinganizo. mankhwala, amene molekyulu ndi mpweya unyolo mu dongosolo lawo mankhwala iwo savuta mafuta ena ndiponso ali ndi chiwerengero cha maatomu mpweya. Dzinali linachokera kwa dongosolo ladzala hydrocarbon ndi kutalika ena a unyolo. Dongosolo mu mawonekedwe onse:

CH3- (CH2) N-COOH

Ena katundu wa mankhwala awa yodziwika ndi chizindikiro monga kutentha kusungunuka. Komanso, iwo anawagawa mitundu: kulemera otsika maselo ndi mkulu maselo kulemera. Zoyambazo kusasinthika olimba, wachiwiri - madzi, ndi apamwamba misa molar kwambiri, mlingo kutentha pa zomwe iwo kwakukulu.

Zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo amatchedwanso monobasic, chifukwa chakuti dongosolo lawo kumangidwa awiri pakati pa maatomu pafupi mpweya. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti reactivity awo amachepetsa - thupi kovuta unagawanika, kotero ndondomeko imeneyi imafuna mphamvu zambiri.

mbali khalidwe

Nthumwi olemekezeka, ndipo mwina wotchuka kwambiri mafuta asidi zimalimbikitsa ali ndi asidi palmitic, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, hexadecanoic. molekyulu ake tichipeza 16 mpweya maatomu (C16: 0) ndi umodzi awiri muzikondana. Pafupifupi peresenti 30-35 la iwo ali lipids anthu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu zidulo malire mabakiteriya. Komanso chili mwa nyama mafuta ndi chiwerengero zosiyanasiyana za zomera Mwachitsanzo, mu mafuta wowopsa kanjedza.

A ambiri maatomu mpweya amakhala stearic ndi arachidic zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo, monga, motero, wa chilinganizo 18 ndi 20. Choyamba wambiri lalikulu mu mutton mafuta - apa zingakhale 30%, ndipo alipo mu masamba mafuta - pafupifupi 10%. Arachidic, kapena - malinga ndi dzina mwadongosolo - eicosanoic ali kirimu ndi mafuta chiponde.

Onse zinthu izi ndi mkulu-maselo mankhwala ndi olimba kugwirizana kwake.

"Zimalimbikitsa" mankhwala

Today popanda n'zokayikitsa khitchini ano. zidulo malire mafuta zimapezeka mu zakudya ndi nyama chiyambi masamba. Komabe, kuyerekezera zili m'magulu awiri, tisaiwale kuti anthu apamwamba a iwo yoyamba kuposa wachiwiri.

Pa mndandanda wa mankhwala okhala wambirimbiri ano zimalimbikitsa mafuta monga mankhwala nyama: nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhosa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. Gulu la mkaka akhoza kudzitama cha kukhalapo: ayisikilimu, kirimu wowawasa, batala, apa n'zotheka kunyamula mkaka wokha. Komanso kuchepetsa mafuta zimapezeka ena mitundu ya masamba mafuta: kanjedza ndi kokonati.

A pang'ono ndi mankhwala yokumba

Gulu la mafuta zidulo ndi zimalimbikitsa Zina "kupambana" wa makampani ano chakudya monga mafuta trans. Konzekerani ndi hydrogenation wa masamba mafuta. Akamanena za ndondomeko ndi kuti madzi masamba mafuta kupanikizidwa ndi pa kutentha kwa madigiri 200 zagonjetsedwa kwa gaseous wa hydrogen yogwira. Chifukwa ndi latsopano mankhwala - hydrogenated kukhala zokhota maselo dongosolo mtundu. Mu chilengedwe cha mtundu umenewu palibe kugwirizana. Cholinga cha kusintha imatsogoleredwa osati phindu la thanzi la munthu, ndipo amayamba ndi mtima wofuna "omasuka" olimba mankhwala bwino kulawa, ndi kapangidwe wabwino ndi wautali moyo alumali.

Udindo zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo mu kugwira ntchito m'thupi la munthu

ntchito Tizilombo anatumizidwa mankhwala awa zigwirizana kupereka thupi ndi mphamvu. Masamba owayimilira ndi zopangira ntchito ndi thupi kupanga nembanemba khungu, komanso gwero la mankhwala enieni kukhala wochitachita mu lamulo njira minofu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka zaposachedwapa, chiopsezo mapangidwe zotupa zilonda. Zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo nawo kaphatikizidwe mahomoni, mavitamini ndi kuloŵerera wa kufufuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuchepetsa mowa akhoza kusokoneza thanzi la anthu, chifukwa iwo ali nawo yopanga testosterone.

Zabwino kapena zoipa za zimalimbikitsa mafuta

Funso zoopsa awo akadali lotseguka, chifukwa kugwirizana ndi zikamera wa matenda akhala sakudziwika. Komabe, pali maganizo oti ntchito mopitirira muyezo kumaonjezera ngozi ya chiwerengero cha matenda oopsa.

Kodi tinganene motetezera mafuta zidulo

Long zokwanira zimalimbikitsa mankhwala "ankaimba nawo za" kuonjezera mlingo wa mafuta zoipa magazi. dietetics zamakono anakumana kupeza awo kuti kukhalapo mu nyama asidi palmitic ndi stearic mu mkaka paokha ayi kusinkhasinkha za mbiri ya "osalungama" mafuta m'thupi. Makamaka kuwonjezeka ake anapezeka chakudya. Ngakhale zili awo otsika zidulo mafuta mulibe angabweretse vuto lililonse.

Ndipo anapezanso kuti kuchepetsa kudya zimam'patsa pamene kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa ankadya "mankhwala zimalimbikitsa" pali ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono mlingo wa "zabwino" mafuta m'thupi, kusonyeza phindu lawo.

Tikumbukenso kuti pa siteji ina ya moyo wa mtundu uwu zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo wayamba lofunika. Amadziwika kuti mayi mkaka wa m'mawere wolemera iwo ndipo adamlera kwa akhanda a. Choncho, ana ndi anthu ndi umoyo lotereli ntchito mankhwala amenewa akhoza kubweretsa ubwino.

Nthawi zina, iwo angathe kupweteka

Ngati zakudya tsiku la chakudya ndi magilamu 4 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi, zikhoza kuoneka ngati kungasokoneze thanzi la zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo. Zitsanzo za mfundo imeneyi: Asidiyu palmitic, lomwe likupezeka mu nyama amakwiya kuchepa kwa ntchito insulin, asidi stearic, pano mu mkaka mwakhama kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe madipoziti subcutaneous mafuta, ndi zoyipa pa dongosolo mtima.

Apa, izo Ndizachidziwikire kuti kuwonjezeka zimam'patsa wambiri amatha kumasulira "wolemera" mankhwala mu gulu la zosafunikira.

Zokoma thanzi kuopseza

Amakhala "opangidwa ndi chilengedwe" zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo, kuwonongeka omwe si zatsimikiziridwa, tiyeneranso kukumbukira za yokumba - hydrogenated, akamagwira yokakamiza mafuta machulukitsidwe masamba ndi wa hydrogen.

Izi pazikhalanso margarine, amene kukuchitika chifukwa choti mtengo wake otsika, izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mu kupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana Confectionery, mitundu yonse ya theka-atha ndipo mu malo Catering kuphikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi ena ofanana kanthu wake wabwino sungathe kuonedwa thanzi. Komanso amakwiya ndi matenda aakulu monga matenda a shuga, kansa, matenda a mitima, mtima occlusion.