Solder kwa mkuwa soldering, zotayidwa, mkuwa, zitsulo ndi zosapanga dzimbiri. Solder zikuchokera kwa soldering. Mitundu ya solder kwa soldering

Pamene adzatsekeredwa kulumikiza pamodzi ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana okhazikika, nthawi zambiri osankhidwa brazing izi. Zimenezi si zachilendo m'madera ambiri a makampani. Tiyenera solder ndi handyman.

Opaleshoni imeneyi kumathandiza kokha pamene TV awonongeka kapenanso computer, ndipo apeze kuti m'malo yopsereza Chip kapena Chip. Ndi ndondomeko zimenezi zichitike yafupika refrigeration, kachitidwe mafakitale. Pike amathandizanso mu ngati kuli kofunika kupeza chidindo. Komanso, mfundo zina sitingapeze chikugwirizana m'njira yosiyana. Zotayidwa, mkuwa, mkuwa sangathe kugwirizana ndi kuwotcherera. Pofuna kupeza ubwino ndi odalirika, komanso chidindo, m'pofunika ali ndi zida zabwino ndi luso komanso oyenera consumables - solders ndi fluxes kwa soldering.

Kasakaniza wazitsulo, solders ndi mitundu kamwazi amasankhidwa malingana zipangizo, amene adzakhala ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mogwirizana ndi malonda zotayidwa amafuna kamwazi osiyana ena kuposa kuti mkuwa kapena siliva. Pansipa ife kufotokoza makhalidwe yaikulu ya aliyense wa iwo ndi kusankha njira woyenera pa ntchitoyo.

Solder kwa soldering: makhalidwe

Monga ntchito zosiyanasiyana kasakaniza wazitsulo zitsulo. Palinso nyimbo zochokera zitsulo koyera. Kuti ntchito solder makamaka anakhoza kulenga kugwirizana apamwamba, zinthuzi ayenera amasiyana makhalidwe ena.

wettability

Choyamba, mtundu uliwonse wa solder ayenera wettability kwambiri. Popanda mbali zikuluzikulu soldered sitingapeze molondola tilankhule wina ndi mnzake. wettability ndi chiyani? Izi ndi chidwi chodabwitsa kuti pamene mphamvu ya ubwenzi particles olimba ndi madzi kuposa mamolekyulu madzi. Ngati pali wetting, pamene madzi adzakhala anafalikira padziko ndi limalowera mu cavities onse. Choncho, ngati solder kuti solder sakutero yonyowa Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa, ndiye sangathe ntchito ndi chitsulo ichi. Pakuti soldering mtambowo si ntchito mu mawonekedwe woyera. wetting makhalidwe ake ali otsika kwambiri ndipo sangadalire khalidwe mkulu wa kugwirizana.

mfundo limatsogolera

Kaya mtundu wa solder ndi kutentha pa zimene zikuyamba kusungunula, kukhala pansipa limatsogolera soldered zipangizo. Kuyenera kuposa kutentha zikugwira ntchito mbali.

Ponena za kutentha limatsogolera amatanthauza mfundo ziwiri. Ichi ndi phindu limene kusungunuka zigawo fusible adzakhala pokonza ndi osachepera, kumene aloyi amakhala madzi. Kusiyana kutentha awiriwa amatchedwa crystallization imeneyi. Ngati malo soldering uli mkati kusiyana uyu, pakuti ngakhale ang'ono mawotchi katundu pa workpiece akhoza kwathunthu kuwononga dongosolo solder. Pa nkhani imeneyi adzakhala chikondwerero brittleness mkulu ndi kukana. Kumbukirani chinthu chachikulu: musakhale mu njira iliyonse bwanji kugwirizana malinga ngati solder kwa soldering si kwathunthu wotsimikiza.

katundu Kwambiri solders

Kaya mtundu ndi mtundu wa aloyi, zikhonza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chuma chilichonse, sayenera muli zitsulo aliyense katundu kapena zinthu zina poizoni pamwamba ponseponse anakhazikitsa. The zikuchokera nkhani solder limafanana ndi mwatsatanetsatane pazipita. Apo ayi, sadzatha kupeza kugwirizana odalirika. brittleness kwambiri zidzachitika.

solder iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi cholinga, ayenera kukhala thermally khola. Komanso solder kwa soldering ayenera elektrostabilnostyu. Iwo ayenera kuganizira koefishienti cha kuwonjezedwa matenthedwe ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe. Iwo athema kuleka kusiyana kwambiri ku makhalidwe amene chagwiritsidwa mankhwala solder.

