Scientist Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: yonena

Anayambitsa ongolankhula astronautics Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich anapanga sayansi chopereka wofanana ndi zopereka Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Komabe, kutchuka anabwera kwa iye atamwalira, pamene aiwala kutsegula wasayansi zinali kachiwiri "anapeza" m'badwo wotsatira ofufuza. Ntchito ya sayansi anali kudziwika koma chifukwa cha ntchito yake enigmatic.

ubwana

Tsogolo wasayansi Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich anabadwa pa June 21 1897 mu Poltava. Dzina limene iye anapita mpaka mu mbiri, kwenikweni pseudonym, kapena kani, dzina la munthu chosiyana, ndi amene zikalata kwa nthawi yaitali kafukufuku moyo. Iye anabadwa monga Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Mnyamatayo amasiye oyambirira ndi anamuukitsa agogo ake. Pa zaka 13 anapita kukaphunzira pa Poltava zolimbitsa thupi, kumene mphatso ophunzira kulabadira kwa mphunzitsi. Mphunzitsi wotumidwa Alexander chidwi mu njira yolondola - sayansi, masamu ndi zimapangidwira.

Kale ana aang'ono, mnyamata anaonekera akulakalaka kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri. Iye anakhala nthawi yambiri mu magalimoto, akasupe, turbines madzi, mapampu, barometers ndi curiosities ena anabwera pafupi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pambuyo Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich anali mlembi chodabwitsa ndi pasadakhale ziphunzitso zake sayansi.

dangling maphunziro

China amene analanda chikumbumtima Aleksandra Shargeya, linali loto la ndege interplanetary. Mu 1930, m'kalata yomwe Tsiolkovsky iye anatchula kuti mu zaka 16 kudziwa kwenikweni chimene chiri mwaukadaulo zotheka kunyamuka kwa dziko lapansili mu mlengalenga. Kuyambira pamenepo Shargeya anali lake lingaliro-vuto. Madzulo a mapeto a Poltava zolimbitsa thupi mnyamata anamaliza lalikulu wake woyamba pamanja - "Amene kuwerenga yomanga." Mu kusodza m'buku lakuti Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich tsogolo anakonza (ngakhale yosokoneza) polojekiti mtsogolo kuyenda interplanetary. Kenako maganizo anayamba ntchito zake zina.

Ndiye Shargey analowa Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Komabe, kafukufuku wake sizinakhalitse. Posachedwa Alexander anali usilikali, ndipo mu 1917 anali pa Caucasus Front wa First World nkhondo. Chizindikiro anabwerera kwawo pambuyo October kuukira boma ndi Bolsheviks malonda ambiri demobilization.

dzina latsopano

Posachedwapa Poltava anali pakati pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Shargey anali mkulu, ndipo amatchedwa asilikali a General Denikin. Alexander nawo mwazi sanafune ndipo anasiya nthawi yomweyo. The zaka ziwiri zotsatira mnyamata ankakhala malo theka malamulo, zili ntchito wosamvetseka. Iye anali kuopsezedwa zonse kumangidwa. Mu 1921, abale anatha kupeza iye pasipoti m'dzina Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka - wophunzira University of Kiev, amene anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu anapezerapo.

Komabe, kukhalabe nzika wake Ukraine akali osadziteteza. Red kapena White angaike mbadwa ya Poltava. Kenako wasayansi Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich anathawira Kuban natenga Krylovskiy chikepe. Wagwidwa bata, potsiriza iye anatenga mfundo zake ndege pakati pa mapulaneti. Monga wasayansi kudzilungamitsa ankaphunzitsa, iye anali kuvutika chifukwa chosowa ndalama. Kondratyuk amadzawumanga roketi wake, koma njira kuchita maloto awo, iye anali. Zonse zimene zinatsalira kuchita yokha ndi kufotokoza za tiganizira ongolankhula pa pepala.

Kondratyuk ndi Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk imodzi ndi kuphunzira ofanana imachitika Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Kwa nthawi yoyamba wasayansi wamng'ono amapunthwa pa zolemba wake mu 1918 magazini ina yakale ya "Niva". Kuyambira zinthu, zinadziwika kuti lingaliro la ndege interplanetary limakonda osati Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

The yonena za munthu uyu Chitsanzo cha chi - chifukwa cha ulimi nkhondoyi, iye anali kwa zaka zambiri kuiwala za moyo nthawi zonse. Choncho, nkhani ya Tsiolkovsky, iye anabwerera yekha mu 1925, pamene ndinali kuwerenga "Bulletin wa aeronautics."

