Sitima zapamadzi "Lada" pulojekiti 677

ntchito asilikali nyanja ndi misa mbali pachiyambi. Nzosadabwitsa utumiki panyanja wakhala ankaona makamaka wolemekezeka, ndi udindo wa "asilikali" nthawi ofunika kuposa asilikali. Imodzi mwa mbali pa nkhondo pa madzi kuti mukhoza Anton kuukira osati pa gawo la zombo pamwamba mdani ndi ndege, komanso kuchokera pansi pa madzi.

sitima zankhondo German anali kutulo kwenikweni kwa adani pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, kutumiza mamiliyoni matani katundu ndi zikwi za zombo pansi pa Atlantic. Soviet Union anayamikira chopereka German kuti chitukuko ya sitima zapamadzi zombo, kuyambira mu unawonongedwa nthawi chitukuko patsogolo umenewu.

Popereka mawu "sitima zapamadzi" anthu ambiri kamodzi pali kuyanjana ndi yaikulu sitima zapamadzi chombo katundu zoopsa bolodi mu mawonekedwe a lolemera mivi ballistic, angathe kubweretsa yaikulu vuto Nkosatheka mdani. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu wamba kuiwala kuti Navy ano chimodzimodzi n'zofunika ang'ono dizilo-magetsi sitima zankhondo. Iwo ili yofunika kwambiri mu mfundo zosokoneza, ankafika covert mdani pagombe.

"Lada" imodzi mwa ntchito bwino kwambiri chinali sitima zapamadzi. Lero ndipo ife tinena.

mwachidule

667 ntchito Court anafuna kuchita reconnaissance ndi zonyoza zimayenda ntchito ndi zombo pamwamba ndi sitima zankhondo za mdani, kuteteza malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja mdani kumenya munthu, komanso kuti yopanga minefields ndi mavuto ena ofanana. Choncho, sitima zapamadzi "Lada" lomwe lili chithunzi m'nkhani ndi optimally oyenera ntchito ndi a nkhondo zamakono, chimene chimafuna sayenda pazipita ndi chozemba.

Mbali A wa sitima zankhondo ija ndi chiwembu cha zomangamanga awo amatchedwa "atatu-kota". chakuti thupi (zopangidwa ndi zitsulo AB-2) ali m'mimba mwake yemweyo mu kutalika kwake. Mosiyana ndi sitima zankhondo chachikulu nyukiliya tiweramitse ndi kumbuyo ndi bwino chimatanthauza ozungulira mawonekedwe. Chifukwa bulkheads wa alumikizana ndi lagawidwa m'magawo asanu osiyana. Adzikometsa m'ngalawamo atatu.

Chidwi makhalidwe hydrodynamic amaperekedwa ndi thupi mwapadera makamaka bwino streamlined. Chitseko mayunitsi ndi chimodzimodzi Boom omwewo amene yodziwika zombo za polojekiti 877, koma mchira empennage anapanga crosswise, ndipo mawilo kutsogolo ndi wokwera pa mpanda. Ichi chidachitika kuti ungapangitse wamng'ono zotheka kulowelera mu zida sonar, amene okonzeka ndi sitima zapamadzi a. The "Mogwirizana" Mwanjira imeneyi ndi miyeso yolinganizira chenicheni ndi chete kwambiri, zovuta kudziwa kudzera mwa sonar ndi m'madzi zowulutsira.

armament sitima zankhondo

Njira yaikulu ya chitetezo ndi kuukira ndi magalimoto asanu kukhazikitsa torpedoes likungosonyeza 533 mm, ndi mabomba awiri pa sitimayo chapamwamba anapangidwa kuti kuwombera munitions oongoka. Muyezo zipolopolo m'gulu 18 torpedoes. Nthawi zambiri, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi "Lada 677" amagwiritsa mtundu generic a zipolopolo (SAET-60M, UGST), torpedoes wapadera kuwononga sitima zankhondo mdani. Pa bolodi kungakhale mivi sitima, komanso 22 migodi DM-1 chitsanzo. N'zotheka kuthana ndi ntchito mivi odana ndi mtundu "ukuwa."

