The zosiyanasiyana mbalame: dzina, mafotokozedwe, malo

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za kulekana zodabwitsa mbalame mu dziko. Malinga Gawo, pali pakati pa 9800 ndi 10050 Mbalame za mitundu ano. Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, ichi ndi chithunzi chidwi.

Chiyambi cha mbalame

sayansi yamakono limanena kuti mbalame kusanduka kuchokera zokwawa akale. Pa nthawi imeneyi ena mwa zinthu wamba kapangidwe ndi zokwawa: khungu youma, nthenga, mamba ngati zokwawa, ndi kufanana kwa mazira, mazira.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Jurassic kunali mtundu wapakatikati pakati pa mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa otchedwa Archeopteryx. Kumapeto kwa Mesozoic, pali mbalame weniweni. mbalame Modern Mbali chosiyana mwapang'onopang'ono kuti kusiyanitsa iwo ku zokwawa. Kutacha ziwalo kumva, kuona, kuyenda kayendedwe ndi malo ena mu kotekisi oziziritsa, maonekedwe a magazi ofunda, chifukwa cha kusintha mu kachitidwe mantha ndi kupuma, pamaso pa mtima zinayi chambered ndi mapapo chofewa ngati siponji.

The zosiyanasiyana mbalame

Tsopano dziko mbalame yosiyanasiyana. mbalame zonse angathe kugawidwa atatu superorder:

1. Ratites. Ambiri mwa mamembala a gulu ili ndi mapiko bwino otukuka. Izi mbalame kuuluka, koma amatha mwamsanga komanso kuthamanga. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi nthiwatiwa African yemwe amakhala udzu theka-m'zipululu ndi steppes la Africa, Australia ndi ku South America.
2. Anyani. gulu yosowa kwambiri. mamembala ake moyo makamaka mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera, m'mphepete mwa Antarctica. Mbalame simungakhoze kuuluka, koma kusambira bwino. forelimbs awo kusinthidwa mu zipsepse. Anyani pa ayezi akusuntha mu malo choimirira ndi kutsetsereka ndi kujambula pa mchira. Choona chidwi n'chakuti samanga zisa. Iwo dzira pa nembanemba a nthambi, kuwabisa pansi m'makwinya a mafuta pamimba ndi. Nthawi zambiri mkulu wosanjikiza mafuta amateteza anyani ozizira.
3. Muyezo. gulu ili lalikulu kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo mayunitsi zoposa makumi awiri. Iwo passerines, kurinoobraznye, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Woodpeckers ndi zina zotero. D.

Monga mbali ya m'nkhaniyi ife ndikufuna ndikuonetsereni kusiyana kwa mbalame zitsanzo za ena oimira dziko nthenga, chifukwa cha nkhani zonse sangathe.

nthiwatiwa

African nthiwatiwa - waukulu mbalame dziko. Poyamba, iwo ankapatsidwa, ndi zina zokhudza mitundu, rheas ndi emus. Komabe, akatswiri amakono kukhulupirira kuti malamulo munthu. Kotero tsopano, kuchokera mfundo za sayansi view pali mmodzi yekha kwenikweni nthiwatiwa - African.

Chinthu choyamba chimene zosayembekezereka mwa mbalame, kotero izo zinali kukula ake yaikulu. Kutalika kwa si zosakwana mahatchi chachikulu. Nthiwatiwa kutalika ranges ku mamita 1.8 kuti 2,7, ndi masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 75. Pali ngakhale amuna zikuluzikulu, zimene kulemera kwa makilogalamu 131. Mwachibadwa, ambiri kukula wabwera kuchokera khosi ndi miyendo. A mutu wa mbalame M'malo mwake, ali wamng'ono kwambiri, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kuposa ubongo nthiwatiwa, chimene amasonyezedwa luntha la mbalame.

Nthenga za mbalame kukula wogawana thupi lonse, ndi zoona ambiri a mbalame anayikidwa pa mizere wakupambulika dzinache pteriliyami. nthiwatiwa African alibe muyezo, koma chifukwa iwo ndinazolowera ndege. Koma miyendo ndi ntchito zabwino ndi kuthamanga. Mbalame ali ndi miyendo yaitali kwambiri ndi musculature kwambiri anayamba wa miyendo. Pa lililonse mwendo pali zala ziwiri zokha. Wina kukula kwambiri ndi claw, wina ang'onoang'ono. Chala chachiwiri zimathandiza kudziwa bwino pamene akuthamanga.