"The anagonjetsa danga interplanetary"

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ofufuza awiri anabwera mfundo imodzi, motero ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, ndi patsogolo pang'ono za mnzake wake Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich izo. Zikayenda a sayansi akhala akusonkhana ndi ntchito yake yaikulu - Buku la "The anagonjetsa danga interplanetary." Ndi mankhwala a wolemba maphunziro mu 1926, pamene iye ankakhala m'mudzi wa October. nthawi iyi, iye anakonza ntchito yake si chiphunzitso, ndipo anapatsa mfundo zambiri ndi zithunzi.

Wasayansi anafuna kusindikiza "adzagonjetsa malo interplanetary" mu Moscow. Buku analandira review zabwino Professor Vladimir Vetchinkina. Iye anaphunzira mphamvu ya roketi ndege choncho anayamikira ntchito ya Kondratyuk. Komabe, buku izo zinalephereka. Kwa zaka yekha Vetchinkin anathandiza osadziwika kudziona anaphunzitsa.

mu Siberia

Mu 1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, amene yonena ndi chitsanzo cha mbiri ya nthawi zonse akungoyendayenda munthu, anasamukira ku Novosibirsk. Kumapeto a dziko, iye anapita pa kuyitana kwa m'deralo "Mikate Yapamwamba". udindo uwu ndi udindo yosungiramo za tirigu pa dera la zigawo zingapo. More pa Kuban Kondratiuk anatulukira njira zamakono angapo watsopano zikepe. ntchito yake chidwi Novosibirsk. Choncho munthu amene akulakalaka nyenyezi, anakhala wosamalira yosungirako tirigu.

Pa latsopano malo wasayansi nawo abwenzi atsopano ndi abwenzi, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo anayamikira changu chake unyamata akadali malo ndege. Ndipo komabe Kondratiuk anakumbukira ntchito yake yaikulu olembedwa. Kwa zaka zingapo ndalama wake, kutsogolera moyo wovutika, ndipo potsiriza anatumiza pamanja naye kusindikiza shopu m'deralo. Buku wakhala wochedwa. Typesetters sindikumvetsa zovuta sayansi mitunduyi masamu, alakwitse ndi redo zonse kachiwiri.

Buku lakuti

Mu January 1929, ndi "adzagonjetsa malo interplanetary" linasindikizidwa magazini yaing'ono makope 2000. Buku kumaphatikizapo 72 masamba ndi masamba angapo zithunzi ndi zojambula. Vladimir Vetchinkin analemba oyamba amene adayitana phunziro Kondratyuka kwambiri mabuku onse ndiye alipo, ndi lofalitsidwa osati Russian, komanso zilankhulo.

Kodi wachibadidwe latsopano lolembedwapo Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich? Chidwi mfundo m'buku kwagona polola nkhani zina ongolankhula, n'kutsegula kuthekera ongolankhula popita ku mapulaneti oyandikana nawo. Kondratyuk anatumiza mpukutu wina wa Tsiolkovsky ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi analandira yankho limene mnzake mkulu kutamandidwa ntchito yake. Ambiri mwa kufalitsa wasayansi anapatsa anzake. Ena kuwerenga bukhu kuchokera ulemu, koma n'zokayikitsa amvetse olembedwawo. Pakuti ena inventor ndi kukhala mwachirendo eccentric.

Kumangidwa ndi kuwatsekela

Atangochoka buku lakuti Kondratiuk pamodzi ndi anzake asanu anamangidwa ndipo alamulidwa zitatu m'ndende zaka pa 58th yakuti "zandale". Iwo analemba mwano wa mnzake. Patapita nthawi, chiganizo choyamba m'malo ntchito pa Bureau Special №14 - «sharashka" kumene ntchito za asayansi ena anagwidwa ndi ofufuza. Pali Kondratyuk anapeza ntchito yatsopano - inasanduka kupanga zida ntchito yopanga khala Kuzbass.

Komanso akachita analenga Crimea mphepo munda kamangidwe, analogues amene anali asanakwere dziko. Kuwonetsera Kondratyuka limodzi ndi akatswiri ambiri, kuphatikizapo Nikolay Nikitin, kenako anamanga Ostankino TV nsanja Moscow.

