Phiri yaitali mu dziko pamwamba 4

phiri limodzi - ndi zodabwitsa, koma ndi bwino ngati zambiri za mapiri. Makamaka mmaso, pamene iwo amaphatikizidwa mu lokwera yaitali, amene nsonga ina ndi zigwa zitunda ang'ono, ndi zonse izi ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka Babeloni mitsinje. Kukongola motsatizana zikwi makilomita sadzasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika. Zikamera wa m'mapiri kufotokoza chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe mpumulo. Lembali limati lokwera zigwa, mapiri ndi zitunda anapanga chifukwa kugunda kwa mbale chokhala, zakukwawa pa wina ndi mzake. N'zovuta kulingalira magulu ofunika ndondomeko imeneyi. Ndipo si koyenera. Ndi bwino kusangalala chifukwa cha zochita zawo. Makamaka ngati ali motalikitsa phiri dziko. Tiyeni tipange mavoti awo ndi kupeza malo.

Cordilleras

Kuyamba, ine ndikufuna kuti kumveketsa mfundo yaikulu. zambiri kusokoneza awa ndi Andes mapiri, koma iwo ali awiri osiyana kwambiri dera anapanga pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ena kuyitana Andes "Cordillera De Los Andes", koma iwo alibe mapiri amenewa ndi wosayenera. Komanso, chisokonezo tingafunse lokhudza malo awo. Cordillera 'asamachedwe "North America kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo, kupanga wandiweyani nyengo chotchinga. Pakuti America South, udindo womwewo ankaimba ndi Andes. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mapiri pafupifupi converge pamphambano ya 2 of America. Chotero, nthawi zonse anali kuphatikiza mu umodzi mapiri, zomwe limeneli linachokera cholakwika. Iwo adzakhala olondola kuti tisasokoneze zimphona izi ndi kusiya Cordillera a North America, ndi Andes - South.

Choncho, Cordillera - phiri yaitali mu dziko, kutalika makilomita oposa 18,000. Amasiyana awo "anzake" nambala mbali. Cordillera submeridional kuwonjezera yekha malangizo ndi ndi amaposa la mapiri atali anapanga orotektonicheskih mabacteria asanu a mibadwo yosiyana ndi yogwira mkulu ndi chiphala seismicity.

nyanja mapiri

Osati aliyense amadziwa kuti mapiri kungakhale osati pa dziko, koma m'madzi. Mwatsoka, ambiri a iwo chidabisidwa pamaso pa amayenda ulendo. Ndipo iwo ali ndi chidwi pang'ono, chifukwa m'derali sapita kutsetsereka. Choncho anagonjetsa nsonga adzayang'ana zopusa ndithu. Koma m'madzi unyolo si wochepa ndi kuchuluka kwa pamwamba. Msinkhu zimphona m'madzi zovuta kudziwa, ndi kuti zophweka kuyeza kutalika.

Choncho, pamalo achiwiri kusanja "Phiri yaitali mu dziko" mu Mid-Atlantic Ridge ndi utali wonse wa makilomita 18,000. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa nyanja ya Atlantic m'mphepete mwa nyanja dera American. mapangidwe Izi zikuphatikizapo ranges zingapo: Knipovicha Mona Reykjanes, South ndi North Atlantic. nsonga aliyense lidzasinthidwa zilumba (a Azores, Bermuda, ndi zina zotero. D.). Pakati ranges tatchulazi si makamaka mkulu, wachikulire kapena wamng'ono, izo zangokhala phiri yaitali pa nthaka pambuyo Cordilleras, kuti kwambiri. Pitani patsogolo.

Andes

Andes - ndi phiri lachitatu yaitali mu dziko, ndi utali wonse wa makilomita 9000. kutsogolo zake zakuya Andes lolunjika pa za Pacific Ocean, ndi kumpoto kubwera ku Caribbean. Kum'mawa kwa malire kumabweretsa Andean m'mapiri. Mwa njira, ranges osiyana zaka zili pamodzi kutalika lonse la dongosolo phiri. kayendedwe Orogenic patsogolo, ndipo tsopano pamodzi ndi zivomezi ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri.

