Species ya akadzidzi: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera. Kumalo ozizira ndi woyera kadzidzi: texte

Akadzidzi - mbalame yosiyana ndi ena Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa awo ndi moyo. Iwo makamaka usiku, komanso kuona mu mdima. zikhadabu zakuthwa kuwalola kusaka pansi ndi kupha nkuyamba yomweyo. Kodi losiyanasiyana akadzidzi, ndipo kodi zizindikiro zawo zimasiyanitsa? Ichi ndi chomwe ife tiri tsopano ndipo ife kulankhula. Mwakucimbidza tisaiwale kuti pali za 220 mitundu, koma tiona chidwi kwambiri a iwo.

A pang'ono za maonekedwe a akadzidzi

Basi ayenera kunena mawu ochepa za kukula kwa mbalame. Membala zing'onozing'ono, zimene zoona, nalo dzina lake - pygmy kadzidzi. Kulemera birdies magalamu 50-80 chabe, ndi kutalika kwa zosaposa 20 masentimita. Koma kwambiri lalikulu kadzidzi - kadzidzi. Nthawi zambiri pali anthu kuti akafike zamitundu chidwi. Kutalika kwa 60-75 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 4. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za kukula, mitundu yonse ya akadzidzi ndi mutu waukulu ndi nthenga zazikulu, chifukwa cha zimene ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi lozungulira. Ndiyamika nthenga yake yeniyeni anapanga lathyathyathya nkhope litayamba. Large ndi wokongola maso - izi ndi zimene anakopeka zambiri zimadya izi. Iwo mwana wa diso angathe kugwila otaya yaikulu ya kuwala mwamphamvu otsika, amene amalola kuti mwangwiro kuona ndipo amaona nyama zawo usiku.

Makutu akadzidzi mwachizolowezi, opanda chipolopolo akunja. Mwachitsanzo, "opindika m'makona kadzidzi" ali mitolo zina tcheru cholembera zomwe kusintha atagwira phokoso mwachindunji khutu. Chifukwa makonzedwe a asymmetric, chilombo molondola amapeza gwero la phokoso, ndi kulola inu mwamsanga kuyenda. M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti kumva kwa kadzidzi n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa masomphenya, ndipo ndicho kwenikweni limba, chifukwa popanda, mbalame chabe sadzatha kusaka. Yoteroyo mu mitundu yonse ya akadzidzi amphamvu kwambiri ndi zikhadabu zakuthwa kuti akhoza yomweyo kupha nyama yake.

Species ya akadzidzi: kufotokoza mwachidule

Tiyeni tione magulu angapo a anthu ogwirira, ndiwo ambiri limaonetseratu ndi chidwi. Ife tiyambira ndi Tawny Kadzidzi. Amenewa ndi usiku kadzidzi, Gourmet, amene amakonda kuona yekha mbewa pa menyu. Koma ngati zolimba kwambiri ndi kupanga, akhoza udzasokonezedwa ndi maunda, amene sadalambira koma anasiya chisa, kapena mbalame lapansi. Anakumana mtundu uwu ku Ulaya, koma nthawi zambiri mu Spain, Greece ndi zina zotero. N. Kale izo ankaganiza kuti iwo amakhalanso Siberia, koma Kafukufuku kupereka zotsatira. Utali wa toyesa lalikulu angafikire theka mita wingspan wa mita imodzi.

Ural kadzidzi - kadzidzi, amene ankaona waukulu wa onse odziŵika lerolino Kadzidzi. Kutalika kwa mwamuna wamkulu 70 masentimita ndipo ali wingspan wa masentimita 120 kungakhale. Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina zonse kadzidzi, ndiye pali alibiretu kusiyana pakati pa anthu a kugonana osiyana. Mwachindunji, mtundu kawirikawiri si kupha mbewa. Iwo akhoza kusaka hares, grouse kapena akalulu. Analiponso milandu herons kugunda ndi Ural Kadzidzi, mwamwayi, nthumwi onse anapulumuka.