Mitundu ya solder kwa soldering

kasakaniza wazitsulo onse alipo ntchito imeneyi lagawidwa zofewa kapena fusible, mmene limatsogolera kutentha ndi madigiri mpaka 450 Celsius ndi olimba. Apa, izo ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mtengo pamwamba.

solders zofewa

Mmodzi wa kasakaniza wazitsulo otchuka kwambiri ankaona kuti malata-kutsogolera ndi okhutira zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pofuna zofunika makhalidwe nkhani ya solder kwa soldering akhoza kuwonjezeredwa zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza zina. Mwachitsanzo, bismuth ndi cadmium ntchito kuchepetsa limatsogolera kutentha. Powonjezera antimony kumawonjezera mphamvu ya olowa brazed.

Kasakaniza wazitsulo la otsogolera malata ndi limatsogolera mfundo otsika ndi mphamvu otsika. Iwo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ziwalo, machitidwe a imene imakhudza kulemedwa kwambiri. Komanso, solders awa osavomerezeka ngati kutentha zikugwira ntchito mbali adzakhala pamwamba 100 ° C. Ngati muli ndi solder mbali yodzaza ndi solders zofewa, ayesetse kuonjezera dera kukhudzana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri.

Pakati wotchuka kwambiri zipangizo zofewa tingaone chithunzi-18 chithunzi-30 chithunzi-40 chithunzi-61 chithunzi-90. manambalawo amapatsidwa chifukwa. Izi ndi kuchuluka malata mu aloyi lapansi. Makampani ndi zambiri ntchito kupanga zamagetsi, chida kupanga. Tsiku ndi tsiku, iwo angathe kulumikiza zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu: matelevizioni dera, ovens mayikirowevu, maketulo magetsi ndi zina zipangizo yaing'ono.

Pangano solders

POS 90 lakonzedwa kuti ntchito ndi mfundo, amene ndiye kugwiridwa ndi luso galvanic. POS-61 angagwiritsidwe ntchito yokonza zida mwatsatanetsatane. Komanso, aloyi ndi abwino kulumikiza zidutswa za udindo mkulu zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. POS-61 lasonyeza mwangwiro monga solder kwa mkuwa soldering ndi mkuwa. Solder ndi abwino pamene kuli kofunikira kukwaniritsa mankhwala khola ndi mkulu madutsidwe magetsi.

POS 40 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ntchito ndi mfundo zachibwana ndi zolakwika. Mu ichi m'dera zikugwira ntchito akhoza usavutike kutentha. Chithunzi-30 oyenera soldering mkuwa kapena mkuwa, zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo chitsulo.

olimba

Mwa kasakaniza wazitsulo refractory ankagwiritsa ntchito ndipo wolemekezeka magulu awiri okha. Izi zili choncho makamaka mkuwa, siliva kasakaniza wazitsulo.

Gulu loyamba zingaphatikizepo solder, mkuwa, nthaka. Iwo ali chiliri mankhwala amene umasokonezeka ndi katundu malo amodzi. The fragility wa kasakaniza wazitsulo izi salola kuti ntchito mfundo adzaona kunyanyala kapena kugwedera iliyonse.

Ndi solders zamkuwa kapena nyimbo nthaka ofotokoza monga PMC 36 ndi PMC 54. Choyamba - ichi ndi wangwiro mkuwa solder kwa soldering kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse mkuwa. Lachiwiri ndi oyenera ntchito mbali mkuwa, mkuwa kapena chitsulo.

Ngati mukufuna kulumikiza pamodzi magawo awiri zitsulo, ndiye n'zotheka ntchito mkuwa wangwiro, mkuwa sukulu L-62, L-62, L-68. solders amenewa ndi zochokera mkuwa angalenge mankhwala amphamvu ndi pulasitiki. Mkuwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi makhalidwe.

Amawaona apamwamba kasakaniza wazitsulo khalidwe siliva. The zikuchokera mwina muli nthaka ndi mkuwa. AKP 70 - Solder kwa mkuwa soldering, ntchito ndi mkuwa, siliva zigawo zikuluzikulu. chinthu ichi ndi abwino ngati kugwirizana malo liyenela magetsi. SDP 65 ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera, zovekera, mapaipi madzi. AKP 45 chofunika kwa kulumikiza mbali imene unathandizira pa kugwedera ndi mantha katundu.

mitundu ina

Pali zina, kupatula otchuka solders. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zitsulo osowa kapena ntchito zinthu zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, formulations faifi tambala-m'munsi anafuna mankhwala ntchito zinthu mkulu kutentha. Iwo solder kasakaniza wazitsulo dzimbiri zosagwira. Solders, zochokera golide kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi machubu kuyamwa. Pali solders zoyenera ndi magnesium.

Fomu kumasulidwa

Zida ndi nyimbo chifukwa brazing zilipo zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, kungakhale waya, ndi zojambulazo woonda, mapiritsi, ufa. Likupezeka monga solder phala kapena granules. Mawonekedwe zimatengera, monga solder lidzakhala lilipo mchaka cha m'dera ntchito.

zotayidwa brazing Features

Pawiri brazing mbali zotayidwa ntchito mafakitale ndi kunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, mafelemu njinga masiku ano zopangidwa aloyi zotayidwa - mu galimoto kwambiri, iwo sachedwa kutha. funso ili: wotani solder kusankha?

