Republic of Osadziwika pang'ono losadziwika. Kodi mu dziko Osadziwika mayiko?

mayiko Osadziwika anamwazikana padziko lonse. Nthawi zambiri iwo anapanga kumene contiguous andale ndi azachuma zofuna za mphamvu ano, kuwauza kapena lonse, malamulo kapena dera. Motero, mayiko a kulemera West, Russia ndi China tsopano kupeza mu masewerawa ndale ndi atchulidwa, amene zimatengera, ngati analenga kapena anazindikira Republic atero ndi "sanali grata" pamaso pa ambiri a dziko.

tanthawuzo

ndi mayiko yosadziwika chiyani? Mawu amenewa amanena kuti mabungwe a boma kuti paokha analengeza achire awo ku State ena, ndipo analengeza paokha. Kuvuta ukapezeka chifukwa chakuti awa mayiko yamasika tsiku ndi losadziwika mawu a mayiko, T. E. ambiri m'mayiko savomereza iwo limati monga palokha, ndipo ankaona mbali chabe ya mayiko ena. Komabe, malinga ndi ndale maganizo, ali mbali zonse za mayiko palokha.

Kaperekedwe Independent States

mayiko odzilamulira ayenera osachepera makhalidwe zazikulu zisanu:

- dzina (mwalamulo enshrined mu zochita malamulo ndi malamulo a mabwalo wodzitcha);

- zizindikiro boma (mbendera, nyimbo, ndi zina ngakhale Constitution);

- anthu;

- maboma, nthambi zitatu za boma - malamulo, mabwana milandu (amachita anaikira mu manja a munthu);

- asilikali.

The ndondomeko ya kuzindikira States

The malamulo chimango padziko lonse mgwirizano pakati pa States yosadziwika ndipo mayiko anaika zokha. tiziiona zitatu gawo chilinganizo Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndondomeko ndi bungwe la akatswiri a "kuzindikira" mayiko de A facto, de jure zamtendere kuzindikira. Nthawi zambiri, si monga maulalo, koma njira zimene kumene analenga dziko.

Chinthu choyamba - de A facto - zikutanthauza kuti dziko imene analengeza ufulu wodzilamulira, ndipo amakumana makhalidwe onse a boma mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

Chinthu chachiwiri - pa de A jure. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mphamvu anazindikira akhoza kugona amgwirizano ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo mbali yachiwiri kungakhale mabwalo yosadziwika. Russia ndi mayiko ena a dziko, zodabwitsazi ndi bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu XX m'ma US kugona mtchatho ndi Taiwan unilaterally popereka lamulo wapadera.

Chachitatu akuimira mapeto ofunda ubale yapakati boma kudzera consulates ndi akazembe. Ichi ndi mlingo wokweretsa la kuzindikira mayiko a limati kuyambika.

nkhani

Mu mapu ndale za dzikoli kwa nthawi yaitali pali limati amene sakudziwika ndi mayiko onse a dziko (ku mawonedwe a mayiko), koma ali ndi zizindikiro zonse za ufulu. Chitsanzo cha oyamba a mayiko yosadziwika cha zokambirana za masiku ano amatchedwa Manchukuo, Japan unakhazikitsidwa mu 1932 ku China.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, m'madera onse a dziko ayamba kutuluka kwa Republic, sapatsidwa kapena pang'ono anazindikira limene anthu padziko lonse. Izi zinaphatikizapo kale atsamunda katundu metropolises, yomwe makamaka Africa ndi Asia.

Kukula waukulu mu mfundo za kuchuluka kwa limati yosadziwika inayamba mu 90s wa XX atumwi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iwo angatchedwe "yosadziwika", "linanena de A facto", "Dipatimenti", "breakaway" ndi zina zotero. D.

mafashoni maonekedwe

mayiko Osadziwika a dziko ndi nkhani yosiyana. Koma mapangidwe awo amatenga malo nkhani yofanana. Choncho, ngati inu kuphunzira chizolowezi andale, n'zotheka dzina asanu nkhani zikuluzikulu:

1. Chifukwa cha kusintha. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri angatchedwe maphunziro a Republic pambuyo October kuukira boma mu ufumu wakale Russian.

2. Chifukwa cha dziko nkhondo yomenyele ufulu wadziko. Zikuphatikizapo kudziletsa ananena breakaway Republic, analengeza ufulu wodzilamulira chifukwa cha zachitikadi, malamulo kapena mapangano lonse. Izi limati lonena za USA akhoza zimachitika, Soviet Union wakale , ndi ena.

3. Chifukwa, pambuyo nkhondo kulekana. Mwachitsanzo, Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World unakhazikitsidwa ku Germany ndi GDR ndi FRG. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Korea anapanga DPRK ndi Republic of Korea. Mbali yapadera mu nkhani iyi ndi kuti pachiyambi analengedwa ndi awiri kapena kuposa States alibe kuzindikira ufulu wina ndi mzake.

