Saratov maseŵeralo iwo. abale Nikitin: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi ndemanga

Maseŵeralo moyo nthano ndi miyambo. The mzimu wosaoneka aluso kwambiri amene ananenapo pa mabwalo akale masewera aja, ngati anaikira mu mzikiti ndi amathandiza chi masewera aja achinyamata. Pakuti oonera chithunzichi chosaoneka ndi maso amalenga nkhambakamwa za chikondwerero ndi chinsinsi chimene unakhala aliyense kuwoloka kuloŵa pakhomo kutsogolo. Izi kwathunthu kumva, kuyendera Saratov maseŵeralo iwo. Nikitin abale - mmodzi wa pamasewera wamkulu n'kupuma mu Russia.

History Nikitin Abale maseŵeralo

Nthano akuyamba ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, zochitika wamba. Kodi wina kuganizira kubwerera mu 1873 kuti Saratov kwawo, abale Peter ndi Akim Dmitri Nikitin - maseŵeralo ojambula ndi amalonda novice. Zikamera abale yomweyo anapezerapo mwayi wa mwini wa woyendera maseŵeralo mu Saratov thandala Emmanuel Baranek. Ataima pa zobvuta kuwonongeka, anatiuza Nikitin kukhala mabwenzi ndi co-eni kumalo a ntchito. Zinali wochenjera kusuntha - ojambula zithunzi abale anali konsekonse. Wotchedwa Dmitry wotchuka monga katswiri balalaika player ndi opambana, Akim - ginger wodula bwino chisudzo klishnik (wojambula, kuwonetsera kusinthasintha kwa thupi) ndi juggler, ndi Peter anali antipode (mapazi juggling), olimbitsa acrobatics ndi kudabwa ndi omvera shpagoglotaniem. Chaka chomwecho, abale anagula Baranek maseŵeralo mwawomwawo katundu, ndipo mu 1876 m'dera anamanga Mitrophanievskoye n'kupuma matabwa nyumba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ali limafotokozera ake Saratov maseŵeralo.

Inachitika mfundo zosangalatsa. Abale Nikitin anaima pa maziko a masewera aja a. Iwo anamanga nyumba mu Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov, Tiflis, Odessa, Baku. Korona wa malo ochitira zionetsero abale ufumu anakhala maseŵeralo mu Moscow (1912) pa Arc Malo (tsopano muholo ya Zotengera). Pakuti Saratov ntchito miyala yomangira kwakonzedweratu ndi Bwalo la maseŵera kwa 2 thsd. Koma nkhondo anawononga Nikitin mapulani odzitukumula.

Tsoka la masewera aja pambuyo zisinthe

The October kuukira boma anasintha moyo wa dziko n'kukamanganso malonda maseŵeralo. Nationalization zinachitika, ndi Saratov masewera aja analowa kapangidwe ka Mzinda wa Art Trust, ndipo kenako mu Directorate-Union State maseŵeralo. Mu 1931, masewera aja linasintha kukhala adiresi watsopano mwala nyumba yomangidwa pa Chapaeva Street. Iwo sanali kuwala mapeto, koma anali yabwino, ndi holo zili 3 zikwi. Anthu. omvetsera anakonda nyumba yatsopano: choyamba zaka 5 kugonjera zinawafikira anthu oposa 2 miliyoni. Mu maganizo a anthu akhoza ganizilani kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu masewera aja anafika kwa Saratov, - Vitaly Lazarenko, Vladimir Durov, Emil Kio, Boris Ederi. Kale pa chiyambi cha masewera aja anayamba staging ntchito. Amaonetsa anaona pantomime "Pofuna gotovs" (1931-1932 gg. Atakhala Wolski), "Moscow ikuyaka" (1932-1933 gg. Atakhala Alperova pa ndakatulo Mayakovsky) ndi zisudzo ena maseŵeralo.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya Saratov masewera aja kuti chithunzi chiyani kutha kwa m'misewu kwa tsiku limodzi, ndinapita kuntchito ndipo anatenga amisiri amene anasamutsidwa kuchoka m'madera azikhala ndi Anazi.