kuwombera dongosolo limalola akatemera osakwatira ndiponso ananyoza kuwomba kuchokera ku migodi asanu imodzi. Pa recharge oponya zovuta mayankho "Murena", chomwe chimathandiza ntchito lonse mode kwathunthu basi. Dongosolo lonse kwathunthu ankalamulira pa lamulo mfundo mkulu, amene okonzeka ndi sitima zapamadzi a. The "Mogwirizana" anali woyamba Soviet Union chitukuko cha sitima zapamadzi sanali nyukiliya chombo yomwe ntchito ndi chiwerengero cha zovuta ndi mkulu-ntchito zokha.

Kuthandiza kuteteza bwato ku ndege nkhondowo mdani, oyendetsa tingalandire zitsanzo sikisi MANPADS "Igla-1m". Mgwirizanowu a machitidwe onse nkhondowo anaonetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito "lifiyamu" dongosolo. Choncho, sitima zapamadzi "Lada" zida kuti ife zasonyeza, ndi miyeso yake yaing'ono amatha kupulumutsa vuto lalikulu kwa mdani aliyense.

sonar osiyanasiyana

Pakuti kufufuza sonar akukumana zovuta "Lira", womwenso amphamvu tcheru tinyanga. Unit tichipeza tinyanga atatu okha, mmodzi wa limene lili pa uta sitima zapamadzi, koma awiri - ndi wokwera pa mbali yake. Akatswiri pazipita awiri kuwonjezera lolondola muyeso wa phokoso m'madzi. Choncho, mlongoti kutsogolo ali pafupifupi onse danga pa uta sitima zapamadzi lapansi. Mu chochitika cha kuwonongeka kwa pa bolodi zida yatulusa zida sonar kuti sitima zapamadzi "Lada" (Project 677) Kodi chingwe chabwazi kumbuyo kwake pa kuguba.

dongosolo navigation

Navigation dongosolo - inertial mtundu. Kodi anapatsa deta pa malo enieni la chombo, komanso mtima wa liwiro akadakwanitsira limene zida pa bolodi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzuwa pazipita.

Monga mbali ya dziko ali ndi zida periscope monga Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code "kupalasa-98", limene mbali zotsatirazi:

• Ozama periscope mkulu, "kupalasa-98KP". Iwo ali tsiku ndi njira otsika mlingo (kuwala ndi TV). Mlingo wa kuwonjezeka zimasiyanasiyana 1.5 kuti 12X, kujambula mungathe anati deta.
• Mlongoti PHC, si ozama mtundu "kupalasa-98UP". Ndi kwenikweni Mipikisano ntchito konsekonse periscope. Monga mbali ya kamangidwe - njira ziwiri (nthawi zonse komanso otsika mlingo), mlingo wa kuwonjezeka - monga mkulu wa zakutali, pali mkulu-ntchito laser rangefinder.

Choncho, sitima zapamadzi "Lada", limene ife mwachidule TTX penti, mukhoza mofanana bwino ntchito mu usana ndi usiku zinthu. Izo nthawizonse amakhalabe kosaoneka ndi mdani.

zinthu zina za dongosolo navigation

Chofunika kwambiri ndi makina ounikira dongosolo Rada chitsanzo KRM-66 "Kodak". Kumaphatikizapo mu umembala wake udakali chabe njira wailesi akhoza opareshoni mu mode kuphatikiza. Pamene ntchito yogwira zikhoza adamulowetsa makamaka kutetezedwa chobisika njira. Iwo amapereka chithunzi pa zimenezi powerenga sitima zapamadzi (kuphatikizapo pamwambapa madzi), koma analibe unmask sitimayo. Mwanjira imeneyi, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi "Lada" (Project 677) m'njira zambiri wapadera chinthu, chimene kwenikweni alibe analogues mu dziko, ziribe kanthu momwe trite mawu zikumveka.