Akukhulupirira kuti soldering aluminiyamu - ndondomeko zovuta. Koma mu mfundo ndi choncho, ngati mu ndondomeko ya ntchito zipangizo dzimbiri kapena mkuwa, zitsulo, mkuwa. Chifukwa cha ichi - ndi okusayidi filimu. Kuti sapereka mlingo Napempha kwa wettability ndipo si kupasuka zitsulo m'munsi.

The soldering zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake

Kuti ntchito zidzachitike pa mlingo yake, solder kwa soldering aluminiyamu ayenera kukhala ndi pakachitsulo, zotayidwa, mkuwa, nthaka ndi siliva. Masiku ano, msika mungapeze nyimbo imene zigawo zonsezi mu kufanana osiyana.

Kusankha solder odalirika, n'kofunika kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi. The pazipita dzimbiri kukana ndi mphamvu mkulu adzakhala ndi pawiri chidachitika ndi solder, amene muli zambiri nthaka.

Komanso zotayidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala malata ndi maziko patsogolo. Koma m'pofunika bwino kukonzekera ntchito pamwamba, burashi kuyeretsa zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo ntchito fluxes yogwira. Koma akatswiri musati kulengeza ntchito zoterezi amafotokozera.

solder aliyense mkulu kutentha zotayidwa brazing. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri, amene amalola kupeza kugwirizana wodalirika - zotayidwa-pakachitsulo ndipo zotayidwa-mkuwa pakachitsulo.

Kodi solder mkuwa?

Monga tanena, n'zotheka ntchito ambiri nyimbo za. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati otsika kutentha otsika-kusungunuka ndipo brazing filler zitsulo. Wina ntchito nyimbo zochokera malata-kutsogolera, tini, siliva, mkuwa, siliva ndi nthaka.

Ngati mukufuna kukonza kompyuta mavabodi kapena kukonza TV mu dziko, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu aliyense fusible. Ngati m'pofunika solder zovekera pa mipope kapena kuikira kukonza firiji, ndiye okha ndi nkhani brazing kwa brazing mkuwa. Choncho n'zotheka kupeza zotsatira mkulu khalidwe.

zosapanga dzimbiri

Ngati mukufuna kuphatikiza mbali kuchokera zosapanga dzimbiri, akatswiri a kulengeza ntchito ndodo ya malata ndi patsogolo. zipangizo ndi cadmium komanso ndi loyenereradi. Mungagwiritse ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo fusible zochokera nthaka. Komabe, iwo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi mpweya kapena otsika-aloyi steels. Best solder kwa soldering ndi zitsulo zosapanga - zikuchokera zochokera malata koyera. Komanso yekha malata amaloledwa ngati malo soldering adzakhala kukhudzana ndi chakudya.

Ngati ntchito adzachitidwa mlengalenga youma kapena ng'anjo, ndiye kuti ntchito siliva manganese, faifi tambala-chromium kapena woyera solder mkuwa (ndipo makamaka kwambiri mkuwa). Pamene soldering n'zofunika mapangidwe zikuwononga, ntchito siliva tinoli mbali yaing'ono ya faifi tambala.

Pike zitsulo

Polumikiza mbali ziwiri si zovuta kwa wina ndi mzake. Angakwanitse ndipo imayenera solder kwa soldering wa zitsulo - POS 41. Palinso POS 60 ndi ena, ngakhale malata woyera ntchito. Koma nthaka nyimbo zoipa abwino. Makamaka pankhani zipangizo mpweya kapena otsika-aloyi.

Fluxes kwa brazing

Pa ntchito ya kamwazi n'chofunikira wamng'ono kuposa solder. Izi mankhwala zosungunulira absorber ndi oxides. Komanso amateteza zitsulo kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndipo ukuwonjezeka wetting.

Ntchito ndi zinthu pamaziko a otsogolera malata monga kamwazi ingagwiritsidwe acid amathiridwa, nthaka mankhwala enaake. Komanso abwino kubowola, mankhwala enaake ammonium. Izi fluxes yogwira. Pakuti anafooka monga rosin, odzola mafuta, mafuta, ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, njira acid amathiridwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi solders zofewa. mankhwala enaake nthaka ntchito ndi mkuwa, mkuwa, zitsulo. Amoniya, amagona mwangwiro alekanitsa ndi amasungunula wamafuta zinthu. Pakuti zotayidwa ntchito zikuchokera tung mafuta, rosin, calcined nthaka mankhwala enaake. Inu simungakhoze ntchito nsanganizo asidi phosphoric.

Kotero, ife tinapeza kodi solders, ndi amene bwino ntchito m'zochitika zosiyanasiyana.