Svyatoslav, Kalonga wa Kiev: fanizo ndi mapangidwe

Chithunzi cha Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolovicha - mmodzi wa ambiri zokongola ndi chidwi mwa akulu a Russia XII atumwi. Nthawi zina, analamulira maulendo Vladimir-Volyn, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov ndi Kiev. The nkhondo ya Svyatoslav anapita kuzungulira onse Russia, anapita steppes kutali kum'mwera ndipo anayamba kusokoneza woyendayendawu Polovtsy.

zaka zoyambirira

Tsogolo Prince Svyatoslav anabadwa pafupifupi 1123 mu banja Vsevoloda Olgovicha, amene analamulira mu Chernigov, ndiyeno Kiev. zoona zake n'zakuti mu zoyambirira za m'ma XII, pamaso limodzi Old Russian boma potsiriza ndisungunuka mu maukulu khumi. Aliyense wa iwo kumalamuliridwa ndi nthambi imodzi ya Rurik.

Svyatoslav a Olgovich - wotchedwa zowombetsa mkota anabadwa, amene analamulira mu Chernigov. Mu nthawi yake Kiev adakali lokha ankaona mudzi waukulu wa Russia, ndi zonse zazikulu ang'onoang'ono banja akhazikitsa iye ulamuliro wa. Atate Vsevolod Svyatoslav anachita mu 1139. Mwana anatumiza kazembe woyamba mu ulendo, ndiyeno - kwa Vladimir-Volyn. Choncho mnyamata ali zinamuchitikira woyamba wa kalonga.

Kutengapo mbali m'mikangano

Vsevolod Olgovich anafa 1139. Atamwalira anayamba nkhondo ufumu wa Kiev. Dongosolo lakale, pamene mwana wamkulu m'malo mwa atate wake, anawonongedwa, ndipo tsopano waukulu Russian ukulu ankanena akalonga angapo. m'malo Vsevolod anali m'bale wake Igor Olgovich. Komabe, izi sanakhutire Izyaslav Mstislavovich, amene bambo komanso kale anali kulamulidwa Kiev.

ndi amene Igor Kiev kalonga Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich? Zinali amalume ake, dzakhali Choncho anakhalabe wachibale wake. Komabe, miyezi yochepa atakwera pa mpando wachifumu, Igor unagonjetsedwa Izyaslav anamutuma ansembe a. Patapita nthawi wansembe konse anaphedwa pa chiwembu otchuka mu Kiev.

Anayamba kulamulira mu mzinda Izyaslav Mstislavovich kulengeza nkhondo Yuri Dolgoruky wa Rostov-Suzdal ukulu. Iye analinso si mantha kutenga ulamuliro pa Kiev. Svyatoslav Pankhondoyi anathandiza Izyaslav, amene anali amalume ake akuchikazi, ndipo anam'patsa cholowa cha Volyn mmizinda.

mu Chernihiv

Mu 1157-1164 gg. malamulo Svyatoslav Novgorod-Seversky, ndipo atamwalira amalume ake Svyatoslav Olegovich analandira Chernigov - mapeto waukulu a mtundu wake. Prince nthawi zonse anali ndi mfundo palokha. Mu 1169, iye sankapatsa Andreya Bogolyubskogo (kwa Vladimir) mu nkhondo yolimbana Kiev. The chifukwa cha ntchitoyi inali isanachitikepo looting wa mzinda wakale ndi olemera.

Against Kiev (kulamulidwa ndi Mstislav Izyaslavovich) ogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wonse wa akalonga. Pamafunikanso yomweyo Svyatoslav banja - asuweni, Igor ndi Oleg Seversk, ndi Svyatoslav chimodzi chokha anakana kuchita nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Atawonongedwa Kiev sanali zimapezeka mu Russia (iye adenda kumzinda wa Rostov ndi Vladimir) Komabe, anakhalabe fupa makani akalonga ambiri kum'mwera. Mu 1173 mumzinda anayamba amati Jaroslav Izyaslavovich. Svyatoslav silinachirikize ndipo iwo anatenga mzinda yaitali. Poyankha nkhondo izo msuweni Oleg, kuzinga Starodub.

Svyatoslav komanso sanali angokhale ananyamula kuzinga Novgorod-Seversky. Only pa mphindi yotsiriza si nkhondo kunkakhala ndi zikuluzikulu nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Prince Svyatoslav ku Kiev, pambuyo pa zonse, kutaya wake Jaroslav Izyaslavovichu anabwerera Chernigov ndi mtendere ndi msuweni wa.