Intaneti dongosolo kulankhulana "Mtunda" chitsanzo. Timatha nzeru zambiri pa malo njira bidirectional mudziwe kufala kuti abwezeretse posts lamulo, sitima ndi ndege (kwa Zoperekedwa pa akuya periscope). Ngati mukufuna kutumiza uthenga wofunika kufunika kwa akuya kwambiri, ntchito utsi towed mlongoti. zida Izi olimbika, mphamvu yake yoteteza ngakhale pa nkhani ya nkhondoyi. Kunena mwachidule, "Mogwirizana" - ngalawa ndi olimbikira kwambiri.

Pomaliza, akonzedwa zida navigation "Appassionata." Lili mtundu wa dongosolo inertial navigation ndi Kanema navigation gawo GPS / GLONASS. Kulondola kudziwa malo pa ntchito zedi mkulu, koma zimadalira moyandikana cha siteshoni m'munsi Kusintha kwa makamaka "WOPEREKA".

magetsi

"Mtima" wa sitima zapamadzi ndi dizilo-magetsi zomera, anachita malinga ndi ndale zomwe amapereka kwa gulu basi pa iwonso magetsi. Izi isiyana ndi analogues yachilendo sitima zapamadzi "Lada". TTS (zoyendera ndi machitidwe luso), sitima za mayiko a kalasi angapereke kuyenda yekha pa injini dizilo.

The injini dizilo ili mu chipinda chachinayi. Kupanga jenereta magetsi zilemba awiri 28DG conjugate ndi rectifiers oveteredwa pa 1000 kw lililonse. mphamvu amasungidwa magulu awiri mabatire. Uliwonse wa zinthu izi ndi 126 (ali mu zipinda choyamba ndi chachitatu). Onse ophatikizana mphamvu dongosolo lonse mu chikhalidwe chapamwamba - 10580 kW / h. Ntchito injini - magetsi, wokonda maginito okhazikika. Mark SED-1, mphamvu yeniyeni ndi 4100 kW.

Anasankha injini mphamvu ndi mphamvu mabatire si mwangozi. The chakuti ali paubwenzi imatheka mofulumira potsegula wa mabatire, umene pafupifupi kawiri amachepetsa pamaso pa sitima zapamadzi pa akuya periscope. Popeza gawo la jenereta si Pepala la unit burashi, kukonza ndi ntchito ya unsembe lonse ndi chosavuta kwambiri ndipo si owopsa. Chikutanthauza "Lada" - bwato, makamaka patsogolo nthawi yake.

Kuweta dera ntchito injini

Variable liwiro magetsi zosagwiritsa dongosolo masewero wotsogolera chachikulu mu zikhalidwe zonse kuyenda kwa sitimayo. Mfundo imeneyi tinakambiranapo kale zoti kuyenda pa dizilo limodzi lokha pa anapereka mfundo. The tinakwera ali masamba asanu, popangidwa ndi yapadera, luso otsika phokoso. Izi zilili anali kwakukulukulu akwaniritsa kuyamika mawonekedwe a masamba saber, umene umabala phokoso kochepa pamene galimoto. Komanso, sitima zapamadzi ali zizindikiro ziwiri RDK 35 akumidzi Utsogoleri yachiwiri.

The pazipita kukwaniritsa mathamangidwe padziko ukufika 21 mfundo. Mu adalowetsedwa sitima zapamadzi osati omwazika pa mfundo 10. Ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi 6,000 mailosi, koma pamene galimoto patsogolo chuma angadwale moyo utumiki wa za wina 650 miles.

Za kukhala ndi ntchito zinthu oyendetsa

Adalira zikuphatikizapo anthu 35. Kupulumutsa anthu ku nkhani ya kupulumutsidwa mwadzidzidzi anapereka KSU-600 dongosolo. Kumafuna basi kutali kumasulidwa liferafts chitsanzo PSNL-20. A okwana magawo awiri, iwo zili superstructure kwa zipangizo kutsetsereka.