Cave kadzidzi ndi wofala America. Nest iye Rips mu nthaka, kawirikawiri m'chipululu, mapiri. Nthawi zambiri izo zisa kamakumba una ena, monga Nyama Zodya Chiswe ndi armadillos. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti kadzidzi ndi nyama zina zikhoza kukhala ndi moyo ndithu mwamtendere dzenje lomwelo. Chitsimikizo cha uyu wagwidwa mobwerezabwereza umboni.

Kadzidzi kadzidzi kuleza opindika m'makona

"Mfumu ya usiku" - kuti ndi dzina la mmodzi wa oimira waukulu wa kadzidzi banja. Kutalika kwa chimphona thupi zina ukufika 78 masentimita, ndi wingspan wa theka mita. Zimachitika pafupifupi maiko onse a World Old. Ngakhale malo lonse, "mfumu ya usiku" sitinganene kuti wamba Ndipotu si monga wamba. Mu nkhalango Russia kadzidzi ndi chosowa kwambiri, ngakhale anabweretsa Red Book. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mdani uyu nkomwe umayenda, amaugwira malo chisa chaka ndi chaka. Pankhani kusaka Kufunafuna awo kadzidzi chakudya mwini yekha akutuluka usiku. Ang'ono ndi lalikulu inakhala akhale chuma. Kumene, mbewa amakonda mitundu yonse ya akadzidzi, komanso akuluakulu a mphaka, chotero iwo kadzidzi amalipira chidwi kwambiri.

Mantchichi - ndi mini-buku la kadzidzi ndi. chilombo Izi ndi zosiyana kuchokera pamwamba kuti ali ndi thupi woonda ndi amazipanga otukuka makutu. mitolo zina nthenga chimachititsa kadzidzi mphekesera pang'ono bwino. Tikumbukenso kuti yeniyeni ya mbalame waona mitundu ina ndi penapake bwino. Ngati kadzidzi ndi sangakhoze kuima anthu ena mapiko, kadzidzi kuleza opindika m'makona sayambitsa zikusokoneza amenewa. Si monga mwamakani, ndi zambiri sociable. Nthawi zina mukhoza kuona mmene opindika m'makona akadzidzi kusonkhanitsa anthu 20 kapena kuposa mtengo womwewo. Choncho tsonga usiku ndi ziweto zonse kupita kukasaka.

White Kadzidzi: mbalame ndi osowa ndi wokongola kwambiri

Akuluakulu kufika 71 masentimita m'litali, ndi mmene wingspan kuposa mamita theka. Mtundu zimadalira m'badwo. Wamng'ono munthu, m'pamenenso bulauni mawanga onse pa thupi. Pafupi ndi mbalame akale akhoza kukhala achisanu ndithu. Mwatsoka, anthu amenewa ndi osowa ndipo ambiri zaka kutsatira pansi naturalists kumalo ozizira akadzidzi ankakhala. Achisanu Kadzidzi wakonda payekha, ndipo mwamunayo sankakhulupirira mnzake zifukwa zanzeru. Chifukwa cha chilombo ichi amakonda backcountry, kumene umakhala moyo wake. Ndi ambiri mwa Titafika pamalo ndipo ndi pamaso pa ulemerero, makamaka ngati ndi lalikulu "wanzeru" nthumwi kuti pafupifupi palibe mawanga bulauni. kuukira umboni pa nyama, zomwe anawomberedwa msaki. Koma nthawi zambiri izi kadzidzi nthumwi khalidwe mosamala kwambiri ndi kuyesa sangagwelenso pa maso munthu. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri zokhudza chilombo izi.