4. Chifukwa cha ufulu wa chuma kale atsamunda a matauni. A chitsanzo chapadera - ndi madera wakale wa dziko la Britain.

5. Chifukwa wa masewera geopolitical wa limati losadziwika. Izi otchedwa mabacteria gawo lotetezedwa kapena "zidole limati" - Far East Republic, boma Independent la Croatia, ndi ena.

kufanizitsa

mayiko onse yosadziwika akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu pa muyezo zosiyanasiyana. Kutithandiza kuona nkhani iyi ndi chikhalidwe cha ulamuliro pa gawo. Motero, tili mitundu 4 mabungwe onse:

1. Osadziwika limanena kuti ndi kulamulira madera ake. Zikuphatikizapo kumpoto Cyprus ndi Transdnistria.

2. States, mbali kulamulira mbali ya malire ace, ndi losadziwika - Tamil Eelam, South Ossetia, ndi ena.

3. States, anapanga pansi pa protectorate ya anthu padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, Kosovo, mwalamulo gawo la Serbia, koma kwenikweni olamulidwa ndi UN kuyambira 1999.

4. quasi - mafuko amene sanalandire ufulu kukhalanso. Mmodzi wa zedi mu ndale masiku ano dziko ndi Kurds kuti wodzitcha Kurdistan, lili m'dera la limati zinayi: Syria, Iraq, Turkey ndi Iran.

De facto ndi de A jure

Mndandanda wonse wa mayiko yosadziwika zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2 yotakata - "de facto" ndi "de jure".

De facto kuzindikira ndi chosakwanira ndipo akufotokoza kusadalira durability ndi zopezera boma la m'dzikolo. Izi zikhoza kukhala asapita consular, koma iwo sadzakhala kuvomerezedwa.

Kuzindikira de A jure komaliza ndi wofanana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndikofunika kupereka mwayi ofanana mayiko ndi maiko onse membala wa UN. Kawirikawiri limodzi ndi mawu lovomerezeka ndi mapangano.

Tikumbukenso kuti panopa pali uthunthu wonse wa mbali mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi zomwe boma kumene analenga adzakhala wa de A facto kapena de A jure. M'dziko zokambirana kokha malamulo angapo a kuzindikira States.

Udindo wa limati yosadziwika mu mgwirizano wa mayiko

Modern yosadziwika mayiko osati malo kuti akhale mu zolembedwa okha oyambitsa, komanso ubale wina ndi inati anazindikira kapena formations ena yosadziwika.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, tiyenera kuona kuti pa mlingo wokweretsa zamtendere mayiko ena akhoza Osadziwika, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, maboma awo ndi kugwirizana ndi States ena. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi chuma asapita malonda. Mfundo zofunika kugwirizana mu maphunziro.

Mwamtheradi onse ubale wa Interstate zochokera kutsatira zochita, madongosolo, malamulo ndi mapangano.

mayiko Osadziwika a dziko

List of limati yosadziwika ndi opondapo, iwo uli nawo oposa 100 mfundo. izi Republic zili m'mayiko 60. Mndandanda kumaphatikizapo pang'ono anazindikira limati yosadziwika pang'ono yosadziwika.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo anthu amene ufulu anazindikira ndi mphamvu chabe. Mwachitsanzo, Abkhazia, anazindikira m'mayiko onse asanu, kapena ndi Turkey Republic kwa Northern Cyprus, amene anazindikira yekha ndi Turkey ndi Abkhazia.

Gulu lachiwiri la dziko wodzitcha losadziwika ndi boma lililonse - Somaliland, Puntland, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ndi ena.

Pang'ono boma yosadziwika angatchedwe chotero, chomwe anazindikira ufulu ambiri limati membala UN, koma mayiko ena sapita ku sitepe amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, Armenia ndi losadziwika ndi boma limodzi lokha - Pakistan, Cyprus - Turkey ndi Republic of Korea - DPRK.

mayiko Osadziwika wa Kisi, ndi malo enieni pa malire a maiko CIS kupitiriza kulimbirana kutchuka, kuyambira kugwa Soviet. Mwachitsanzo Abkhazia. Pambuyo Georgia analengeza achire ake ku Soviet Union, anachita nawo referendum pa kulowa kwa SSG (Commonwealth mayiko odzilamulira) amene maphunziro akusokoneza kulanda boma mu August 1991, koma lero Abkhazia anafa anazindikira boma. Komanso kuti angatchedwe ngakhale Republic Nagorno-Karabakh.

Kodi mu dziko Osadziwika mayiko? Koposa zana! Kaya ndi ochepa posachedwapa - funso lovuta kwambiri. Mwina ayi. Today vuto la limati yosadziwika ndi chimodzi mwa pachimake kwambiri, ndi kusemphana kuzindikira ndipo sanali kuzindikira za mabungwe ena lekani kwa tsiku limodzi. mfundo ndi yakuti pambuyo Soviet Union idagonjetsedwa Chidani nkhondo, West anaganiza kuti ali ndi ufulu wochita monga udindo woweruza milandu, kuphatikizapo chokhudza kuzindikira States wotero. Komabe, zenizeni panopa chuma ndi ndale kusonyeza kuti West si mphamvu osakhala pa nkhaniyi, kotero chakuti kwa mawu Crimea mu Russian Federation, kulengezedwa kwa DND wodzitcha ndi LNR kwambiri anakumana mu World Old, makamaka ku US.