Zosemphana ndi Rostislavich

Ngati akalonga ena kum'mwera, Svyatoslav anali mu mkhalidwe nkhondo zonse ndi Polovtsy, kukonza anawazunza oopsa midzi malire ndi m'midzi. Mu 1176, ndi Mgwirizano wa Rurik angapo anagonjetsedwa ndi steppe, chimene chinachititsa kuti looting latsopano choopsa. Svyatoslav, mu kampeni sanatenge gawo, anapempha kuti Prince wotsatira wa Kiev Roma Rostislavovich mosatsata cholowa chake mng'ono wa Davide, wolakwa pa zotsatira zinalephereka a nkhondo yolimbana ndi wongosamukasamuka.

Mkulu wa likulu akale anakana kulanga wotsatira wake wa abale. M'malo mwake, buku la anakakamizika kupereka Svyatoslav wa Kiev. Posachedwa Chernigov kalonga wakhudzidwa kwa mtsinje wa Dnieper. Komabe, mu malo atsopano, iye anali mu kovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale Svyatoslav anali ndi Kiev, ena dziko Kiev ndi zambiri nyumba ndi midzi yoperekedwa kwa abale angapo Rostislavich kukhala kusiya kukhala ndi Smolensk.

imfa zosakhalitsa Kiev

Mu 1180 Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Kievsky anayamba nkhondo Rostislav. Iye anaukira mzinda wa Davide, koma anataya kanthawi, Kiev, kumene kulibe lankhosa Rurik (komanso Rostislavich). Ngakhale malamulo Svyatoslav pa magombe a Dnieper kwa zaka zingapo, iye ankaganizira makamaka zofuna za Chernigov ukulu kwawo. N'chifukwa chake imfa ya Kiev sizinkagunda zovuta ndi mwayi mfumu.

Back mu Chernigov, Prince anayamba kukonzekera kupitiriza nkhondo ndi Rostislavich. N'zosadabwitsa, iye ali ndi mdani watsopano - zoyenera Vladimir Vsevolod ya Big Nest. kalonga uyu kulengeza nkhondo pa kazembe wa Roma wa Ryazan Glebovich - angakuthandizeni ndi mwana mu Svyatoslav.

Kuyambira Chernigov Vsevolod anafika akazembe amene anayesa kuthetsa mkangano. Pa mutu wa anthu amene anatumidwa anali ndi mwana Svyatoslav Gleb. Vsevolod analanda chachikulu kalonga ukapolo kuti analidi atchedwe nkhondo. Mu zochitika zotsatira momveka bwino khalidwe Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Iye sanachite mantha a nkhondo maukulu angapo ndipo anaganiza woyamba ayambitse mu manja awo.

Atayenda mu North-East Russia

Kulanga Vsevolod akanangokhoza udzasokonezedwa ndi kudziko lake. Choncho Svyatoslav anachita, kuyambira mu 1181 kumpoto wake wotchuka ulendo, imene anatsogolera asilikali a anagonjetsa njira ya makilomita 2000. kampeni panafika onse m'bale wake, amene yekha anali Svyatoslav. Trubčeŭsk Prince, Prince Seversky, kalonga wa Kursk ndi ena Olegovichy anaima pansi mbendera imodzi.

Part wa asilikali Integrated kumanzere Svyatoslav mu Chernigov ngati kuukira Rurik Rostislavich. Kiyi mphamvu yomweyo anagwidwa kwa Vladimir. Vsevolod ndi asilikali Svyatoslav anakumana pa gombe lina la kudziwika ndi. Nkhondo sizinachitike. Prince Vladimir analimbikitsidwa ku mapiri a kumuukira zinali wovuta kwambiri. Vsevolod yekha kanthu yogwira amatengedwa. Chifukwa, Svyatoslav chifukwa isanayambike masika anatembenukira kwina, pa msewu pa moto m'tauni yaing'ono ya Dmitrov.

Kachiwiri mu Kiev

Atachoka North-East Russia, Chernigov asilikali adenda kumzinda Drutsk kumene kuzinga anatembenuka Davyd Rostislavich. Prince anathawa koma ndiye popanda kulimbana Svyatoslav anapita ku Kiev, kumene nthawi uyu anakhala kalonga ndi malamulo mpaka imfa yake. Chernihiv anapereka mbale wake Jaroslaw.

