Phula dziko: makhalidwe ndi ntchito

Poyamba, kampani processing mafuta anakakamizika kuwotcha dziko madzi ntchito zounikira akhala sanathe kupereka condensate wotsatira petrochemical processing. Tsopano anaphunzira kunyamulidwa ndi ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Kotero yosamalika ndipo alibe kupanga pa kuyaka zosafunika zoipa.

Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa dziko

Mpweya umene umapanga ndi hydrocarbon losavuta amatanthauza. Ndi opepuka kuposa mpweya, si poizoni, ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi, alibe fungo noticeable. Akukhulupirira kuti dziko si owopsa kwa anthu, koma anthu podziwika ndi zotsatira zake pa dongosolo chapakati ndi autonomic mantha. KUCHULUKA m'nyumba mu mlengalenga pa ndende ya ku 4% 17% amakhala zachiwawa. Choncho, kwa anapeza munthu wake (popanda zida) kwa dziko kawirikawiri anawonjezera chinthu chapadera, chokhala fungo mpweya. Zimatanthauza mpweya woipa. The dziko ndi yochepa chomwa mankhwalawa katundu kuti wofooka otsika solubility mu madzi.

Ndi chiyambi, mankhwala chifukwa ndi zosiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala lagawidwa:

• Biogenic (organic);
• abiotic (zochita kupanga);
• mabakiteriya (tizilombo);
• thermogenic (thermochemical njira).

Konzekerani mpweya komanso zasayansi ndi Kutentha anhydrous koloko laimu kapena hydroxide ndi sodium ndi asidi acetic, mazira.

Dziko mu chikhalidwe madzi ali buku nthawi 600 kakang'ono kuposa mu mpweya. Choncho, zoyendera zosavuta ndi kusunga izo pansi pa liquefaction. Phula dziko - ndi madzi colorless wopanda fungo. Iwo akuzisunga pafupifupi katundu wa mpweya. Tili kuthamanga madzi dziko ndi 4,58 MPa (Mph, limene kumakhaladi madzi).

Kukhalapo mu chikhalidwe

Mpweya umene umapanga membala ndipo ndicho constituent zinthu mpweya zotsatirazi:

• Natural (98%);
• mafuta (40-90%);
• bog (99%);
• wanga (35-50%);
• matope mapiri (pa 94%).

Iwo anapezeka ku zikuchokera madzi a m'nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja. Pano mu mlengalenga maiko ammwamba amenewa, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus ndi mpweya mu pamwamba pa Moon. A ambiri ali seams malasha. Izi zimapangitsa yopanga mu penetrations chatsekedwa ntchito zachiwawa.

luso Lng

Koyera dziko lachokera ku gasi, kuchotsa zikuluzikulu ena: ethane, propane, byuteni ndi asafe. Kuti mupeze madzi dziko mpweya ali wothinikizidwa akutsatiridwa ndi yozizira. ndondomeko liquefaction ikuchitika m'zinthu. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji, voliyumu yafupika nthawi 12. Monga likukhalira madzi mu mkombero lomaliza. Liquefaction ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomera pakati pawo:

• fulumizitsa;
• ndi Turbo-ndege;
• Turbo-expander.

Njira zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kugwa;
• kukula.

Mu dera kugwa amagwiritsa wothandizila kuzirala atatu. Pamene madzi dziko kutentha amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono. umisiri umenewu umafuna likulu ndalama lalikulu. Panthawi ndondomeko ili bwino ndipo anayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo osakaniza refrigerants (ethane ndi propane). uphungu umene wakhala kudzikonda kuzirala, monga zinthu zimenezi analandira kuchokera mpweya liquefied achilengedwe. Ndalama pang'ono utachepa, koma adakali mkulu.

Mu ntchito machenjerero patsogolo ntchito mafuta ambiri-imayenera makina centrifugal. The osakaniza Pre-mwayeretsa kwa madzi ndi Mankhwala oipitsa ena ndipo liquefied opanikizika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi ozizira kukodzedwa mpweya mtsinje. Komabe, njira imeneyi kumafuna ndalama wamkulu wa mphamvu kuposa mu kugwa (25-35%). Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ndalama ndalama likulu la compressors ndi ntchito zipangizo.

Kutentha kwa dziko madzi opangidwa ndi ndondomeko pamwamba, avareji madigiri 162.

Ntchito dziko

Kuchuluka kwa dziko monga boma gaseous kapena madzi, ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Izo ntchito nkhuni, monga chuma yaiwisi kwa makampani, panyumba, monga anabolic mankhwala chifukwa kuwonjezeka thupi misa Taphunzira.

kuyaka chosakwanira cha dziko kutulutsa mpweya wakuda chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani :. Mu labala, mitundu inki, nsapato osalala, etc. Komanso ntchito yopanga asidi hydrocyanic acid acetic, methanol, acetylene, amoniya, mpweya disulfide, monga mafuta mafuta (wosatha moto).

The dziko madzi ntchito ngati mafuta galimoto kwa magalimoto. Iye octeni nambala 15% kuposa a mafuta, komanso mtengo wapatali calorific ndi odana ndi kugogoda katundu. Feedback ku dziko madzi combusted pafupifupi mwathunthu ndi pamene bwino anaika pa zida ziwalo galimoto amapezeka mwachilungamo waukulu chuma poyerekeza ndi mafuta (pa maulendo wautali).

gasi Izi mwakhama ntchito popanga mankhwala kuwonjezera thupi misa Taphunzira. Pa maziko ake zilipo njira monga "Dianoged", "Danabol", "Nerobolum" amene ali mu ankafuna. Akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala awa ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thupi la munthu;

• kulimbitsa mafupa;
• yotithandiza mapangidwe makhalidwe kugonana;
• kuwotcha wosanjikiza mafuta;
• kuwonjezera chipiriro;
• imathandizira mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe.

Komabe, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mankhwala onse ali ndi mavuto, Choncho iwo ayenera kumwedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti ulimi wa dziko madzi ndi malo zingamuthandize kwambiri malonda masiku ano.