Nkhondo ya Smolensk mu 1812 - woyamba kwambiri zipolowe za Russian asilikali kumenyana Napoleon

Unachitikira ku oyambirira August, Nkhondo ya Smolensk mu 1812 anali nkhondo yoyamba pakati pa Russian ndi French, ndipo ngakhale kuti sanakhale nkhondo atamanga, koma izo zakhala imodzi mwa nkhani zambiri zochititsa chidwi za nkhondo ndi Napoleon. Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti zipolowe uyu wa makamu chinali chiyambi cha wovulala m'nthawi nkhondoyo.

Ngakhale mthunzi wa asilikali Russian kwa Moscow sanasiye Komabe, pambuyo Nkhondo ya Smolensk inatha, panatha khalidwe yosiyana, ndi Napoleon anayamba kuzindikira kuti mofulumira 'blitzkrieg "sizigwira ntchito, ndipo posapita nthawi ndi kupeza njira zatsopano za nkhondo ndi mwinanso zifukwa osayanjanitsika a.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale kuti Napoleon kapena mkulu wa Choyamba Western Army Mikhail Barclay de A Tolly kuchita nkhondo ya Smolensk sanayese kupewa zinali zosatheka. Napoleon anali kupanga yopuma pasadakhale mofulumira m'dziko la Russia. Chifukwa cha kufunika kuonetsetsa chakudya Kudzidalira asilikali French kwambiri anatambasula dzanja, ndipo anali kulumikiza mu nkhonya limodzi kachiwiri akuyesa potero kudula woyamba kumadzulo asilikali a Barclay de A Tolly ku mphambano ndi Army Chachiwiri, amene analamula Bagration, nthawi yomweyo onsewo ndi likulu la dzikoli.

Barclay de A Tolly ndi mantha kumenyana mwachindunji ndi asilikali a ku France Mfumu mukudziwa momwe amphamvu ndi ophunzitsidwa asilikali ake mu njira ya nkhondo. Iye sanafune kufooketsa chotero nkhondo kumenyana mphamvu makamu Russian, pozindikira kuti Kukwezeleza mdani kwa Moscow sadzatha kuletsa Mulimonsemo. Komabe, chifukwa vuto mukusowa anamuperekeza yachifumu ndi akazembe ake, ndi chiyembekezo kugawikana akuoneka wa asilikali French, iye anali kugwirizana kwa nkhondo pafupi Smolensk.

August 4 khumi masauzande asilikali Russian amaipidwa kamenyedwe loyamba la French ku Smolensk, adaletsa pasadakhale awo ndi kupereka mwayi kwa Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri Western Army, madzulo a tsiku lomwelo, ogwirizana 120,000th grouping kubwera kwa mzinda ndi kukhala pa gombe lamanja la Dnieper pamwamba zosiyana 200,000th ndi French asilikali, kulimbitsa pa gombe kumanzere.

M'mawa Napoleon ankayembekezera kuti asilikali a Russia kupita mmunda nkhondo mawonekedwe lonse, koma zimenezi si chinachitika. Mkulu Russian wamkulu, akadali akufuna kukhala asilikali pa mtengo uliwonse ndi sadzachotsedwa ndi likulu la dzikoli, analamula mthunzi kwa Moscow. Kuti kuphimba mthunzi, ndi kuti ali alimbane a asilikali French, akhala allocated nyumba Rajewski ndi Dokhturov ndi kugawikana Neverovsky ndi Konovitsina limene kwakukulukulu ndi nawo nkhondo ndi French. asilikali Napoleon ku Smolensk zomvetsa anakwana anthu pafupifupi 20 chikwi. Pamene asilikali Russian anataya asilikali okha 10 chikwi.

Tsiku lotsatira Valutina Mountains - m'mudzi ili makilomita 10 kuchokera Smolensk, panali zipolowe pakati pa detachment 3000th a Russian, analamula Tuchkov, ndi 40 zikwi Afalansa ku nkhani ya General Ney, wotumidwa ndi Napoleon ndi cholinga odulidwa aya kucheza Russian asilikali . Tuchkov, ganizilani mupewe ngozi ku Russian mchitidwe wa Ney, zokhazokha wotsekedwa njira ya French mphamvu yawo, kutenga malo abwino kwambiri pa Smolensk msewu. Chifukwa profitability a udindo wawo Tuchkov anakwanitsa kuletsa French tsiku lonse, ndipo ngakhale nthawi kupita counterattack a. Pa wotsiriza, umene unachitika kale mwezi, ndi onse wolimba anavulazidwa ndi mpeni, ndipo anatengedwa ukapolo.

Komabe Tuchkova khama sanali pachabe. asilikali Russian anakwanitsa bwinobwino adzatulukemo. Choncho, nkhondo ya Smolensk inatha, umene unatha okwana masiku awiri. Smolensk anagwa, koma Russian asilikali popanda awiri anawoloka Dnieper ndi anabwerera zambiri Russia, ndi wokonzeka ntchito zina nkhondo.