Mu nthawi nkhondoyo, ndi maseŵeralo kakusintha kukonza angapo. Mu 1959-1963 gg. opangidwa ndi kusintha sitepe mu holo ndi mzikiti. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapitiriza malo ojambula zithunzi ndi ntchito kunachitika offseason lapansi. Tinatenga hotelo "m'bwalomo" mu 1968 ntchito. Maseŵeralo zatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza mwa zabwino, ndi chikumbutso 100th anali kupereka dongosolo la Red mbendera ya Labor.

Kukhazikitsanso lachiwiri la nyumbayo odzipereka kwa chikumbutso nambala 125 ya maziko (1998). Dzina Nikitin Abale mwalamulo kuliika pa zithunzi ochitira zionetsero - zikomo kwa oyambitsa mbadwo watsopano aluso.

Iwo anayamba kulera ndalama kwa ogulidwa ndege ya kutsogolo "Soviet maseŵeralo" Mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo. Mu Saratov, aluso anasonkhana izi pafupifupi 500 zikwi Rubles.. M'chaka cha 1942 mu masewera aja tinalandira telegalamu ku Mtsogoleri Wamkulu I. V. Stalina woyamikira kuchita izi.

Maseŵeralo nthano Saratov

Ochitira zionetsero - malo odabwitsa. Osati chifukwa chakuti anthu amapita kumeneko pa manja anu kapena mutu wanu m'kamwa mwa mkango ndi kuchita tsiku lililonse ndipo popanda khama chenicheni mantha. Amazing izo demokalase. Nyenyezi za ukulu choyamba, kitsa mabwalo matauni ndipo anapambana mphatso pa zikondwerero zotchuka lonse, kupeza chiyambi mu moyo m'bwalolo zigawo. Yotero kuti lamulo limeneli ndi Saratov maseŵeralo.

Mu 1951 kutenga nawo mbali pa pulogalamu lotsatira mu mzinda anabwera wosewera wamng'ono, juggler pa waya free, maphunziro posachedwapa wa sukulu maseŵeralo. The kuyamba zinachitika, koma mwanayo analibe nawo iwo chifukwa yobereka anachedwa ya mwiniyi. ulaliki A pa kunagwa tsoka - Nthabwala chisudzo anathyola nthiti awiri ndipo anagonekedwa m'chipatala. Maseŵeralo ojambula zithunzi ndi chilengedwe, iwo agwirizira Mitundu ambiri ndipo akhoza m'malo mzake vuto la kusowa. Nthabwala kuti m'malo, ndi kusankha nagwa woyamba. Iye analibe zochitika, panalibe repertoire. rehearsals angapo, zovala mlendo, eni sankadziwa - ndi wosewera wamng'ono m'bwalomo adzakhala Bakuman mu udindo watsopano. Koma omvera sanatenge novice - akuyesetsa kutengera ndi chisudzo anavulala, ndipo si zabwino kwambiri, mu holo ya madzi anagawira, "mwaulemu" chimwemwe. Nkhani pambuyo nkhani wakhala zimauluka nthambi yoyamba ndi kulephera ankaoneka neminueym.

N'zovuta kunena kuti panthaŵi yopuma inatsogolera newcomer ku khitchini chodyera maseŵeralo. Apa iye anabwereka ophika ndi chipewa ndipo thewera, anatola miphika ndi ziwaya ochepa, ndi kuika mu matumba ake anabwera m'manja angapo mbatata ndi kaloti. Iwo anayamba chipinda chachiwiri ndi wojambula anaganiza kufupikitsa njira, kufika m'bwalolo zosamvetsetseka alleyways ntchito. Anathawira phokoso la nyimbo, zitseko zonse anatsegula, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali mu bokosi oketsra! oimba anadabwa anayang'ana paliponse anatuluka wophika, ndi m'bwalomo yatha nambala yoyamba. Molunjika kudzera oimba newcomer ndinapita kwa omvetsera.

