San Stefano Mtendere - yochepa yaitali chigonjetso cha zokambirana Russian

Chirasha Turkey nkhondo ya 1877-1878. Amadziwika monga mmodzi wa ambiri "mwapang'onopang'ono" ndipo kwenikweni, anali kumasulidwa kwa ambiri a Asilavo mayiko a Balkan Peninsula, mu ulamuliro wa Ottoman. Kuwonjezera zolinga zimenezi akusangalala nawo yotakata mwa zigawo zonse za anthu a Russian ufumu wa boma Tsarist anali zofuna zake zokha kukhala wamphamvu zake mu Balkans.

San Stefano pangano mtendere walemba pa March 16, 1878 mu mzinda eponymous pafupi Constantinople - likulu la Turkey. mgwirizano umenewu wakhala opindulitsa kwambiri Russian Ufumu, chifukwa dziko lathu, wotopa ndi asilikali olemera ndi makampani ndalama wopanda pake akufuna mofulumira formalize ubwino awo akuluakulu a ku chigonjetso. The Ottoman anakakamizika amavomereza kuti malangizo onse a Russia ndi chizindikiro Pangano la San Stefano, kuyambira asilikali Chirasha Chibugariya wotanganidwa lonse European gawo la ufumuwo anali pansi likulu - Istanbul (Constantinople), ndipo okha alowererepo pa maiko a ku Ulaya anali wopulumutsidwa naye kugonjetsedwa komaliza.

San Stefano Mtendere - zikhalidwe zitatu:

• Mgwirizanowu anazindikira ufulu wa Serbia, Montenegro ndi Romania kuchuluka malire awo;
• Bosnia ndi Herzegovina anapanga yoyenda yokha dera;
• Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhondo anali akwaniritsa - Chibugariya gawo ku Danube ku Nyanja Aegean ndi Nyanja Black kwa Nyanja Ohrid anamasulidwa ku Ottoman ndipo analandira ufulu. Iye amayenera kukhala pansi pa chitetezero cha Russia kwa zaka 3, kenako amakhala kwathunthu palokha, pamene ubwenzi wake ndi Russia, yomwe poyamba ankathandiza zogwirika kuti iye;
• The Turkey Ufumu anayenera kupereka chopereka cha 1.4 biliyoni, mbali imene mudzalipidwa zokambirana Kupititsa: mizinda ndi linga la Kars, Ardahan, Bajazet, Batum, Kars, Dobrogea, ndi Danube Delta ndi Nyoka Island (European Russia ceded Romania).
• Russia unkayenera wa Ottoman kusintha kasamalidwe Armenia ndi Albania, membala wa izo, ndi pang'ono chiphwanye limanena za madera ena a Greece.

Koma zimenezi sizinachitike kwa nthawi yaitali Russian zokambirana - United Kingdom boma ndi maiko Union m anali osakhutira ndi zotsatira zimatheka ndi Russia panthawi ya nkhondo. San Stefano Mtendere anapereka Russia, Romania ndi Bulgaria kwambiri, kuphwanya dongosolo lakale ndale ndi kufalitsa mphamvu. England mantha zofooketsa Turkey, lomwe ndi odana wosatha wa Russia, ndipo ngati chishango kuteteza njira pamavuto Mediterranean kuti Britain ankangofuna kuletsa zawo. Austria Ufumu ali ndi malire mwachindunji ndi Russia mu West adawopa kulimbikitsa udindo wake mwa zokhudza anthu Asilavo okhala zambiri za ufumu ndi zikamera wa nkhondo yomenyera kutsatira chitsanzo cha Bulgaria. Kusanduka kuopseza wachiwiri kwa Russian Crimea nkhondo, imene lafooka ndi nkhondo osautsa ndi kusakhazikika kwa zachuma, izo sanali wokonzeka. Choncho msonkhano wokambirana Berlin kwathunthu kuti ndikusinthidwa wa San Stefano Mtendere ndi mawu ake, kuchepetsa ambiri mfundo zake.

Komabe, Russia lakwaniritsa chinthu chachikulu - kumasulidwa kwa Bulgaria ndi kulimbitsa cha mphamvu zake za makhalidwe abwino ndi ndale mu Balkans, ngakhale nkhondo motalika kokwanira kuti afooketse imapanga ake nkhondowo, Agwedeza ndi chuma pa nthawi ya kugogoda izo kuchokera mu poto-European masewera lalikulu.

Today Pangano la San Stefano Bulgaria chikondwerero monga tsiku la ufulu wa dziko ndi m'modzi wa maholide otchuka mu dziko lino.