Republic Kuban Anthu: history, gawo makonzedwe

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa yowala ya Civil nkhondo mu South la Russia anali chilengedwe cha Republic wodziimira anthu m'gawo la Kuban ndi ulamuliro wake wa Bolsheviks ndiponso White Alonda ku mongodzipereka ankhondo, amene anayesera kuti atenge ake pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Kuti mudziwe mmene zinthu zinasintha izi nkhani zonse modabwitsa anauza nkhani.

Gawo, mbendera ndi odula manja a mabwalo utangoyamba

Dera la Kuban Republic Anthu a adalalika mu February 1918, wakhala yaikulu kwambiri ndipo anakwana 94400 km². Iwo linayambira ku Yeisk estuary (Bay kwa Nyanja Azov) kumpoto kwa waukulu Caucasus mapiri kum'mwera. Dera la kumadzulo kwa iwo anafika Kerch Khwalala ndi kum'mawa umalandira m'chigawo Black Sea, likulu amene anali Novorossiysk.

Flag of Kuban umaimira gulu olekanitsidwa ndi yopingasa buluu, kapezi ndi mikwingwirima wobiriwira, ndi m'lifupi Mzere apakatikati anali kawiri kuposa koopsa. Phindu lililonse mtundu sanali atathana zopelekedwa, koma amaganiza kuti limaimira kapezi ya Black Sea Cossacks - mbadwa za Cossacks ndi, buluu - wolowa a Don Cossacks, ndi wobiriwira - ndi Cossacks, amene anali Muslim mapiri. Anali Republic ndi malaya ake a nkhondo, ndi chithunzi chimene anaika nkhaniyi.

Dominican Kuban Anthu n'chiyani?

Internal Design a boma lonena ndi dongosolo walunjika ataman mutu ndi pa yomweyo mkulu asilikali. udindo wake anali ndi kuikidwa kwa mamembala a boma, iye anasankhidwa ndi mawu a zaka 4 Kuban Rada ndi m'mphepete, amene pamodzi ndi Kuban Rada malamulo ndi wapamwamba malamulo thupi la dziko la maphunziro.

Republic Kuban Anthu a mu 1918 kapangidwe kake ndale anali sakanikira kwambiri, ndi zambiri za anthu ankaikira awiri magulu ambiri kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo, chuma wamphamvu, ankatchedwa "Chernomorets" ndi wopangidwa makamaka a oimira Black Sea Chiyukireniya olankhula Cossacks ataima pa mfundo Odzipatula. Chernomortsy anaitana kwa chilengedwe cha wodziimira Kuban State logwirizana ndi Ukraine mfundo feduro.

Othandiza gulu lachiwiri ndale, amatchedwa "Lineytsev" ankaikira kulowa Kuban mu "limodzi ndi indivisible Russia." Panthawi imene, pamene panali Kuban Republic Anthu (1918-1920 gg.) Pakati pa magulu andale anachita osatekeseka kulimbana, nthawi zina umakhala lakuthwa kwambiri. mwachangu Special izo wapereka kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kuban Bolshevik boma.

Kusankha mfundo malangizo

Mu 1918, Republic ya Kuban anthu, komanso aphedwe anakhala mbali imodzi ya ndondomeko ambiri kulanda mphamvu m'manja mwa Bolsheviks, amene ankathandiza m'chigawo Black Sea, ulamuliro umene iwo anakhazikitsa mwamsanga December 1917.

Kodi angathe kutsimikizira khama la Bolsheviks m'dera Kuban, kwakukulukulu kudalira pa mbali iti adzakhala Cossacks m'deralo, amene wotanganidwa nthawi kuti kudikira ndi chiyani kufotokoza thandizo lotseguka kwa iwo kapena mdani wawo waukulu - White Muzikonza Army, amene anamenya kum'mwera kwa Russia.

Amachititsa, rebounding ku Cossacks a boma latsopanolo

Koma chifukwa cha kugwa kwa 1918 anabwera atasintha mu mtima wa Cossacks. chifukwa chake chinali chosiyana kwa zofuna zawo ulamuliro anathamangitsa ndi Bolsheviks mu madera m'manja mwawo. Iwo anali zili katundu wa dziko a wakale Cossack Army, komanso kukonzanso kwa zapansi malo dziko, anali ndi mwambo yaitali.

Sparking zionetsero ufulu wofanana ndi Cossacks ndi zigawo otsala a anthu a m'deralo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti incitement chidani mezhsoslovnoy zambiri yankhanza mikangano wamagazi. Pomaliza, mbali yofunika kwambiri kusankha kwawo ankaimba zochitika kuchuluka kwa looting ndi kuba wachita mayunitsi wa Red Army, ndipo anagwirira Bolshevik utsogoleri amachita Decossackization, mwachitsanzo kulandidwa kwa Cossacks ufulu ndale ndi pa nkhondo.

Chiyambi cha kulimbana ndi Bolsheviks

Chifukwa, mwa chaka cha 1918, ambiri Cossacks anakhala otsutsa boma latsopanolo, ndipo pafupifupi onse Kuban Republic Anthu a m'gulu la odana Bolshevik kuyenda. Mu zinthu izi, Kuban dera Rada, ndipo, kotero, ndi kumvera asilikali ake anayesa kukopa awiri odana Bolshevik, koma zinthu mosiyana ndi mnzake magulu ankhondo ndi andale - utsogoleri wa m'chigawo cha Don Cossacks ndi boma Chiyukireniya. Chotero mpikisano kuti kupewedwa kanthu limodzi imafoola yekha kulimbikira wonse wa mayunitsi patsogolo wa Red Army ndi chisokonezo mu kayendedwe odana Bolshevik.

