San Marco - pa tchalitchi ku Venice. Kufotokozera, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Italy lowoneka zokopa amene mwakachetechete umboni za mbiri olemera, ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa mlendo. Wokongola Venice lofunika kwambiri pakati pa mizinda ina ya dziko, ndi katswiri wake mapulani zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.

Medieval chipilala tchalitchi di San Marco

The wakale San Marco - pa tchalitchi ku Venice, umene moyenerera anazindikira ngati chipilala kwambiri luso akale. Wokongola nyumba, amene anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma IX, Amasonkhezera mitima ya anthu, ndi kuwachititsa kumenya mofulumira pa pamaso pa zitsanzo zina za zomangamanga Byzantine mu Europe. Mu 1987, kukopa anali m'gulu mndandanda wa malo UNESCO World Heritage.

Mumzindawo ndi alendo yachilendo amasirira tchalitchi wakale, amanyadira malo moponya dziko ntchito mapulani.

Square St. Maliko Cathedral St. Maliko

Waukulu achipembedzo kukopa kwa Venice lili Sestiere San Marco, pa eponymous chapakati lalikulu (Piazza San Marco), lomwe ndi chizindikiro cha mzinda. Ambiri mwa alendo mofulumira kuti ayanjane ndi zipilala zofunika za dziko, wotchuka San Marco ku Venice (dera).

The tchalitchi, mbiri zinatenga zaka zingapo, kusonyeza mphamvu ndi ukulu wa ku Republic Venetian. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti tchalitchi ndi zotsalira za St. Mark, amene 829 anapulumutsidwa ndi amalonda Italiya ku choipitsa Asilamu ndi kubweretsa mzinda pa madzi ku Alexandria. Monga nthano, Mtumwi anabwera akungoyendayenda loto mngelo amene ananena kuti akafa adzapeza mtendere Venice ndi amalonda ikuchitika zofuna zake lomaliza. Pamene chidina anafika ku mzindawo, Mtumwi analandira udindo wa woyang'anira wake.

Mu 832 anadza Baibulo loyamba Cathedral, ndilo akale zaka zoposa 150 wakhala kwambiri moto, koma zotsalira za woyera si anakhudzidwa. Kenako tchalitchi linakhalanso ndipo kamodzinso kunakomera molimba mtima. Ake maonekedwe a kamangidwe analenga m'malo wowuma.

The Cathedral yamakono ya San Marco: kufotokoza, mbiri yeniyeni adiresi

Yomanga tchalitchi ano Chilwa San Marco, 328, 30124 Venezia, mudayamba 1063, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma nyumbayo wodzipereka. Koma angapo zaka anapitiriza kuphedwa kwa kachisi amazipanga wokongola wa San Marco. Cathedral ku Venice - kukopeka zachilendo, chifukwa anakongoletsa mibadwo watsopano Avenetia, Ufumuyo maonekedwe a chipembedzo chipilala abwino. Chifukwa, chikhomo, wakhala malo a Haji alendo, unali Museum luso Zapakati.

Maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka tchalitchi, anamanga njerwa, pali zinthu za mitundu yonse masitaelo. Marble a kwambiri khalidwe Greek anatsalira-ziboliboli, Gothic mitu anapanga zodabwitsa chimodzi-chidutswa gulu loyimba. Chifukwa ndalama lapadera omangawo mu dziko pali mwaluso kuti akhoza kupikisana ndi kukongola ndi ulemerero wa San Marco.

Cathedral ku Venice, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga tchalitchi cha St. Mark, mu Ages Middle si mwalamulo ankamuona ngati tchalitchi, mpaka chiyambi cha XIX atumwi udindowu a ku parishi mpingo San Pietro di Castello.

dziko wakhala mwaluso malo m'tawuni cikhalidwe: panali pamaliro a amasewera mwambo wa Doges ndi miyambo ina yofunika pano anatumiza anthu am'deralo pofunafuna chitonthozo. Si kukokomeza kunena kuti Cathedral wa St. Mark anakhala achipembedzo ndi woganizirana chizindikiro cha mzinda.

Zakale anabweretsa kuchokera m'mayiko ena

Wapamwamba yokongola ya Cathedral wa Venice mu Piazza San Marco anali pakati pa zaka XII ndi XIV. Zokongoletsa zinthu a nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi ankaitanitsa ochokera m'mayiko ena.

The mawonekedwe a tchalitchi ndi mtanda Greek. Omanga Venice, chuma ndi ndale zogwirizana ndi Byzantium, kudzadza kwa olamulira a ufumu wamphamvu, kuphatikizapo ntchito yomanga nyumba, korona domes asanu, amatikumbutsa nyali.

Pamakoma a njerwa, amene sanali kuoneka facings ndi za nsangalabwi, chokongoletsedwa ndi zotsalira zosiyanasiyana, anabweretsa Venice. Mwachitsanzo, ena ziboliboli zosonyeza kusaka zithunzi, zinalengedwa mu Ufumu wa Byzantine ndi pylons chosema naye ku Syria.

Pala d'oro, analengedwa theka zaka

Wamkulu San Marco (Venice Cathedral) ndi wotchuka padziko lonse mu wapadera lansembe lagolide, anavomereza olemera pakati pa anthu amene anapulumuka. Mbali chapamwamba amafotokozera yowala kwambiri ulemerero wa kachisi anaikapo medallions kakang'ono, mu njira cloisonne. Mtengo mbale anachotsedwa Istanbul ndipo phindu lalikulu. Chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi golide, iwo akuzindikiridwa ngati ntchito zenizeni za luso.