Pa thupi, mchira ndi mapiko a mbalame nthenga zambiri, koma mutu, khosi ndi miyendo ndi yochepa pansi, zikuoneka kuti iwo ali amaliseche. Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana African nthiwatiwa nthenga ochekenera. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana mwina coloration zosiyanasiyana za miyendo ndi mulomo.

Habitat nthiwatiwa African

Nthiwatiwa African amakhala pafupifupi lonse Africa, iyo siingakhoze imapezeka mu Sahara ndi Africa North. Panali nthawi imene mbalame anakhala pa dziko pafupi ndi Africa, Syria ndi Arabiya.

Nthawi zambiri akadzidzi amakonda zigwa lotseguka. Iwo okhala mitengo youma, udzu busa, theka-zipululu. Koma m'nkhalango, moorland, m'chipululu mchenga wotitimira sanakonde. Ichi ndi chifukwa pali iwo sangakhoze kukhala mkulu liwiro pamene akuthamanga. Amatsogolera moyo wongokhala, pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. kawirikawiri kumunyamula angakhale monga anthu 50, ndipo iwo akhoza kudyetsa pamodzi ndi antelopes ndi mbidzi. Mu paketiyo palibe kukhalitsa, koma ufumu bwino akulamulira. Olemekezeka kugwira mchira ndipo khosi owongoka ndi owayimilira ofooka - obliquely. ntchito mbalame zikusonyezedwa madzulo ndi usiku, ndi pa kutentha kwa tsiku mpumulo.

Nthiwatiwa ndi mopusa pa dzanja limodzi, ndi pa zina - mosamala kwambiri. Akamadya, nthawi yoyang'ana mozungulira mozungulira, woyeza malo ozungulira. Kuona adani ake, achotsedwa mofulumira, safuna kulimbana ndi mdani wa. Iwo ali maso wabwino kwambiri. mdani akhoza muzindikire kilometre. nyama zambiri kuwayang'anira khalidwe la nthiwatiwa, ngati iwo alibe lingaliro labwino. Nthiwatiwa akhoza kukhala liwiro la makilomita 70 pa ola limodzi, ndipo nthawi zina, ndi kwa makilomita 90 pa ola limodzi.

mpheta

Ndikuyankhula zomwe zosiyanasiyana mbalame pa dziko, tipite kwa nthumwi lalikulu la munthu kakang'ono - kuti mpheta lapansi. Pakuti ife, ngati mbalame ndi bwino kuyambira ali mwana. Mpheta - mbalame kofala mizinda ndi midzi. Iye yaing'ono kukula, masekeli magalamu 20 mpaka 35. Mbalame akulowa vrobinoobraznyh detachment, amene kuwonjezera kwa iye, pali zambiri kuposa 5000 mitundu. Nthumwi yaikulu ya gulu - nkhungubwi, ndi laling'ono - wren.

Mpheta - mbalame nalo dzina lake kalelo. Ndipo ndi chifukwa chakuti mbalame amakonda kukathira nkhondo minda alimi. Awapitikitsa, anthu anali kufuula "mbala kugunda."

Mitundu iwiri ya mpheta zopezeka mu Russia: nyumba (mzinda) ndi okongoletsedwa. Choona chidwi ndi kuti mtundu uwu wa mbalame uli ndi dongosolo chapadera cha maso, ndi kuona dziko lonse mbalame pinki. Tsiku mpheta amadya ndalama kwambiri mphamvu, choncho sakhoza kusala kwa masiku opitirira awiri.

nyumba mpheta

Mbalame nthenga ndi zofiirira ndi mikwingwirima kotenga wakuda. Kutalika si upambana seventini masentimita, ndi kulemera zosaposa magalamu 35. Tangoganizani dziko la mbalame ndi yosiyanasiyana ndipo eni chuma chokha nyumba mpheta ali oposa 16 mitundu. Kamodzi mbalame imapezeka kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Koma Kenako mpheta anakakhala pafupifupi maiko kupatula kozizira. Tsopano iwo Tingaone ngakhale mu South Africa, America, Australia, kumene iwo anabweretsedwa pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Tikumbukenso kuti mpheta nthawi kuthetsa pafupi mwamuna ndi kutsogolera moyo kuthetsedwa. Ndipo kokha mbalame zamoyo m'madera kwambiri kumpoto amasamukira yozizira mu climes otentha.

Mpheta - mnzawo wosatha wa munthu. Iwo yodziwika ndi chonde mkulu. Chifukwa cha chakudya chawo ndi chomera chakudya. Koma mbalame amakodwa tizilombo kwa anapiye a kadzidziyo awo. M'midzi, mbalame zimauluka mu minda kukatenga mbewu uko. Nthawi zina mpheta n'kumamujompha mwendo zipatso ndi mabulosi minda, potero kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa anthu.

