Retro njinga: kuchokera chidali chifuniro kuti masiku ano

Njinga msika ndi waukulu kwambiri kuti mukhoza kusochera pakati pa magulu a kuchuluka kupereka sitolo (phiri, mzinda, "alendo", "dvuhpodvesny" BMX). Ndipo komabe pali kulekana kwa mitundu ndi subtypes mu gulu lirilonse. Ngati ife tikufanizira dongosolo, ndiye ku zitsanzo za zaka zapitazo, zinthu zambiri, panali ndi maganizo (pali matayala, chimango ndi chishalo). Nanga koyamba Retro-njinga, momwe iwo asintha nthawi?

Mbiri anatulukira

Maumboni limagwirira zinachitika, chokhala njinga pa njinga, malinga ndi lipoti zosatsimikiza, pali zambiri mu zopelekedwa mbiri chibwenzi ku chaka 1791. Anthu oyamba njinga Retro (chithunzi anatengedwa posachedwapa) analibe pedals, iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo munthu pamene akukankha kumapazi anu pansi. Ndipotu, anali scooters, koma si bwino kwa ife, ndipo ndi chishalo a.

The setifiketi boma kuti chidali chifuniro uyu anali Karl Pakuti Dresen mu 1818. Kwa chaka chimodzi kapena pang'ono kuposa kale, anamanga woyamba matabwa "makina kwa kuyenda" ndi bwino ndinazolowera kuti kusuntha. Malinga ndi mfundo zathu, akhoza wachinsinsi monga "begovel". chipangizo ndi ulemu wa inventor ndi umatchedwa "trolley". Iwo anali matayala zofanana, zimene gudumu kutsogolo akhoza atembenuza. Chishalo pa chimango pa msinkhu ndi kukhala kotheka kukankhira kumapazi ake ndi mbali zonse kuyenda kayendedwe ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, kukhala, kusuntha coasting pambuyo crackdown lapansi.

njinga yoyamba

patsogolo chidwi angathe kuonedwa monga zikamera wa pedals lapansi. Mu 1840 anali woyamba wokwera wosula ku Scotland. Ngo opareshoni ndi chokhethemulira mfundo. Mphamvu Akutsatira ndi ndodo polumikiza, ngati sitima akale nthunzi pa gudumu kumbuyo.

The pedals pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo, ntchito pa mfundo za kasinthasintha, okhala mu 1853 ndi ku France Per Misho. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali chishalo ndi dampers kasupe ndi mamangidwe ananyema. Atafika kumeneko masipoko a gudumu (1867) ndi zinachitika kwa galimoto unyolo (1868). Pa nthawi iyi mu Paris, woyamba Retro-njinga nawo mipikisano boma pa mtunda wa 2 Km.

Kenako mafashoni kwa njinga akangaude. Mapulani amakhala ndi lalikulu kutsogolo gudumu. pedals ndi sankalimbana nafe yomatidwa chitsulo chogwira matayala a. The awiri akuluakulu a m'mphepete kupanga njinga mode oopsa zoyendera. kutalika kwake angafikire mamita imodzi ndi theka zambiri. Komanso mlingo akhoza kukhazikitsa 30 km / h. Zoona, tokhala mu msewu anali kulamulira mavuto aakulu.

patsogolo zofunika

Mu siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha njinga Retro ndi lalikulu kutsogolo gudumu okonzeka ndi galimoto unyolo. The pedals anayikidwa pa chimango, ndi kutsogolera anali kumbuyo gudumu. Choyamba otetezeka "baysiklet" (monga Iye adayitana zatsopano G. Lawson) awiri mawilo mofanana kakulidwe (1885).

Kenako felemu anaonekera tayala mphira (1889) ndi valavu ndi mpweya m'menemo. Kusintha chimango mawonekedwe (diamondi woboola pakati), izo zakhala ngati chitsanzo ano. Mu zaka khumi zotsatira mu mapangidwe mayendedwe mpira adaonjezeredwa. Chimango zinali za machubu woonda-mipanda. Anaonekera phazi ananyema ndi kusintha magiya.

Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi akhala anayambitsa makampani njinga zipangizo zatsopano. Mu 1974, panali zitsanzo titaniyamu ndi mafelemu mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. Ndipo mu 1990 tinayamba makamaka wotchuka index dongosolo kwa imathamanga mofulumira kusinthitsa.

patsogolo luso mu Russia

Pa mapeto a XIX m'ma Retro-njinga sanali okha pa katundu wapadera wa anthu olemera a m'mizinda, koma ngakhale nambala kuyenda bwino ntchito oyang'anira tauni. Madokotala Kwalamulidwa newfangled wofuna ndiyotani pakuchotsa ndulu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbitsa msana ndi monga chida cha thanzi labwino.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX njinga wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito akuluakulu kochepa kwa maulendo. Awiri mawiro "bitsiklet" anali otchuka pakati oterewa ankakhala, clerks, atumiki. Uzigawidwa katundu ntchito tricycles (tritsiklety) ndi kayendetsedwe ka odwala ndi ovulala ndinazolowera amgwirizano wophatikizidwa lumikiza tandem ndi wokwera ulamuliro anayi.

Retro njinga USSR

Soviet makampani pambuyo ulimi kwa nthawi yaitali akhala pa amaima. Koma njinga anapitiriza chikalata. Zigawo zinkachokera ku England. Yopanga anali kusintha Kharkov njinga fakitale (HVZ). A Patapita nthawi, okonza anali wokhoza kupereka mfundo zawo. Retro njinga Soviet Union anali yosavuta yothandiza, palibe-zamkhutu opangidwa ndi kuchuluka chitonthozo.

Pambuyo anawonongera wa Civil nkhondo ndi kokha kuyambira cha m'ma 20 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo kupangidwa ndi anayambiranso. Pa HVZ chomwecho, pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa maofesi kupanga opangidwa chitsanzo otchuka "Ukraine". Ana oyamba a chitsanzo awiri mawiro linatuluka mu 1936 pa "Leningrad Metalist". Komanso makampani awiri awa ankagwira ntchito Moscow ndi Minsk Njinga Bzalani pa ZiSe ndi gasi. Mu Chilituyaniya SSR, pa Siauliai VSW, achinyamata chitsanzo, "Eaglet" linatulutsidwa.