malo

Ndipotu, kadzidzi woyera, chithunzi kuti kulota kuti ofufuza kwambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa, amakhala m'mayiko ambiri ndi malo. Choyamba, izo, ndithudi, Titafika pamalo, komabe, mbalame kuwuluka ndi pang'ono kumpoto. Apaulendo ulendo wawo ku North Pole nthawi zonse anakumana chilombo izi, kotero izo ndi zovuta kuuza kumene itha malo achisanu Kadzidzi. Shpitsbergera gombe, makamaka kumpoto-kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera, komanso litadzala ndi anthu awa, koma zedi yaing'ono. Nthawi zina n'zotheka kusunga akadzidzi awa ndi kufupi ndi kugombe la Novosibirsk. Koma Titafika pamalo, ndiye m'gawo lake lonse, kumachitika kwambiri kapena zochepa wogawana. Koma mukhoza kupeza nthawi zonse zina kuti: lemmings zambiri, ndiwo chakudya chachikulu m'deralo, ndi akadzidzi zambiri kumalo ozizira, ndi mosemphanitsa. Mfundo za kadzidzi achisanu, chithunzi chimene ayenera-onani, si choncho osowa, koma popeza kuti si zachilendo m'madera ozizira a dzikoli, anthu akukumana osati kwambiri ndi izo.

Kubalana akadzidzi kumalo ozizira

Tikhoza kunena kuti chifukwa chachikulu ndi imfa mkulu wa akadzidzi ndi njala. Akadzidzi amadalira kwambiri pa anthu rodent. Mu chaka zoipa izo akanaphedwa kuti 30-60% ya anthu achichepere. Ngati makoswe zazing'ono angapo, ndi anthu akadzidzi ali kwambiri. Mwamwayi, mtundu izi siziri choncho amadalira kwambiri pa izo, ndiye m'malo lalikulu ntchito za munthu amene amapha mbalame. Akadzidzi kawetedwe kamodzi pachaka padziko m'ma May. Kuika wamkazi amawaumbatira kwa masiku 30-34. Nthawi zina chiwerengero cha mazira mpaka mayunitsi 11, koma mbalame pafupifupi niikira 4-6. Ntchito ya mwamuna kupanga chakudya kwa mkazi, kenako ana. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti aphedwe wamkazi ndi wamwamuna zikhalire ndi zowalamulira akupitiriza. Mwa njira, ngakhale kuti kadzidzi - mbalame anthu nyama ndi lalikulu zambiri kufa, mwachitsanzo, akatemera a alenje kapena njala, awiri awo, iwo amasankha kamodzi mu moyo. Izi akugwira ntchito osati akadzidzi kumalo ozizira, komanso mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame mu gulu ili.

NKHANI nthenga ndi khalidwe

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mtundu wa akadzidzi izi mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi msinkhu. Juveniles akuda kwathunthu, ndi zofiirira mawanga lonse thupi, pamene zaka pafupifupi mbalame utoto mawanga kotenga pa mutu ndi mtanda pa thupi. Koma chidwi kwambiri ofufuza ndi a makamaka achikulire. Ngati mungapeze kadzidzi akale kwambiri, zikuoneka kuti adzakhala woyera, popanda yamawangamawanga iliyonse. Koma ngati kadzidzi - mbalame yolusa, sikuti mogwirizana ndi ukalamba, choncho kuchititsa chidwi zilakolako zoipa kwa anthu opha nyama, amene ali wokonzeka kuwombera mbalame kupindula nako. Nzosadabwitsa ogwirira izi moyo wake kuyesetsa kupewa anthu. Koma izo zimachitika kuti munthu ali pafupi kwambiri, mu nkhani iyi, achisanu kadzidzi Ponamizira kukhala anavulala kapena ngakhale akufa. Koma ngati kuopseza si sachedwa kutha kukacha ndi ntchentche. Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti woyera kadzidzi - mbalame kuti, poyamba pa zonse, zivute zitani kuyesera ana awo, nthawi zonse kumuteteza. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, aamuna amateteza wamkazi, kuonera pa phiri, ndi pa chiwopsezo pang'ono zimapangitsa kulira kwake kwa Alamu.

