Shukhov Tower mu Moscow, adiresi, kutalika, chithunzi

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti chinthu monga Shukhov Tower, akutanthauza zodabwitsa za likulu ano Russian.

Omangawo mkulu-nyamuka Tingaone m'madera osiyanasiyana a mzinda, ndi pamwamba ake amapereka maganizo chodabwitsa Moscow.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

Tikumbukenso kuti Shukhov Tower mu Moscow ali maina angapo. Mu yopapatiza, mabwalo zambiri akatswiri umatchedwa Shukhov wailesi nsanja, TV nsanja Shukhov kapena Shabolovskaya TV nsanja.

Ambiri, izi nzeru hyperboloid dongosolo okonzeka ndi kuchirikiza chipolopolo zitsulo, anamanga pa ntchito yapadera yopangidwa ndi Academician V. G. Shuhovym. yomanga odzitukumula inatenga zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1920 mpaka 1922 Mu zaka zapitazo.

Pa matabwa ake uziyenda m'manja mwa Utumiki wa zoulutsa. Tsopano, kuyambira mu 2001, Shukhov Tower ndi pa kutaya wa FSUE "RTRS".

Chibwenzi, si ntchito cholinga chake ndipo amakhala kuyika kwa transmitters ma.

Momwe kuona la mzinda?

Shukhov nsanja, zithunzi zomwe zambiri kuwonekera magazini ndi timabuku wodzipereka kwa malo osangalatsa likulu Russian, ili mu Moscow, pa msewu. Shabolovka.

Kusochera mu alendo chidwi sizingagwire ntchito, chifukwa chinthu ndicho kupeza. Kuti muchite izi muyenera kupeza "Shabolovskaya" okwerera sitima ndipo kuyendayenda 300 meters.

Zikafika poipa, mukhoza kufunsa, uli Shukhov Tower, kwa odutsa kapena anthu a m'dera, ndipo amasangalala kucheza kopita kwawo.

mbali structural

Kuyambira mfundo luso view wa Shukhov Tower tichipeza zigawo zosiyana, omwe akatswiri anasonkhana pansi, kenako limatuluka kuti zingwe pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, pa msinkhu wa chigawo cha dongosolo chikugwirizana ndi wapadera rivets chachikulu kwambiri.

Malinga choyambirira kapangidwe kutalika Shukhov nsanja amayenera chidwi kwambiri, pafupi 350 m. Komabe, zinthu, zapangitsa kuti redraw dongosolo pakati. Dziko anakumana kusowa zoopsa za zitsulo, kotero 160 mamita - ndi pazipita kupezeka pa kutalika nthawi.

A History Mwachidule wa Shukhov Tower

Mu 1919, pamene nkhondo inali ngozi chomwe chayandikira kwa Soviet Union, pofuna zonse ndi odalirika mgwirizano pakati Moscow ndi m'mphepete mwa Republic ndi madera osiyanasiyana Western, V. I. Lenin zinasaina lamulo pa ntchito yomanga mwachangu wailesi nsanja.

Pa nthawiyi, Shukhov kale ntchito pa ntchito angapo ofanana. Anaganiza kuti maziko m'tsogolo chili ndi zipangizo (pa nthawiyo, kumene) ayenera kutenga izi mamangidwe makamaka.

Shukhov Tower pa Shabolovka anali kuposa dziko wotchuka Eiffel. Choyamba, zinali katatu opepuka kuposa kapangidwe French :. matani 2200 ndi matani 7300 Komabe, kugwa zachuma sikuloledwa kuzindikira maloto katswiri. Mu Union kanthawi, monga kale, analibe zitsulo Komabe, ayenela, ife tinayima pa nsanja kutalika 150 m.

Mu October 1919 Shukhov Tower, amene adiresi ali ndithu kudziwika monga Muscovites ndi alendo a likulu, wapeza maziko ake.