Kudabwa ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi chisudzo ndi maonekedwe ake sagwirizana nazo ringmaster (presenter) mu njira ya mayendedwe ndi anagwirizana. Ndipo tsopano amaonetsa ndi chidwi chisudzo (iwo sanamuzindikire mu ophika zovala), ndipo mtima wonse juggling kaloti ndi mbatata, muyezo ziwaya. Zonsezi anali limodzi ndi improvisation unyamata mtima komanso mtima weniweni. Holo wakhala anagonjetsa, ndi newcomer udachita chimwemwe. Masiku 20 wosewera achinyamata m'malo Nthabwala chisudzo. Iye adawafotokozera reprise, tinkapanga tokha ndi nthabwala akhala akuthwa ndi funnier. Saratov mnyamatayu anapita ku Riga kale mu ntchito chisudzo, amene sasintha mpaka lero.

Ndiyeno panali mabwalo ena a Soviet Union, kutchuka dziko, kutchuka, mphoto ndi udindo wa "Sunny chisudzo," chimene iye (malinga ndi nthano wina) mophiphiritsa kupereka Mfumukazi Belgium. Koma mafani ndemanga zimasonyeza kuti musaiwale kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kumbuyo mu 1951 pa Manege wa Saratov masewera aja a Chithunzi Anthu a USSR Olega Konstantinovicha Popova.

Ulendo: anatilamula mkombero

Maseŵeralo conveyor ... akuti Izi zimapangitsa chisokonezo pakati pa anthu amene si kwa ulendo bungwe. Nthawiyi, aluso mitsinje nthawi yomweyo amayenda maseŵeralo wina ndi mzake sitima ndi ndege, kapena m'munsili nyama ndi eni pa magalimoto amafanana chimphona conveyor lamba, amene amakhala zoyenda zonse. Koma chifukwa ichi aliyense amaonetsa mzinda kuona manambala ndi amisiri, matamandidwe a osankhika a masewera aja Russian. Yotero kuti lamulo limeneli ndi Saratov maseŵeralo.

Mlendo amaonetsa, ngati nthawi makina, wokhoza kubwerera mu ndimakumbukira kukumbukira mabwana lalikulu la Ulendo wa. M'bwalomo zoipa wotchuka chisudzo pensulo (adv. Ayi USSR Mikhail Rumyantsev) ndi mosaopa Oweta Irina Bugrimova ndi Margarita Nazarova. Saratov anawombera m'manja "Tengelelani maseŵeralo" Valentin Filatov ndi matsenga wamatsenga Emilya Teodorovicha Kio. Ndi bated mpweya, ndi oonera anaonera Dagestani tightrope sasinthasintha kutsogoleredwa ndi Yaraghi Gadzhikurbanova leaps dizzying ndi acrobatic Vladimira Doveyko. Mitundu yonse ya Soviet ndiyeno ambuye Russian wa m'bwalomo anadutsamo imodzi mwa mabwalo wamkulu chiyamiko pa dziko losaoneka maseŵeralo conveyor.

Kupitiriza mwambo

Moyo masewera aja konse chimazilala. Morning rehearsal pachikhalidwe zinaperekedwa kwa zipinda ndi nyama. ngamila mphamvu, "zombo za m'chipululu", pang'onopang'ono kusuntha kwa phazi ndi phazi. bata awo sangathe kuonera Irina Volodin, mutu wa chiwerengero cha "Ulendo kuti ngamila." Iye amadziwa m'mene mwamsanga izi hulking, pa Koyamba, bumpkin. Ndipo ndi makola fractional anabwera phokoso la ziboda za akavalo thoroughbred - kuyembekeza awo kulowa arena, nkhawa Zipatalazo Raisa Shanina.

M'banja la maseŵeralo mophiphiritsa kuwonekera zithunzi pulasitala mzindawo. Kachiwiri pa m'bwalolo mwa oimira achepetse wotchuka - sasinthasintha kutsogoleredwa ndi Patimat Gadzhikurbanovoy ndi ndege mlengalenga, analengedwa ndi Vladimirom Doveyko. The maina aakulu - ngati chidindo cha khalidwe amaonetsa amene akufuna kufika pulogalamu yatsopano mu Saratov maseŵeralo. Matikiti pa ofesi bokosi mathero msanga. mtengo awo ranges ku rubles 400 1500.