The iconostasis ndi ciborium

Chancel Gothic iconostasis wosiyana mdima wofiira nsangalabwi naye ku Constantinople ku nave lapansi. amaveka korona wake mtanda yaikulu, ndipo mbali zonse za chotchinga ndi 14 ziboliboli: atumwi 12, Namwali Mariya ndi fano la Mtumwi Mark.

Palinso denga wapadera pa mpando wachifumu, amatchedwa "ciborium". Pansi pake zotsalira za St. anasamutsa 30, ntchentche za m'ma XIX ku crypt, mu nsangalabwi sarcophagus, amene amapereka mwa mizati inayi ya alabasitala. Aliyense reliefs izi chosema ndi zithunzi za Namwali Mariya ndi Yesu Khristu.

The crypt wa tchalitchi

Mu 1094 zotsalira za mtumwi anayikidwa mu crypt - ndi vaulted mobisa malo kasungidwe zotsalira. zaka 400 patapita chinatsekedwa kwa anthu. Atagwa wa Republic Venetian mu crypt wa utumiki kumene anayamba.

Pa malo ake wayikidwa tchalitchi, chokongoletsedwa ndi openwork nsangalabwi slab umene m'mbuyomu zotsalira za St. Mark. Mu 1835 anasamukira guwa chachikulu cha kachisi. Krete chachikulu cha San Marco ku Venice n'chothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa makombo osungidwa kwa mapulani mfundo zake asayansi mmbuyo ku masiku a tchalitchi choyamba.

Kodi aliyense mu tchalitchi?

Chakumbali ya guwa la tchalitchi ndi Madonna, ndipo wotsatira kwa iye anamanga Isidor Chapel, chimene nyumba sarcophagus munali mafupa a woyera mtima.

Phiko abwino mobatizira, anaikira ubatizo wa ana. makoma ake chokongoletsedwa ndi nsangalabwi ndi anawasema - Nyimbo zithunzi. Pakati pa chipinda anaika mwala wosasintha ndi chivindikiro mkuwa, ndi pafupi izo anamangidwira tombstone kwambiri akulemekezedwa Doge - Andrea Dandolo.

ntchito mwanaalirenji zithunzi

zojambula Mose pa makoma ndi mzikiti chifukwa kwabasi. Ambiri a iwo anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XIII, ndi masiku oyambirira m'mbuyo m'zaka za m'ma IX.

Mwanaalirenji zikuchokera analengedwa ndi amisiri Italy ntchito ndi galasi ndi mwala. Amakhulupirira kuti amisiri Venetian anaphunzitsidwa luso Zithunzi Byzantine, nthawi zambiri kuyendera mzinda.

Zokongola Zithunzi pa mpanda wa tchalitchi akukamba za moyo wa Yesu, amatiuza za woyang'anira woyera wa mzinda. Mu likulu la Dome ili zikuchokera "Ascension wa Khristu" ndi pa arches ndi - Makanema ku New Testament.

Anabweretsedwa kuchokera Constantinople nsangalabwi

Kukongola Zithunzi pa makoma mozizwitsa pamodzi ornamentation wolemera zopangidwa zachilengedwe nsangalabwi slab pansi.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti thanthwe ili mu ulemerero wa tchalitchi anaonekera kokha m'zaka XIII. Chachinayi m'zigawo nkhondo zomenyera mizati zitsulo nsangalabwi akachisi Istanbul. Omanga ntchito zinthu zatsopano, chifukwa mu ulemerero woposa ngakhale anali pa tchalitchi wakale wa St. Mark Venice.

Cathedral San Marco angatchedwe weniweni owonetsera zakale Venetian ndi Byzantine zojambulajambula, limene lili ntchito kwambiri luso.

History quadrigue

Pamwamba pa khomo la tchalitchi ndi wotchuka akavalo anai anagona, amene anaponyedwa mu mkuwa Osema Greek mu BC IV atumwi. Quadriga woyamba anali ngati chokongoletsera Chipilala cha kupambana mu Roma, ndi zaka zingapo, iye sported pa chipata hippodrome ku Constantinople.

Mu XIII m'ma Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo, kukokera dziko mwa mavuto azachuma, wakhala anagwira likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium, komanso mpikisano anabweretsa chosema, amene pambuyo pake, mkulu wa Napoleon, anatumizidwa Paris, kumene ankaimira zaka pafupifupi 18 pa Place du Carrousel. Atagonjetsedwa wa gulu lankhondo la Bonaparte Quadriga anabwerera ku Venice, ndipo pa chisankho cha akuluakulu izo kukazikoloŵeka pamwamba pakhomo yaikulu ya tchalitchi. Pankhondo, ndi chosema ndi nkhani zodabwitsa ndi anajambula kubisala mu m'misasa.

Today mkuwa akavalo chachikulu cha San Marco ku Venice zili mu tchalitchi cha nyumbayi ndi mapulani chipilala ndi korona ndi buku lokongola anaphedwa amene anaonekera mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo.

atrium

Kudzera pakhomo lenileni, alendo kulowa atrium, amene makoma chokongoletsedwa ndi nsangalabwi ndi Zithunzi, kaso kwambiri chithunzicho Surikov. Zojambula nkhani zochitika za Chipangano Chakale, ndipo tsiku lililonse chilengedwe cha Mulungu wa mtendere amalembedwa moyera-mngelo. Apa adakonzeka ndi miyala zingwe manda dogaressy (mkazi wa Doge) Felicity Mikiel.

Kukhudza kusonkhanitsa chuma wokongola Venice ndi kupeza madalitso a St. Mark lophweka lero - muzingopitirira kusunga mphamvu ya Mtumwi Cathedral, chimene chiri Nkhani ya mbiri ya zipembedzo ndi boma.

Pamaso alendo tchalitchi akupereka yonena lapadera mzinda zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri pa madzi, amene kwa zaka mazana ambiri amakopeka akutama anthu apaulendo ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli.