Photo ndi kufotokoza "Doriphor" Policlet

Tikayang'ana pa "Doriphor" Policlet munthu m'nthawi izi ndi wodziwa zinthu za luso, iye sanali yomweyo kumvetsa chifukwa chosema ichi akuti ndi wofunika kwambiri. Komabe, m'nthawi ya ambuye wakale Greek akhoza mofulumira kwambiri kudziwa fano isiyana ndi ntchito zina nyengo. Chosema "Doryphoros" Policlet allocated ndi staging wapadera wa thupi, icho chinali chimodzi cha ntchito yoyamba ku Greece, khalidwe lomwe ankaoneka moyo, okonzekera kuti pa pedestal munthu. Back mu masiku amenewo fano imatengedwa ndi miyeso yolinganizira luso chakale, chitsanzo cha kufanana mwamasamu zinatsimikizira kuti kupuma moyo mu zamkuwa.

Polykleitos

The ziboliboli amene analenga fano, tikambirana m'nkhani, ankakhala kumapeto kwa V m'ma BC (mwina 480-420-m BC). Malo enieni lobadwa silikudziwika Policlet. Malinga ndi olemba wakale Greek, izo zikhoza kukhala Argos kapena Sicyon, mzinda ndi chikhalidwe luso malo nthawi. luso lawo Polycleitus wambirimbiri pansi pa Agelara ziboliboli. Pamodzi ndi iye anapita wina wotchuka Greek wojambula Myron.

Policlet zilandiridwenso losiyana kufufuza mosatopa chifukwa ganizoli. Kupanga ziboliboli, iye anayesetsa kukwaniritsa angwiro kaimidwe ndi kachilombo nkhope. ngwazi wake ali kutali kugonthetsa ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti, ali wodekha ndi wanzeru. Mogwirizana anali yodziwika osati chithunzi, komanso okhutira lamkati la fano.

otchulidwa lapamtima

Pambuyo pa chilengedwe cha "Doriphor" Policlet chidwi mu chifanizo cha othamanga. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa: amene koma akuluakulu opambana Olympic, posonyeza kukongola zonse anayamba thupi wamwamuna. Komabe, nthawi zambiri Polycleitus ankafotokozedwa othamanga pa mpikisano ndipo pambuyo chigonjetso. Pa nthawi imeneyi, thupi anatenga nkhawa kwambiri, koma panalibe chizindikiro cha kutopa. Thupi limakhala omasuka ndipo anasonkhana pa nthawi yomweyo - kuona kuti mogwirizana yemweyo, amene anakonda ndipo amadziwa kupatsira wakale Greek ziboliboli.

ziboliboli

Yoyambirira yeniyeni ya zifaniziro za wolemba sanakhale ndi moyo. Ntchito anali kokha mu mawonekedwe a mafotokozedwe a m'nthawi, ena yatsikira kwa ife kupyolera makope Roma. Choncho, chikondi Osema ufumu lopatulika kubwereza kwa ntchito wakale Greek adzalola luso mbiri yakale nthawi yathu kuwona limodzi la ntchito oyambirira Policlet. Master losindikizidwa wopambana wa Games Olympic pa nthawi imene iye korona mutu wake. Koma pa mafano Pifokla ndi Ariston, ndi Hercules ndi Heme, ife tikudziwa kudzera m'mabuku olembedwa.

Chinachake Patapita chilengedwe cha ntchito izi Polycleitus - "Doryphoros" komanso panthawiyo anali wokonzeka - anasamukira ku Athens. Apa Analenga "anavulazidwa Amazon". chosema zimenezi zafika ife mu mawonekedwe a magazini Roma. Kalembedwe ndi pafupi zofanana monga "Doriphor" Policlet. Statement ya thupi, kujambula amphamvu minofu thupi, timafuna wanyonga - zonse chimagwirizanitsa zifaniziro ziwiri.

Mapeto a moyo

Mu Athens Polycleitus chinkhoswe ndi chithunzi chosema. Pamene mtundu uwu wa luso sanali sizachilendo. Polycleitus, kuweruza ndi malipoti zilipo ndi ndemanga, mwangwiro ankadziwa ntchito yake. magwero osungidwa zambiri monga mbuye wake ntchito pa chithunzi Artemana injiniya wa Pericles.

Ziboliboli wa zaka zaposachedwapa kusonyeza Pofunafuna latsopano la wolemba. Imodzi mwa ntchito zimenezi - "Diadumen" (za 430 BC). Fano chikusonyezera wopambana Olympic, zabwino manja zomangira riboni pa mutu wake. Mu maonekedwe ake ndi nkhope ndi kuli bata kuposa ntchito m'mbuyomu a mbuye.

"Doryphoros" Policlet: kufotokoza

Komabe, wotchuka kwambiri ziboliboli ntchito Zoonadi "Doryphoros". The chosema amaonetsera spearmen chabe anapambana mpikisano. The script sizibwera kwa ife unalembedwa zaka 460-450. BC. e. Kuweruza ntchito lero, tingathe kuyamika Mabaibulo angapo kupulumuka.