Pa yotentha munthu akhoza kubweretsa awiri kapena atatu mibadwo ya ana.

dokowe

Dokowe - mbalame zachilendo. Iwo kalekale chizindikiro cha mtendere pa dziko lapansi. White mbalame wokongola komanso wachisomo kuti za nyimbo wake wapangidwa ambiri ndi ndakatulo. Banja la storks ankaimira mitundu khumi ndi ziwiri. Izi ndi anthu m'malo lalikulu. Mu akula iwo kufika mita mu msinkhu, ndi ali wingspan mamita awiri. storks onse yaitali miyendo, khosi ndi mbalame.

Iwo wamba pafupifupi dziko lonselo. Iwo amakhala osati kotentha, komanso M'madera a zitunda kotentha. Anthu amenewa kuti moyo mu nyengo yofunda, musati kuuluka kwa dzinja, pamene ena anali kuyenda mu Africa ndi India. Moyo nkhuku kwa zaka makumi awiri.

Mitundu wodziwika ndi dokowe woyera. Mbalame dziko kuyambira nthawi yakale, umboni ndi zokumbidwa pansi. mitundu ili pafupi chete, chifukwa iye chimanga chosakhwima kwathunthu amapilira zingwe.

Storks imadziŵika chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo, chifukwa iwo amatha kupanga ndege yaitali kwambiri.

Moyo ndi zakudya nkhuku kumadalira malo okhala. White Mbalame Yotchedwa Dokowe wakonda lowland meadows ndi m'madambo. Nthawi zina kukhazikika pa madenga a nyumba, kupanga chisa. Iwo kudya chakudya cha chiyambi nyama: abuluzi, achule, tizilombo, mbewa yaing'ono. Dokowe - wokongola chabwino mbalame.

swans

Tsekwe - woyera mbalame anagonjetsa kukongola konse ndi wopambana. Kagulu ka mbalame odziwika zikuphatikizapo 7 mitundu. Ambiri, swans a banja la abakha, ndi achibale awo wapafupi ndi brant atsekwe.

Swans - ndi yaikulu waterfowl mbalame zakutchire. Masekeli mpaka makilogalamu eyiti. Mbalame yaitali kwambiri ndi kusintha khosi, mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo amakhala ndi chiphunzitso yache. Miyendo ya mbalame yochepa mokwanira ndi okonzeka ndi nembanemba wapadera kusambira. Pa dziko iwo kuyenda zikuoneka zovuta kwambiri. The mafuta England mbalame allocates girizi wapadera, umene nthenga musati zilowerere mu madzi.

swans onse ndi mitundu chomwecho - woyera, wakuda tsekwe ndi kokha kumasiyana.

Iwo amakhala North ndi South America, Europe ndi ku Asia ndi Australia. Kawirikawiri kukhazikika pa magombe za malo, kumene mukhoza kukhala ndi nyanja yaing'ono, ndi thambo lalikulu la madzi, monga mitsinje kapena kumalo.

swans onse akhoza kugawidwa mu kum'mwera ndi kumpoto. South amatsogolera moyo wongokhala, ndipo ndi kuuluka kumpoto kwa dzinja. Eurasian mbalame yozizira mu South ndi ku Central Asia, ndi US m'nyengo yozizira ku California ndipo Florida.

mbalame Live zambiri awiriawiri. Iwo ali chete ndi bata m'mutu. Mawu a mbalame mafoni mokwanira, koma iwo anatumikira mawu ali osowa kwambiri, koma tsekwe wosalankhula akanangokhoza hiss mu nkhani ya ngozi.

Monga mbalame ntchito chakudya impso, mbewu ndi mizu ya zomera za m'madzi, udzu ndi yaing'ono invertebrates m'madzi. Dyetsani ali mu madzi akuya plunging mutu. Koma mbalame sangathe kuyenda pansi pa madzi.

Bee mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird

Tinakambirana za mfundo nthiwatiwa African - ndi mbalame yaikulu. mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird ndi laling'ono-njuchi. Izi mbalame Cuba sikuti kakang'ono dziko, komanso zing'onozing'ono magazi ofunda cholengedwa Padziko Lapansi. The wamwamuna ali ndi kutalika kwa zosaposa zisanu masentimita ndipo palibe zolemera kwambiri kuposa awiri tatifupi pepala, ndi kulemera. Koma akazi amakhala akuluakulu pang'ono. Dzina lokha zikusonyeza kuti mbalame zimenezi pazokha kuposa njuchi.