Zosangalatsa za akadzidzi kumalo ozizira

Gulu la anthu ogwirira losiyana kuti iwo kupita pa kukasaka osati usiku ndi madzulo, koma pa tsiku dzuwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika masana, pamene kadzidzi makamaka njala. Musanayambe kusaka, mbalame ntchentche pamwamba pa phiri kapena phiri, kumene ndi oyang'anira kwa nthawi yaitali. Popeza achisanu kadzidzi - kusaka mbalame pa ziwembu ochepa a dziko, mu tsiku mukhoza asataye. Kumene, nthawi zina kwambiri anakumana akatswiri akadzidzi simungapeze mkati osiyanasiyana kwa mbalame. Anthu ambiri akuopa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti vuto mwachindunji iwo inadza kawirikawiri, chifukwa anthu osauka malo awo. Mwina amenewa akusonyeza bwino anayamba nzeru zachibadwa kwa zitetezeke. Tikumbukenso kuti achisanu kadzidzi - mbalame amatha kubweza ogwirira tsiku monga chiombankhanga kapena mphungu. Mu nyama zikuluzikulu iwo kawirikawiri kuukira, koma pa chisa ndi sovyatami aang'ono kaŵirikaŵiri modabwa.

mbali lodziwika

Ambiri ofufuza padziko lonse pang'onopang'ono kubwera kuganiza kuti banja la akadzidzi - phwando palokha. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi mbali anatomical, ambiri amene alibe kanthu kochita ndi kungofuna masana. Komabe, ayenera kumvetsa kuti magulu osiyanasiyana a akadzidzi zina ndi kanthu kochita ndi mzake kupatula thunthu. Ena kusaka usiku, ndipo ena makamaka masana. Mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi ali kukula chidwi ndi pygmy kadzidzi ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa iye. Ngati Mphamba akadzidzi ndi kufanana ndi hawks, kadzidzi ndi kuleza opindika m'makona - ndi kadzidzi, yemweyo akadzidzi kumalo ozizira tinganene kuti ena mbalame njira yapadera Komabe, chifukwa kuti zisa pafupi ogwirira awa zambiri kuthetsa abakha ndi waterfowl ena. Ndipo iwo kukhala mwamtendere pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kadzidzi sadzamva kusaka pafupi yomweyo zisa zawo, mosiyana adani. Ngakhale kuti nthawi njala kuponya ndi zimenezi. Mulimonsemo muyenera kamodzi kuona mmene kupeza kadzidzi chakudya. Photos, mbalame zomwe amapha, pali zambiri, koma ncho pogwira ntchito molimbika.

Pomaliza

Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi maphunziro osiyanasiyana, chotero masiku ano tili zambiri za ogwirira izi. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti kadzidzi - mbalame usiku, iye sanaone mdima kwathunthu, komanso anthu. Choncho, ngati mungathe kuyika chilombo mu chipinda cha mdima, mmene si poyera kuti kuwala kwa kuunika, ndi kuthamangira rodent, izo kudyedwa kokha pamene zimatulutsa rustle kapena phokoso. Koma zinthu zobwera kupeza chakudya, kwambiri, mphamvu, chifukwa ndi mbalame nkhalango. Kadzidzi mwachuluka chilombo wangwiro.

Nthawi zina ngakhale pakati pa achibale, mikangano zimachitika. Pankhaniyi, usiku kadzidzi amasankha zosiyanasiyana njira chitetezo, kuyesera kuwopsyeza khola kadzidzi, koma kuchokera kadzidzi kapena nyama zina zikuluzikulu amadzibisa, nthawi zambiri ananamizira mu nthambi za mitengo. Ndi chidwi kuti kadzidzi akhoza kumva mwangwiro, ngakhale pamene chakuwuluka. Chofunika - wovulalayo waphedwa ndi Mwina 99%, kotero ife tikhoza kunena kuti kadzidzi ndi kawirikawiri kolakwika.

Chabwino, mwina ndizo zonse zimene tinganene za amene kadzidzi izi. Kufotokozera mbalame zingasiyane malingana ndi mtundu wake. Koma zonse ndi ogwirira zakupha chakupha. Chete ndege, maso zokongola ndi makutu, ndi zikhadabu zakuthwa okha anamvera. Zovuta kunena, zothandiza kapena zoipa akadzidzi. mbalame zazing'onozing'ono ankasakidwa okha makoswe, amene zimawononga minda, akuluakulu akhoza kupha abakha ndi akalulu, komanso akalulu, kwa moyo wa ulimi.