Sqm pa sitima zapamadzi ndi ili mu chipinda chachitatu. Mosiyana zombo padziko USSR ndi Russia, oyendetsa anapanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri moyo. Kuti ogwira ali cabins awiri. Aliyense kapitawo kuika chipinda osiyana.

Kudya chikuchitika mu nyansi chipinda ndi maofesi pantry. M'matangadza chakudya, malingana ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi zofunika kusunga imakonzedwa mu zipinda zodyera utakhazikika ndi uncooled. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi ija anaikidwa wopalasa ngalawayo zida zatsopano chitsanzo: kutalika yaying'ono kwambiri amatipatsa yokonza zonse zosiyanasiyana chakudya chakudya adalira.

Mwatsopano madzi amasungidwa akasinja zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonjezeredwa chakudya mwatsopano madzi kukhala mwachindunji zinthu kumunda. Chifukwa chaichi, zomera desalination Amawapatsa, amene ntchito ntchito kutentha kwa injini dizilo. Ambiri, pamene otaya zonse kampeni katundu madzi okwanira kuti mupeze osati zoweta, komanso zofuna luso. Kwathunthu yodzaza ndi sitima zapamadzi zonse zofunikira ndi yoyenda yokha kwa masiku 45.

ntchito winanso wa ngalawayo ndi chiyembekezo

Monga nthawi zambiri zimachitika, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi "Lada" osati athana ndi mayesero a nthawi. chakuti tingachidziwe satsatira zofunika amakono ntchito kwa gulu ili la zombo. Choncho, pa nthawi pali ntchito kwambiri pa chilengedwe cha zosagwiritsa anaerobic. Kumapeto kwa 2012, kufuna kugula sitima zankhondo sikisi Project 677 "Lada" zowonetseredwa India, yemwe wakhala njira bwenzi la dziko lathu.

Mwachidule, dziko likusowa dizilo-magetsi sitima zankhondo zimenezi, chomwe chingathe kukhala mu nkhondo ngati kuli kotheka kwa nthawi yaitali, popanda kufunika ngakhale kunyamula pa akuya periscope. Sitima zapamadzi "Lada", airindependent magetsi umene angwiro, adzatha kuchita miyezi yambiri "heats". Tikumbukenso kuti kafukufuku am'derali bwino zedi.

Kodi latsopano?

Zaluso mu kamangidwe ka sitima kutsimikiziridwa adzapatsidwa kwambiri. mapulogalamu zimene kampani wotchuka CDB INE "Rubin". Mu zaka za m'ma 2013 izo tinaganiza kuti sitima zapamadzi "Mogwirizana" apitiriza kukhala mu utumiki ndi Russian apanyanja. The modernized, ndithudi, mawonekedwe.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa wamakono wa akatswiri m'dera pa bolodi zamagetsi. Kwathunthu anamva chisoni Makinawa unsembe oponya pafupifupi mwathunthu atatembenuzidwa (potengera ntchito sayansi yamakono) Zimango magetsi magetsi.

Musati mukhale "alakwa" ndi navigation: kuganizira angati njira atsopano mbali iyo, tikhoza kunena kuti dongosolo ndi timawerenga kuti udzakhazikitsidwanso. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zimenezi sitima zapamadzi "Lada" amatipeza amakopa chidwi cha makasitomala akunja.

Choyamba m'matangadza adzatsika "Kronstadt". Oddly zokwanira, koma zakale "madona akale" amene akufuna thanani, lero anakhala wa sitima zankhondo za zotsogola sanali nyukiliya ku dziko. Tikhoza kunena kuti pokhalabe mayendedwe a ntchito iwo adzakhala achimwemwe kupeza osati nyumba ya yapamadzi, komanso makasitomala ambiri achilendo, kuchirikiza bajeti dziko.

Komabe, monga ambiri maboti Project 677 "Lada" Lero Russia n'kofunika, kuyambira zombo zimenezi ndi njira poteteza malire apanyanja ndi malire, zomwe dziko lathu wochuluka.