Mwambo womaliza pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni inali nkhondo pakati pa squads Svyatoslav ndi Rurik. Rostislavich anapambana. Choncho linakhalanso ndi zokhazikika. Rurik anazindikira kuti Svyatoslav - Prince wa Kiev, koma anapitiriza Kyiv dziko lonse, popanda likulu yokha. Vsevolod ndi Nest Big ndi mtendere anamaliza. Mu 1183 Sviatoslav Army chachita nkhondo ya Prince Vladimir mu Volga Bulgaria.

Nkhondo ndi Polovtsy

Pomaliza kukhala Kalonga wa Kiev, Sviatoslav wakhala lolunjika pa nkhondo yomenyana ndi kuopseza waukulu mtendere Russia - Polovtsy. Internecine nkhondo zimawonjezera vutoli - wongosamukasamuka okondwa kuti nawo mikangano mercenaries ndi anaukira dziko chitetezo mpaka Rurik anali otanganidwa angalongosolere ubwenzi wawo. Ngakhale amphamvu khans Polovtsian anali Kobyak ndi Konchak. Svyatoslav kulengeza nkhondo pa iwo. Mu 1184, iye anatsogolera Mgwirizano wa akalonga angapo (zimene zinaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo Rurik Rostislavich) anagonjetsa steppe pa magombe a mtsinje Khorol. Anatsogolera gulu la Polovtsian anali Konchak. Iye yekha pang'ono anakwanitsa kuthawa ndipo angaphedwe.

Ovutika Khan Kobyakov. horde lake wosweka ntchitoyi bwino kumuwombera Russia. Svyatoslav anapambana chigonjetso wachiwiri Aurelie mtsinje. Kobyak analandidwa ndipo kenako anaphedwa Kiev. Pambuyo zochitika za 1185 Polovtsy si nkhondo ndi dziko Kalonga kwambiri. magulu awo anaonekera mu Russia pokhapokha ngati iwo alemba ntchito monga mercenaries nawo feuds Rurik.

Kupatula chigonjetso cha Svyatoslav, posakhalitsa uthenga wachisoni anafika ku Kiev. msuweni wake Igor, amene analamulira ku Novgorod-Seversky, adaganiza kuti kwanthawi kumbuyo wachibale nalowa ulendo osiyana nthando. Mu 1185 Cumans anagonjetsa kumuwombera, ndipo kalonga yekha anatengedwa ukapolo. Posachedwa tsoka msuwani wa tinapeza Svyatoslav. "Lay" (waukulu mankhwala a mabuku Old Russian) monga limatiuza za zochitika za kampeni zinalephereka. Svjatoslav zotsutsana unlucky wachibale ndakatulo akuonetsedwa wolamulira wanzeru ndi kholo onse Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani kum'mwera.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1187, anafa Chigalashiya kalonga Yaroslav Osmomysl. Atamwalira cholowa lakuthwa kulimbana kwa South-West la Russia. Pankhondoyi anali kumva chifukwa chakuti izo zinasokoneza ndi Chihangare Mfumu Bela III. Iye anatenga Galich, ndipo anapereka kusonyeza wolemera mzinda Gleb mwana Svyatoslav.

Kalonga wa Kiev ankati kuvomereza kwawo, koma chitukuko ichi sanali Rurik Rostislavich. Mikangano pakati pa iye ndi Svyatoslav anatsogolera chakuti kanthawi wotchedwa Galicia anakhazikitsa mwana Yaroslav Osmomysl Vladimir, omwe kumbuyo kwawo Vsevolod ya Big Nest.

Asanamwalire Svyatoslav analimbana ndi akalonga Ryazan, amene Olegoviches milandu malire. Wankhondo, sizinachitike. Ryazanschine anali mu dera la chikoka Vsevolod ya Big Nest. Iye anakana kuvomereza kuti Svyatoslav maonekedwe a asilikali pafupi malire ake. Motero, mu 1194 Kalonga wa Kiev anapha inakonzedwa kuti aziyenda ndi anamwalira pasanapite nthawi. Imfa ya Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, ndi chinsinsi bata ndi mtendere South Russia, zachititsa kuti nkhondo ina yapachiweniweni pakati Olegovichy ndi Rostislavichi.