Smolensk nkhondo

Russia m'zaka za m'ma 17, chokumana ndi mavuto mkati chikhalidwe ndi phukusi Chipolishi Swedish, anakakamizika kukhala moyo ndi zomvetsa awo Kupititsa: Yayi, Koporje, Ivangorod ndi Smolensk, Chernigov dziko ceded anansi ake - Sweden ndi Commonwealth. Kum'mwera kwa dziko mliri Crimea Chitata ...

Pa nthawi yomweyo kuthetsa mavuto awa atatu dziko sunali udindo, monga patsogolo anatsimikiza zochokera zinthu mayiko ndi chuma chawo.

Mu mmasate cha m'ma 17 pambuyo pa imfa ya Sigismund Ndinali ndi malo abwino kwambiri kubwerera Smolensk. Zemsky Sobor anavomereza maganizo a boma, ndi mu 1632 anayamba Smolensk nkhondo, cholinga chimene anali kubwerera kudziko linalandidwa kuchokera ake pa mavuto.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita mphenzi analimbikitsa chifukwa chakuti mayiko amphamvu European ankagwira zaka makumi atatu nkhondo, ndipo iwo sanali kuti zinthu ku Eastern Europe.

Kwa zikwi makumi anai Russian ratification limene linali ndithu ntchito yaikulu, Smolensk Nkhondo 1632 linayamba zinthu m'malo ovuta: ndi zigawo kum'mwera zimakonda kudya Crimeans, choncho boma, kuopa kubwera kwa asilikali zambiri za ambuye Crimea ang'onoang'ono, mpaka August anachedwa kuchoka wa asilikali Moscow.

Kukwera zinachitika pang'onopang'ono, kotero asilikali anali pafupi Smolensk mu December, kutenga msewu Serpeysk, White, Roslavl, Nevel, Starodub.

Kuulukira kutenga mzinda Shein wa Smolensk - mkulu wa asilikali Russian - analephera, ndipo kuzinga anakokera kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu yaitali. The linga kwathunthu chimalimba kwambiri atatsala pang'ono nkhondo anayamba Smolensk, choncho ankhondowo anayenera abwerere ngati mmene kawiri, ngakhale pambuyo njira ozungulira mzindawo zida zankhondo.

Ndipo mu Chipolishi Chilituyaniya Commonwealth pa nthawi ino zinthu zasintha kwambiri: wachifumu m'malo mwa bambo ake anakwera Vladislav, amene anayamba mwamphamvu kukhalabe asilikali a linga anazinga.

Smolensk nkhondo, nthawi imene nkhongono kuwukira mu 1633 mu Russian Crimea Chitata, kopambana anasintha ake. Ambiri a anthu olemekezeka adathawa asilikali kupulumutsa mabanja awo ndi anthu wotchuka ndi "kusamvera", wopangidwa mwa wamba, serfs ndi m'tauni, kuchita zinthu olimbanawo, pomenyana osati mdani, komanso wotchuka onse ozungulira.

mzinda anafika, ndipo Vladislav, amene anatha kudula asilikali Shein kumbuyo. Asilikali Russian, amene anaima patsogolo pa ophunzitsidwa bwino asilikali 15 zikwi zonse ndi 12 zikwi Cossacks, anayamba kuda nkhawa. Ndinkamvako kuchepa pachimake cha chakudya ndi chakudya.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ena a asilikali a Vladislav anasamukira ku kum'mawa, monga mwa mayendedwe a kumasula Dorogobuzh, ndiyeno kubwezera anayamba chokana ndi midzi ya Great Uta wa, Mozhaisk, Kozelsk, Kaluga, etc.

March 1 Shein capitulated n'kumachita Smolensk nkhondoyo inatha. Chinafalikira gawo la zokambirana, umene unakwaniritsidwa mu June chaka chomwecho ndi kusainira Polyanovskiy mgwirizano umene Zitsulo anapezanso midzi yonse Russia anagwira pa siteji koyamba za nkhondo, kuphatikizapo Smolensk unbowed. Vladislav, nayenso, yokhala amasiya kunenanso kuti wachifumu Russian, m'modzi wa zinthu kiyi wa mtendere.

Smolensk nkhondo, mwachidule yodziwika ndi mbiri yakale ngati osauka, mosatsata Russia a kuthekera nkhondo ndi mnansi kum'mwera mu 1937, Don Cossacks anakwanitsa analanda Turkey Azov. Moscow sanayese n'komwe kuthandiza; akumbukira zinachitikira chisoni ya nkhondo yotsiriza, ndi Cossacks sakanachitira mwina koma kusiya Nyumbayi.

Zemsky Sobor ananena Bwanamkubwa M. Shein ponena chotupa mu Smolensk nkhondo ndi pa bwalo chigamulo chake boyar mutu.