Imperceptible kayendedwe ndi kuika thupi - ndicho chimene waima thunthu, amene analengedwa Polycleitus. Doryphoros womunyamulira chiliri, adatsamira pa mwendo umodzi, wachiwiri amangogwira pa zimakwana - ngati iye ali pafupi kuti kutenga sitepe. The dzanja lamanja adatchithisira achinyamata, kumanzere, iye wagwira mkondo. Easy kuona kuti mbali ya thupi ndi pa mpumulo, ndi ena ndi mantha. kuphatikiza zikuwoneka zosadabwitsa kuti Spearman zikuwoneka moyo. Chifaniziro akutsutsana ndi zithunzi akewo khalidwe la nthawi yoyamba luso.

ovomerezeka

Pa mtima wa pomanga thupi "Doriphor" Policlet kuyika zimatsatira mawerengedwe ndi vuto la Pythagoreanism. Chithunzi mfiti wamwamuna thupi mobwerezabwereza liwonerere otsatira ake ndi umatchedwa "Policlet ovomerezeka". Ndiponso akutchulidwa ndemanga ndi ziboliboli, amene anaperekedwa ziphunzitso zoyamba za Pythagoras ndi mawerengedwe masamu wa kufanana. ziboliboli ntchito sizinawakhudze ife lero adzaweruza iwo, asayansi angakhoze kokha kupyolera mu zolembedwa za m'nthawi mlembi.

M'munsi zikuchokera - kuwoloka kayendedwe m'goli la thupi. Pa dzanja lamanja ndi adatchithisira thandizo mwendo malo amodzi, koma pano. Anasiya mbali lolingana kwa thupi ali omasuka, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mu filimu. Ndi kutsutsa uku Policlet analephera kupereka mkati bata khalidwe ndi munthawi yomweyo okonzeka kukayezetsa iliyonse.

Golden Gawo

Pamene fano lisanalengedwe "Doryphoros" Polycleitus ntchito ndi mfundo ina Pythagoreanism. onse anapangira thupi pomanga malinga ndi ulamuliro wa chigawo golide. Mwachidule angathe kukonza motere: kutalika kwa chinthu lonse kapena thupi amatanthauza zambiri, yotsirizira kuchepetsa. Kutalika kwa fanolo amatanthauza mtunda kuchokera pedestal kuti Mchombo spearman, yotsirizira ku mtunda kwa Mchombo pamwamba pa mutu.

anapangira onse chosema imvera kuwerengetsera ena. Ndi chiŵerengero abwino ziwalo, kulola kuti akonze wankhondo wokongola, osati yaitali kapena wamfupi koma wojintcha chithunzi ndipo anayesa kubwereza ophunzira ambiri amaphunzira kukopera "Doriphor". Iripano kufanana awa:

• mtunda kuchokera vertex kuti chibwano ndi nthawi 7 poyerekeza kutalika spearman;

• kwa maso kwa chibwano - 16;

• nkhope kutalika - 10.

Ulamuliro wa chigawo golide ndi chiŵerengero njila Polycleitus anati mu maphunziro onse. Iye anakana amaphunzira atayamba kutsutsa magawo zachilengedwe thupi mu chosema makamaka.

contrapposto

Polycleitus oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira contrapposto, amene anadzakhala tingachipeze powerenga. Iwo chimaonetsera nthawi mu mtanda mavuto manja ndi mapazi. Kuvomereza kumabweretsa udindo kwambiri zachilengedwe, kusonyeza cikole ku gulu lake. Ziboliboli, pogwiritsa ntchito contrapposto, akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi ziboliboli ndi malo amodzi a masiku amakedzana. Iwo akamachita wamoyo anthu, koma makope mazira milungu.

Ntchito pa ziboliboli Polycleitus akhayang'ana anthu. Anaona kuti pali gawo limodzi la kayendedwe thupi amachititsa kusintha malo ndi zina. Iye sanali woyamba kuwaona Mbali imeneyi, koma kuposa ena akhoza kupatsira. Monga ena akalambula wake, iye anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kuti apitirize mwendo kumanzere ndi dzanja lamanja kapena mwendo ndi dzanja anachoka kufala kwa apaulendo. Izi n'zimene mbali mtanda wa thupi, amene zinachititsa contrapposto mfundo.

Mwatsoka, ife sizinawakhudze fano pachiyambi, amene analengedwa Polycleitus. "Doryphoros" chithunzi amasonyeza zabwino, m'mabaibulo kupulumuka kwa fano ophatikizapo Canon wokongola thupi wamwamuna. Komabe, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti oyamba anataya m'zaka, anayang'ana kwambiri zogwirizana. Komabe, "Doryphoros" ndi chitsanzo chabwino pa luso masiku ano. thupi kufanana ndi chiŵerengero golide, ntchito kulenga, ndipo ankaona abwino lero. Lero chosema "Doriphor" tinganene kuti mtundu wa nkhani yophunzitsa, osati kokha kwa Osema, komanso kwa amisiri ndi ambuye ena.