Andes Ndi mmene kwa m'mapiri, kudziwa otchuka okwera zone ndi mapangidwe glaciation kwambiri. Kutalika kwa dongosolo migodi Mzimuyo kusiyana chinyezi ndi kupereka kutentha kwa ziwalo payekha. Ngakhale kuti kudela ali ndi khalidwe lamapiri, m'gawo lake wachita kale kuli anthu. anthu Andean kuti katswiri zigwa mkulu, zigwa intermountain mabeseni mwa dongosolo phiri ndinazolowera moyo mu zinthu izi. Mu Andes ndi m'midzi yambiri lamapiri, m'matauni ndi minda. Mwa asanu mapiri kulibe mayunitsi physicogeographical. Koma m'nkhani ino tikambirana awiri okha: ku Central Andes, ndi Tierra del Fuego.

chapakati Andes

The Gawo lalikulu la mapiri. Mu uthunthu wake wa mapiri ku Argentina, Chile, Bolivia ndi Peru. Kwa kapangidwe orotektonicheskoy amakhala ndi zitunda zathyathyathya mapiri ataliatali ndi zitunda zathyathyathya - "Pun" (kapena "Altiplano" mu Bolivia). Mwakhama apakatikati zosiyanasiyana, mkati limene deta kumveka aumbike, lagawidwa midadada ingapo. Izi zimaonekera pa ming'alu amene anatuluka chifukwa kuwuka kwa chiphalaphala ndi chiphalaphala utuluke. Chifukwa, pali mitundu zigwa mu mtunda m'zigwa, m'madera peneplain ndi zitunda zathyathyathya chiphalaphala. Pa nyengo, ku Central Andes ndi louma kwambiri.

Tierra del Fuego

Archipelago limapangidwa makumi angapo zilumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Wawukulu, ali magawo awiri okwana m'dera - za. Tierra del Fuego. Islands a Argentina ndi Chile. mbali ya kumadzulo ya Tierra del Fuego akupitiriza Andes phiri dongosolo ndipo kwambiri kuligaŵa. Mapiri (mamita 1000-1300) kugawidwa ndi zigwa intermountain, ndipo ena ali odzazidwa ndi madzi a m'nyanja - m'mavuto, fjords. The chimbuzi (mamita 2469) ili pa Big Island. Chogwidwa ndi mpumulo wakale glacial. A zambiri nyanja kusiya ndi moraines.

Ambiri a chilumbachi, ali ndi kotentha apanyanja nyengo. Mu dera la kumadzulo mu chaka, mvula lolemera (drizzle) kwa 3000 mm. Mu mvula kum'mawa zochepa - 500 mm. Kuli chilimwe ndi chisanu ndi ofunda (1-5 ° C). Anapita ku Tierra del Fuego, alendo kunena kuti dzinja uko, monga Titafika pamalo ndi nyengo monga mayiko a (kwa kutentha). Ndi kuwuka kwa mapiri ndi kutentha akutsikira zikuchepa kale pa kuzungulira 500 meters kufika mtengo negative.

mapiri Transantarctic

Mu Antarctica, sikuti kuli chisanu, chisanu ndi anyani, komanso phiri. Ndipo yaitali ndithu. Onse Antarctica mitanda Malowa anali yaikulu, nagawira mu East ndi West. Izi chimphona ayezi, amene ali malo otsiriza mu kusanja "Phiri yaitali mu dziko" Ayala makilomita 3500. Malowa The anapeza kumbuyo mu 1908 ndi Captain Ross. Mu zaka wotsatira, iye mobwerezabwereza anawoloka Maulendo kufufuza, koma ambiri Zatsala unexplored. Mwamwayi, tsopano pali kafukufuku pa Kanema, amene amalola, ngati simukuona lokwera, ndiye osachepera pa izo.