Ambiri, tisaiwale kuti polojekiti Shukhov anali wangwiro dziko lomwe munali nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi zisinthe. Tower kapangidwe ankaganiza kuti zinthu zing'onozing'ono koma wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Kuphweka ndi zothandiza ali kwenikweni kufika pa chilichonse, ndipo ziwalo zonse musati amafuna kapangidwe wapadera ndi, makamaka, rivets ndi mbiri.

Ngakhale zili chomwechi, Shukhov Tower mu Moscow (chithunzi a nthawi imeneyo Tingaone mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi mumzinda wa) sanali anamanga komanso mofulumira tikufuna. antchito anadandaula kuti matabwa ndi matabwa kubwera nthawi zonse ndi kuchedwa kwambiri, ndi zitsulo ndi chiyani kuoneka monyinyirika kwambiri.

Author V. G. Shuhov anali akukhudzidwa kumangako, lotengeka ndi mabungwe mgwirizano makontena a zomangamanga, analamula chakudya ndi zina kwenikweni ndi nkhondo adafunafuna malipilo yake kwa antchito.

Mopitilira kuchepetsa mtengo wa malo a msonkhano wazomangamanga anabwera kusonkhanitsa gawo kutalika mamita 25 masekeli mpaka mapaundi 300 pansi, ndiyeno chingwe ndi winch kuti kuwanyamulira iwo mmwamba. Iye mwini analipo pa zonse nyamuka. Ndipo m'kupita kwa Shukhov Tower mu Moscow anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe.

Shukhov, ngakhale mavuto a Uthunthu, anadzipereka yomanga. Mu chilimwe 1919 imfa ya mwana wake, mu March 1920 - mayi. Mu June 1921, potsatira mantha izo zinachitika pa chitunda a chigawo chachinayi, wachitatu linathyoka. Naomi mmodzi wa zingwe, ndi gawo lachinayi utachepa, kuwononga ndi awiri omwe amapanga M'munsi mwa nsanjayo. Anavutika, mwamwayi, anakwanitsa kuthawa, koma pa Shukhov kuchokera tsiku limene adayamba mafunso, mayesero ndi komishoni. Chifukwa, iye anali kupereka otchedwa "makonzedwe kuwombera", chomwe chingathe kukhala weniweni ngati nsanja sanathe kumaliza ndi tsiku lomalizira ndi.

Shukhov Tower bwino kwa ife, chithunzi chimene tinganene kuti zambiri monga buku lakonzedwa kuti asandulike kamangidwe, komanso maulendo wodzipereka kwa Moscow, anayamba ntchito mu 1923.

Anthu a anthu achikulire kuona kuti kwa nthawi yaitali anali ngati "maitanidwe khadi" TV onse pa USSR. Mlandu wailesi ndi chinthu anali koyamba mu 1937, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1939, pali kale anali wailesi zonse.

Kamangidwe kenako anataya kufunika kwake. Yofunika mbali iyi ankaimba kutsegula mu 1967 lamakono wamphamvu Ostankino nsanja.

Kodi Tower lero

Koma Shukhov Tower pa Shabolovka wachita kufunika kwakukulu mu miyoyo ya ku Russia. Kodi? mfundo ndi yakuti pambuyo moto pa Ostankino TV nsanja mu 2000 ndi zaka theka ndi chinthu ichi AMATHANDIZA kuulutsa njira yaikulu.

Pakali pano, amisiri wa dziko azindikira wapadera ndi chabwino mwaluso wake wa zomangamanga.

World kutchuka ndi kufunika kwa malo oonekera otchedwa Shukhov nsanja, zithunzi zimene tinganene kuti mwatsatanetsatane, ndi chilimbe ndi mphoto kwa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana. zitsanzo ake zimakhudzidwa pafupifupi onse yapamwamba zisudzo European wa zaka posachedwapa.