Tinakumana ndi Korolev

Mu 1933, Commissariat of kunagwa Makampani anapempha kuti GPU wa posachedwapa kumasula wasayansi. Choncho anamasulidwa Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photos ofufuza lero n'zochepa, chifukwa chakuti iye anali kukhala mu ukapolo, poyamba, ndiyeno zitamangidwa. mphepo mphamvu ntchito ndipo anavomereza, ndi Kondratiuk kupita ngakhale Moscow.

Mu likulu la nugget Siberia ndinakumana ndi Sergei Korolev, amene anamva za malingaliro ake chodabwitsa ongolankhula. Tsogolo mlengi wa maroketi danga kupereka alendo ntchito limodzi ulemu ndi gulu la amaganizo amodzi anzake. Komabe Kondratiuk anakana. zolinga zake si yeniyeni zikudziwika, koma biographers kugwirizana pa maganizo pamene ntchito kwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya usilikali, Mfumukazi wasayansi akhoza fufuzani NKVD. kafukufuku The sanalonjeze chilichonse chabwino. Ngati ziwalo anaphunzira za kudziwa zoona zenizeni Kondratyuka ndi ubale wake ndi woyera pa Civil nkhondo, asayansi kachiwiri kuopseza kuti m'misasa kapena mfuti.

Tsoka la theorist mipukutu

Mu 1938 Zonse-Union Umboni Commission wa USSR Academy anabwera chopempha yolembedwa ndi asayansi ambiri otchuka. Iwo adafunsa ongolankhula ntchito digiri digirii popanda kuteteza ndi nkhani yolembedwa, kungakhale kuwalakwira kuzindikira zikayenda kafukufuku, amene anafika wasayansi Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photo anazindikira ntchito zomangamanga wake ndi maulalo ntchito zolembedwa anali chifukwa chachikulu kuganizira candidacy. Komabe, ntchito anachotsedwa.

Kumene, amaudindo apamwamba si anazolowera kanjedza monga Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Mwachidule yonena za sayansi anapita kutsidya chimango aliyense nthawi zonse. Chaka chomwecho, kafukufuku wa poopa kuti ntchito zake unpublished, anapereka Archive mipukutu Borisu Vorobevu kale kusungidwa Tsiolkovsky. kukonzekereratu zimenezi zingatheke kusunga kwa mibadwo ya zikalata zofunika. Mpheta Linapulumutsadi kuiŵalika ndi imfa ya woyambayo, komabe unyamata, Mipukutu ya sayansi ndi.

imfa

Kamodzi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika, mwa ena ongodzipereka ambiri anadza kwa gulu la asilikali ndi Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Wasayansi theorist anali mu 62nd oyenda Regiment. Monga katswiri, anakhala ndi udindo kwa kuonetsetsa kulankhulana pakati pa battalions ndi likulu. Kondratyuka nkhondo yomaliza zinachitika mu usiku 25 26 February 1942 pa Oka Mtsinje m'dera Oryol. wasayansi anaphedwa mu zipolowe ndi Germany. mtembo wake m'manda pafupi ndi mudzi Krivtsovo.

M'zaka zotsatirazi, choyamba Soviet ndiyeno mabungwe ndinazindikira kufunika kwa ntchito Kondratyuk. Mu 1957, pa msonkhano wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR, odzipatulira kwa chikumbutso 100th wa Tsiolkovsky, Sergei Korolev lipoti, amene imawunikidwa nyota za Yuri Vasilievich. Masiku owerengeka chabe zitachitika analowa malo oyamba yokumba lapansi Kanema.

Direct Kondratyuka malingaliro anali woyamba zagwiridwa ndi America mu pulogalamu mwezi "Apollo" 60-ntchentche. NASA ntchito njira kwa zaka fifite pamaso pa akufuna asayansi Russian. Lonse Soviet anthu anaphunzira za Kondratyuk mu 1969. Ndiyeno, "Komsomolskaya Pravda" inalemba nkhani, limene kwa nthawi yoyamba konsekonse mu dziko, analengeza kuti wasayansi walenga luso limene Achimereka anafika pa mwezi. Mu 1970, wapadera komishoni Kondratyuka wolungama mlandu umene zaka zambiri mu "sharashka".