Mu August 1918, pambuyo chigonjetso cha chiwembu chimene chinayamba mu Taman kutsogoleredwa ndi msilikali PS Peretyatko, anakwanitsa kumasula munthu Bolsheviks banki chabwino Kuban ndi kulenga pali kumudzi odalirika nagonjetsa wa Muzikonza Army. Chifukwa cha anapeza mwayi, mayunitsi ake patsogolo pa August 17, analanda Ekaterinodar.

maganizo kotereku

Chochitika chofunika mu moyo wa Republic unachitikira atatsala pang'ono msonkhano wa boma. Pa anaganiza, malinga ndi zomwe Republic ya Kuban Anthu anapitiriza odana Bolshevik kulimbana mgwirizano ndi Muzikonza Army wa Don, osati ndi Ukraine.

Mwamwayi kenako kusankha wachititsa nkhondo ndi zotsutsana amene atasemphana atsogoleri Kuban ndi White Alonda Lamulo. kusiyana lofunika kugona chakuti Don anthu, kuganizira Kuban monga mbali ya Russia, anafuna kuchepetsa mphamvu za boma ndi subordination ake Mutu Ataman wa mkulu Don asilikali Gen. AI Denikin (chithunzi pansipa).

Kuban nawonso amanena kuti kulingana kuthetsa nkhani zofunika kwambiri zankhondo ndiponso zandale. Komanso zochita zawo anachititsa kusakhutira panokha Denikin, amene ndinatenga ulamuliro kulowerera mu zinthu mkati mwa zigawo Cossack ndi zolepheretsa njira zawo. Motero, pafupifupi anapanga pangano anayamba kugwa.

Upandu, amene anali mavuto adzaoneni

Kutulukira yomaliza pakati ogwirizana dzulo anabwera pambuyo zimene zinachitika June 19, 1919 pa South Russian msonkhano msonkhano ku Rostov kukhazikitsidwa kwa limodzi odana Bolshevik kutsogolo. Pa tsiku limenelo, N. Riabovol mutu wa boma Kuban, anawomberedwa akufa pambuyo kudzudzulidwa Denikin. wakupha wake anali membala wa utsogoleri wa Muzikonza Army.

upandu wachititsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu a mumzindawo Kuban. Cossacks ndani amene ophatikizidwa pamaso pa kagulu ka Muzikonza Army ndipo munamutcha nthawi 68,7% cha anthu ake, anayamba paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi kusiya gawo lawo. Zimenezi anapita kwambiri moti patapita miyezi 3 la asilikali Denikin a yosakwana 10%.

Chifukwa, Wodzipereka Army kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Republic Kuban Anthu zinawonongeka kwambiri ndi kufooketsa mphamvu zake nkhondo. Chifukwa, icho chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa White kuyenda.

Ulendo omaliza kuswa deadlock panopa

Mu yophukira chakumayambiriro kwa 1919 Kuban Republic Anthu, mbiri umene yatsala pang'ono kutha, iye yalengeza adani osati Bolsheviks, koma zokometsera mafumu, amene kumbuyo mu mongodzipereka Don White kuyenda.

Pa nthawi yomweyo maguluwo Regional wokondwa anali mwakhama kulimbikitsa secession ya Kuban ku Russia. Kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho pofuna kumukopa kuti kumene analenga League of Nations anapangidwa ofunsira Republic ya Kuban Anthu a mu kapangidwe kake ufulu wa mudzagwiritse palokha.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa umatha lankhondo la kasamalidwe Kuban inachita mgwirizano asilikali ndi Republic Mountain - boma, analengeza mu 1917 pa dera la dera Terek, amene likulu anali Vladikavkaz. Zotsatira pa stepi ino anakhala zambiri aggravation timakhala ndi lamulo la asilikali a South Russia ngati Muzikonza Army analipo pa nthawi imeneyo kumenyana ndi Cossack Army Mountain Republic.

Kugwa Republic ya Kuban Anthu

Mapeto udani wawo ukhale ndi amadzinenera kuti ulamuliro mu dera lalikulu anaikidwa pasadakhale Red Army mu 1920, anali kutchedwa kuti chiwerengero cha asilikali Denikin a misa chothaŵa. Mkulu anayesa kuletsa zimenezi potumiza mu chipolowe Cossack m'midzi, amene ntchito anali mupagwire ndi kubwerera kwa asilikali a mwadala achoka pakati ake. Komabe, iye wapanga ndi mkwiyo ngakhale wamkulu Kuban poyerekezera yekha ndi asilikali ake. Nthawi imeneyi, Cossacks ambiri anasiya kwa Red Army.

Kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa odana ndi Bolshevik mphamvu mu Kuban ndi a Don Army Region zinachitika mu March 1920. Ndiye Red Army unachitikira wotchuka ake Kuban-Novorossiysk ntchito. Kusiya mdani Ekaterinodar Muzikonza Corps anabwerera, ndipo asilikali Kuban, mbamuikha ndi malire a Georgia, pa May 3, capitulated.

Ngakhale kuti posachedwapa Kuban anali m'gulu RSFSR, ndi zisudzo munthu wa Cossacks maulamuliro watsopano mpaka 1925 chiyembekezo kuti Republic ya Kuban Anthu akhoza adzabadwanso kachiwiri. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti, kwa zaka zonse wotsatira, mpaka chiyambi cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, m'chigawo Kuban ndi nkhanza makamaka anali misa kupondereza ndi kumachita Decossackization ndi dispossession imene inachititsa njala, omwe anapha anthu ambirimbiri.