Chikondwerero "The masewera aja Mfumukazi"

Mu Saratov maseŵeralo chikondwerero umachitika, lingaliro la chimene chili mutu. Nkhani inayamba mu 2005, pamene masewera aja kwa nthawi yoyamba anayesa mphamvu zawo ku gulu la mtundu watsopano - la chikondwerero maseŵeralo. Chifukwa chotenga anaitanidwa atsikana Mitundu yonse ya masewera aja luso. Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe ojambula zithunzi oyamba wamwamuna adzakhala nawo. Koma loweruza anali kuona yekha luso kukongola maseŵeralo. Kuyesa kunapezeka bwino - Saratov maseŵeralo Nikitin abale analenga chikondwerero, zomwe ankanyadira malo mwa unachitikira mu maonekedwe Russian maseŵeralo.

Mu 2016, a VI chikondwerero, anawonjezera madera a ophunzira, ndi kuwonjezera kwa mutu mawu "mayiko". Analandira ofunsira nawo ku Brazil, Australia ndi China. Mu mzinda pa Volga anafika oimira Colombia ndi Mexico. Ophunzira ochokera m'mayiko 10 yachilendo Tafotokoza kuti ndi mwayi nawo nkhondo korona wa "The masewera aja Mfumukazi".

Mbuyo: Moyo zoyenera kuchita masewera aja

Kuyankhula za masewera aja, nthawi zambiri kulankhula za aluso. Ndipo kawirikawiri ndikuganiza za anthu amene amachita utsogoleri ndi kayendetsedwe ka gulu ntchito, nkhawa za masewera aja ndi antchito a kulemera kwake. Saratov masewera aja anali mwayi - iwo nthawizonse akutsogozedwa anthu amene amatumikira.

1873-1917 gg.

Buku adagona pa mapewa a Nikitin abale amene analenga masewera aja ndipo anaika maziko a Saratov maseŵeralo miyambo.

Mu 1918-1919.

Woyamba co-ntchito unakhazikitsidwa maseŵeralo. Tcheyamani wa ojambula zithunzi mukupanga osankhidwa juggler NL Benedetto. Iye anakhala luso wotsogolera V. V. Milva.

1931-1938 gg.

Director wa Saratov maseŵeralo ntchito NL wobiriwira. Pamene m'malo mwa adiresi ndi maseŵeralo anasamukira latsopano nyumba mwala. Anaika mwambo wa ntchito asilikali zothandizira mipingo yawo. Ndi nthawi iyi ndiye chiyambi cha ntchito staging - monga TV maseŵeralo zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la maphunziro kukonda dziko.

1938-1942 gg.

Nthawi, amene anadza pa chiyambi cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Saratov anatenga anthu amene anasamutsidwa kuchoka m'madera kulamulidwa ndi Anazi. Ena mwa iwo anali amisiri. Pamaziko a Saratov maseŵeralo konsati brigades inakhazikitsidwa kuti akonze asilikali a Red Army mu kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito ya mkulu wa Saratov maseŵeralo M. V. Babin.

1942-1961 gg.

Time kayendetsedwe VL Marchenko. City anabwerera munthu wamba, ndi chikondwerero cha luso masewera aja anali wotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi imeneyi (1950) kudzagwira ntchito mu masewera aja B. I. Mamleev - ringmaster, potulukira Saratov m'bwalomo kwa zaka zoposa 30.

1962-1976 gg.

Director wa Saratov maseŵeralo IV anamaliza Dubinsky anayamba n'zofanana ndi kumanganso holo ndi mzikiti. Ntchito ikuchitika mu nyengo yopuma, osati zokhumudwitsa woyendera ndandanda. Tinamanga hotelo "m'bwalomo" kwa ojambula. Maseŵeralo walandira udindo wa siteji ndipo ndinayamba kukonzekera zipinda latsopano ndi chidwi mu Saratov anayamba yonena za kulenga ya Chikazaki maseŵeralo losonkhanitsidwa. Maseŵeralo ali maudindo kutsogolera mu dongosolo la Onse-Union "Soyuzgostsirk". Monga mbali ya masewera aja Joseph Veniaminovich nthumwi anapita Hungary, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Germany. Mu Australia, anaona yachilendo kasupe "Dandelion 'n'kubwerera ku Saratov, anachita chimodzimodzi pamaso pa masewera aja. China molimba - bungwe mu Saratov maseŵeralo sukulu - si thupi mu moyo. Mu 1976 IV Dubinsky anafa.