Mwachitsanzo, wailesi nsanja chithunzi ntchito ngati chizindikiro mu Paris pa Center Pompidou, chionetsero "Engineering Art". Ndipo mu 2003 ku Munich, pa chochitika lotchedwa "Top kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga Nyumba ya XX m'ma", ndi zinachitika anamanga gilded nsanja Shukhov 6m mkulu. Komanso, mabuku ambiri pa mbiriyakale ya zomangamanga ku Ulaya, nyumba imeneyi limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

Mu 2006, pa msonkhano wa sayansi pa mapulaneti lonse "kuteteza Kamangidwe ka XX atumwi" omwe anali nawo akatswiri 170 ochokera m'mayiko 30, Shukhov Tower anamuzindikira ndi Russian mwaluso mapulani ndi munthu World Heritage Site.

Malinga n'kuŵerengera malo chitetezo cha zinthu "yogwira nzika" Shukhov Tower panopa otetezedwa ndi boma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupezeke mu UNESCO World Heritage Site, koma chida chimenechi chatsekedwa.

Ntchito ikuchitika m'zaka XXI

British wamanga N. oterewa mu March 2010, analemba kalata ndi kufunika kwa m'maulendo kwathunthu nsanjayo chikhalidwe chake chapachiyambi, kutchula chakuti ndi bwinja ndi kuwonongedwa.

Pakali pano, amisiri anakonza zingapo zimene mungachite kuti ayambe chinthu. Mmodzi wa iwo amapereka kwa iye kuti kulenga (mu chifaniziro cha Tower Eiffel), dera zosangalatsa. Pali akuyenera kuika wa malonda, kowonera zakale ndi chikhalidwe zovuta.

Mu 2011, Putin analamula pa 2011-2013 kuonetsetsa ku bajeti ya Federation miliyoni 135 rubles. analinganiza ndi kukhazikitsanso chinthu.

Mu June 2012, nsanja ija anafufuza ndi ndege opanda. Ndi inasintha chitsanzo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena wa Moscow kuona TACHIMATA ndi kupotoza amene anachitika kuyambira.

Mu chaka chomwecho, ndi mpikisano mgwirizano chilolezocho, umalimbana chitukuko cha ntchito komanso kamangidwe zolembedwa ya kukhazikitsanso nsanja anapambana kampani "Quality ndi kudalilika" imene ili oposa khumi miliyoni ndi theka rubles walenga ndi kukhazikitsanso ntchito padziko lonse.

Fund Manager "Shukhov Tower" ndi mdzukulutuvi wa injiniya wanzeru ananena kuti ntchitoyo ndi ofunika mayuro miliyoni 2 lolipiridwa ndi mabungwe akunja kuti athane ndi zomangamanga, zomangamanga ndi sayansi.

kufunika kubwezeretsa

Pakuti nthawi zonse kumanga ntchito zomangamanga konse capitally anakonza ayi. Back mu 1992, dzina kufunika kukonza mwachangu. Fund "Shukhov Tower" adapempha zingapo zimene mungachite kuti refurbishment dongosolo limeneli.

Ganizo lakuti kuti zone chatsekedwa moyandikana ndi nsanja, kuti ntchito zokopa alendo, kumanga m'mapaki mchere, zakale ndi zoimbaimba holo.

Ena akufuna kusamutsa kulengedwa mwa malo awa:

• Gorky Park ;
• ENEA;
• District Kaluga kumudzi.

Against kulanda kwambiri, kuphatikizapo ntchito yapadera ankaimba ndi oimira wa gwero "yogwira nzika". "Shukhov Tower ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa malo ake mbiri, mwinamwake udzawononga dziko imangokhala mwaluso," - akunena.

Zolinga kusamutsa: mfundo "chifukwa" ndi "kutsutsa"

Mu 2014, Utumiki wa Kulumikizana ndi Misa Media inanena kuti nsanja anawamvera ku chikhalidwe chisanadze pangozi chiwonongeko siriyo.

Oimira boma la akhala akuganizira kuti disassemble chinthu chonsecho ndi kubwezeretsa mu malo ena.