Mbalame zing'onozing'ono - kudya ndi yamphamvu kwambiri wokhalapo. mapiko chonyezimira kupanga izo zikuwoneka ngati mwala wamtengo wapatali. Komabe, si nthawi zonse zooneka osiyanasiyana mtundu, zonse zimadalira ngodya yakanema.

Ngakhale kukula kakang'ono, mbalame amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kubalana zomera. Izo ntchentche ku maluwa kwa maluwa yosonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma ndi Zikuluzikulu ake zoonda, nthawi yomweyo posamutsa mungu maluwa kwa maluwa. Mu tsiku lina, pang'ono maulendo njuchi mmodzi ndi theka maluwa zikwi.

Kolibri kumanga yokha chikho woboola pakati zitsulo si oposa 2.5 masentimita awiri. Iwo trudge kuchokera ku makungwa, lichens ndi cobwebs. Iwo mbalame kutchera mazira awiri ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa mtola a.

mbalame nkhalango

Apa ndi pamene mukhoza kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana panopa mbalame, kotero izo ziri mu nkhalango. Ndipotu, ndi kunyumba kwa mbalame zambiri. Pa nthawi iliyonse, mukhoza kukwanitsa chiwerengero m'modzi mwa iwo. Apa mbalame zakutchire yokhotakhota zisa zawo, kupeza chakudya chawo ndipo tikuona anapiye a kadzidziyo. Wandiweyani masamba amateteza mbalame kwa adani ndi nyengo yoipa. Kuyenda kudutsa m'nkhalango, mungathe kumva zosiyanasiyana mau a mbalame, ife sakuwaona koma kumva nyimbo zake zokongola ndi bwino kuyambira ubwana "Cuckoo".

mbalame zimene moyo mu nkhalango zathu? Dziko la mbalame iwo ali wolemera, ndi kovuta ati mitundu yonse. Tiyeni tikumbukire yekha wotchuka kwambiri: grouse, woodpeckers, nutcracker, swifts, akadzidzi, nightingales, wakuda grouse, akadzidzi, cuckoos, mphungu, mphodza, nutcrackers, malalanje magazi, flycatchers, chickadees, hawks, crossbill, Piggy ndi ena ambiri. Forest mbalame ndinazolowera moyo m'nkhalango nkhalango. Aliyense wa mitundu amakhala m'madera ena a dziko, mu malo lililonse okha. Choona chidwi ndi mwamtheradi mbalame zonse za m'nkhalango azikhala mu gawo lawo, koma mwa iwo yoopsa zolusa, ndipo mbalame chabwinobwino mwamtheradi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Monga kusakanikirana chodabwitsa.

wamba mbalamezi

Mbalamezi - mbalame yaing'ono ndi nthenga yowala. Zikuuluka mtundu amapita ku mdima misana buluu kuti mimba yowala lalanje. Mlomo wa nankapakapa ndi mwachizolowezi: yaitali ndi molunjika. Akazi ali ang'onoang'ono kuposa amuna. Khazikika mbalame m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, m'mayiwewa, nyanja, mitsinje. Ambiri, mu malo amenewo kumene kuli chete, madzi.

Koma zisa zawo pa magombe a phompho pakati tchire. Kingfishers bwino ndi kuona mapiri, nthawizina selyas kumeneko.

The awiri a mbalame kubwera pamodzi kokha mu nyengo mating. Pa gawo la Russia - ndi za theka lachiwiri la April, pambuyo pochokera nyengo yofunda. amuna zisa ndi akazi kukumba milomoyo, miyendo ikulendewera pansi. Mink zambiri ili pafupi ndi madzi ndi bwino camouflaged ndi nthambi.

Ndipotu n'zosadabwitsa kuti mphanga wanu kingfishers kubwerera kwa nyengo zingapo. Mkati si monga zisa amenewa, kuikira mazira mwachindunji pansi. Nthawi zina pali azipereka zinyalala iliyonse. Kawirikawiri, akazi kutchera mazira awiri, ndipo nthawizina khumi. Waikira mazira motsatizana akutiakuti, chachimuna ndi chachikazi.

Pakati kingfishers ndi monga anthu maulendo ataliatali ndipo amangokhala. Iwo ali ofala Europe ndi ku Asia, ku Indonesia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo Africa, ku New Zealand.

Kingfishers anthu okha za madzi oyera, kuti ntchito kuweruza digirii zawo za chiyero.

Chitsanzo anatchula mbalame Tingaone pa kuchuluka kwawo. Amasiyana mzake osati maonekedwe, komanso moyo ndi makhalidwe, ngakhale onse a suborder chomwecho.