1977-1988 gg.

Baton kutsogolera masewera aja anatenga VP Vladykin. Iye anatha kuti tisasokoneze gulu alipo mu mwaubwenzi kulenga. Saratov maseŵeralo zatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza malamulo ngati kampani kuwatsogolera ndi zisudzo mokondwera kukaona mzindawo pa Volga.

1988-1999 gg.

Kutha kwa Soviet Union sanathe koma bwanji ntchito ya masewera aja. Inagwa dongosolo logwirizana kuti Chili maseŵeralo kampani. Nthawi imeneyi, ndi maseŵeralo kutsogoleredwa ndi Yu. N. Avdeev. Akanikizire chipwirikiti azachuma kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zisudzo - zisudzo inachitika patangotha masiku atatu sabata. Pa nthawi imeneyi, chikondwerero cha chikumbutso nambala 125. Maseŵeralo mpandawo, ndipo panali lolembedwa pa wapakamwa ake: ". Ochitira zionetsero za dzina Nikitin Abale"

1999-2016 gg.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano Saratov masewera aja anayamba motsogozedwa ndi mkulu watsopano wa I. G. Kuzmina. Iye anali wokhoza kukhazika ntchito, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zoperekedwa ndi kukopa anthu zatsopano masewera aja. Izi anali ntchito ndi mndandanda wonse zikondwerero unakonzedwa ndi Saratov maseŵeralo: II Onse-Russia mpikisano (1999), onse-Russian mpikisano wa Nthabwala, Nthabwala ndi parody (2001). Kukonderera tsiku Gulu la Nambala 130 la masewera aja anati Mpikisano mayiko a masewera aja Tirhana (2003). Kuyambira 2005 anayamba yonena za mpikisano "The Mfumukazi ya masewera aja Russian" yomwe imachitika pa zaka ziwiri nasonkhanitsira pa zochitika za Saratov mamembala nyenyezi chosungunula.

Mtengo I. G. Kuzmina kenako anakakamizika iye kusiya monga mkulu wa masewera aja. M'chaka cha 2016 Ivan G. anaikidwa nduna ya Culture wa dera Saratov. A mtsogoleri watsopano sadzakhala ndi zosavuta ntchito kupitiriza ndi chitukuko cha Saratov maseŵeralo miyambo.

M'malo epilogue kuti: adzabwerenso nthano

Kuyima tione malo ochitira zionetsero chithunzi, anthu mosadziwa pang'onopang'ono sitepe. Pa wapakamwa ndi kulengeza yowala: "Pa September 26, latsopano masewera aja pulogalamu!"

Palibe zodabwitsa, koma mayina wojambula, amene amatsegula maseŵeralo nyengo. Oleg Popov! Lodziwika bwino "chisudzo dzuwa", anayamba njira ya stardom pa siteji ya Saratov. Wojambula amene zopitirira zana kotala anakhala mu Germany ndipo anapita ku Russian maseŵeralo mabwalo. The fano mamiliyoni anyamata Soviet anabwerera kunyumba kupambana choyamba, kuti ndizolowere mbadwo watsopano okonda masewera aja.

Today mu Saratov ana funsani achikulire kuti kuwatengera masewera aja ndi agogo ndi zidzukulu anayambitsa kamtsikana. Mlendo buku pa tsamba lililonse masitolo zikomo wodzipereka komanso kwenikweni. Maseŵeralo dzina lake Nikitin Abale (Russia, Saratov) akupitiriza kudabwa mafani wa luso lake. Mwina pafupi ndi mbuye wa nyenyezi yatsopano lero, amene adzabwerera ku Saratov m'bwalomo theka patapita zaka.