Koma ndi kulanda ndi kusanthula cholowa mapulani a dziko anachita yomweyo 38 kutsogolera akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso mapulani, komanso anthu a m'dera Shabolovka.

Opanikizika anthu, boma anaganiza kuti dismantle nsanja ndipo anavomera ku Unduna wa zoulutsa ndalama zawo kukhwimitsa mwadzidzidzi poyankha kuteteza chinthu.

Maziko "Shukhov Tower" ndi chiyani?

Mutu wa thumba chomwecho akutumikira anali mdzukulu wa injiniya wotchuka - Vladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Iye panopa amapereka kukhazikitsanso mabuku a gawo pafupi nsanja. Malinga zinachitikira European refurbishment nyumba wapadera kamangidwe ayenera analengedwa mu dera malo lolingana zomangamanga ndi kuonetsetsa yoyenera kudya zithunzi chinthu. Choncho n'zotheka kukopa ndalama kwambiri.

Fund "Shukhov Tower" akuyimila kwa chilengedwe cha nyumba pa maziko a likulu loyambirira la sayansi luso komanso chikhalidwe, omwe akuphatikizapo kowonera zakale V. G. Shuhova, malo ochitira bizinesi, ndi ya nyumba pagulu.

Bungwe pa mlingo lonse akufunafuna mabungwe ndi makampani, ndi kutsogolera akatswiri, mapulani ndi akatswiri.

Zosangalatsa za nsanjayo

Shuhovskaya - ndi kwenikweni wapadera hyperboloid dongosolo yotentha ndi kupanga akuthandiza zitsulo mauna chivundikirocho. Pakali pano, nsanja anazindikira mwa akatswiri kuzungulira dziko la zomwe wanzeru kwambiri wa zomangamanga.

Iwo ali wapadera metallosetchatuyu kaso mamangidwe omwe amakwaniritsa Impact kochepa wa mphepo, woimira nyumba zikuluzikulu zomwe chiopsezo. Kumangidwa zitsulo makamaka zosavuta ndi durability.

The tapered wozungulira nsanja nyumba 25 wapangidwa ndi zigawo mita asanu, pansi pa amene anaika pa wapadera konkire maziko akuya mamita atatu. Nsanja ali yomatidwa ndi rivets. Nsanja inamangidwa popanda cranes, ankafunika yekha mgwirizano ndi pamwamba ntchito.

Nkhondo isanayambe, yomanga anatenga anayendera zapadera: makalata ndege pa ndege anagwira chingwe akuthandiza nsanja. Galimoto pafupifupi mudzatyokatyoka, ndi nsanja pang'ono kugwedezeka, koma mwamwayi, anakhalabe ubwenzi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuti m'nthawi ya kulengeza woyamba kwambiri moyo, pamene presenters sankaloledwa ngakhale kulakwitsa pang'ono, iwo anabwera ndi miyambo ya "mwayi": lingaliro la kulambalala bwino mumpweya nsanja kukhudza izo pansi pa joists ndi.

ndemanga zoyamikira

The Tower Mosakayika chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za Moscow. Alendo amene anali ndi mwayi kuona wotchuka, yachitatu mu Moscow nsanja, anaona kuti ndi dongosolo zazikulu, choyambirira ndi wokongola kwambiri chinthu, chuma chenicheni cha Russia.

Iwo amanena kuti mu mdima, mu nyengo zoonekeratu, ataliatali pa nkhalango mzindawo konkire, zikuwoneka zokongola.

Anthu ndikuyembekeza kuti nsanja adzakhala Moscow, ndipo adzakhala potsiriza limzake.

Otsutsa kukhala chinthu

Mwatsoka, pali. Othandiza kugwetsa chinthu amaumirira chakuti pamene boma pano, nsanja zake maonekedwe a oyandikana nawo.

Mfundo imodzi: Shukhov kwenikweni muyenera kubwezeretsa, ndipo kutero ayenera posachedwapa.