Cathedral ya Chartres - imodzi mwa zolengedwa zazikulu za anthu

Kumwera kumpoto kwa France, makilomita 90 kuchokera ku Paris, ndi tawuni yaing'ono ya ku France ya Chartres. Ndi pano kuti imodzi mwa nyumba zolemekezeka ndi Chartres Cathedral. Malo ake amawoneka opatulika ndipo ali ndi mbiri yakale. Kukula kwa mzinda wa Chartres kunayamba kuzungulira zaka za zana loyamba AD. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mpingo woyamba wa Katolika unamangidwa pano. Patangotha nthawi yochepa mumzindawu, panaonekera chiyero chopatulika - chophimba cha Amayi a Mulungu, chomwe poyamba chinali ndi Mfumu ya France, Carl Lisboi.

Pambuyo pa moto wochuluka mumzindawu, mfumuyi inapereka chithunzi ichi kwa tchalitchi chachikulu, ndikuyembekeza kuti izi zidzabweretsa phindu lina mwa mphamvu yake yozizwitsa. Zolemba zakale zimatsimikizira kuti kulipo kwa mphamvuyi ku chivundikiro cha Virgin Maria, malinga ndi iwo, chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa zinachitika mu 911 pamene asilikali a ku Normans anazingidwa ndi mzindawo. Powona zovuta, bishopu wa Chartres anapachika chophimba chopatulika pa khoma la mzinda, kupempha thandizo kwa Namwali Maria woyera. Anthu a ku Normans, ngakhale kuti anali ndi ziŵerengero zambiri, anathawa.

Chozizwitsa chachiwiri chidawonetsedwa mu 1194, pamene tchalitchi chachikulu cha Chartres, komwe chivundikirocho chili, chinatenthedwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Kokha kope komwe malo opatulika analipo, mwanjira ina sanavutike konse. Pamalo a tchalitchi chachikulu chomwe adawonongedwa chatsopano chinamangidwa - Notre-Dame de Chartres. Pamaso pa Mfumu Louis IX mu 1260, kupatulidwa kwa dongosolo latsopanoli kunachitika. Inali tchalitchi chachikulu choyamba ku France, chitetezo cha Namwali Maria. Iye sanatayike ukulu wake mpaka lero.

Tchalitchi chachikulucho ndi zomangira zomangidwa ndi mchenga wolimba, womwe mamita ake amakhala mamita atatu m'litali ndi mamita mu msinkhu. Mtsinje wa Chartres uli ndi gawo la mamita 130 m'litali. Chophimba chachikulu cha nave chiri pamwamba mamita 36. Pakhomo lakumadzulo muli zifaniziro zoyera za chipale chofewa za mafumu ndi akazi, omwe akulamulira kale mumzinda uno. Chidwi chachikulu cha alendo amapezeka ndi mawindo anayi omwe ali pamwamba pa khomo lakumadzulo. Zimakongoletsedwa ndi mawindo okongola kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zithunzi ndi mitundu yoyera.

M'katikati mwa tchalitchichi mumakhalanso ndi magalasi olemera. Pali mazenera okwana 146 omwe amawonetsera ziwerengero zazikulu ndi 1359 - ndi nkhani zochepa zochokera kuzipangano za Baibulo, kuchokera ku moyo wa mafumu, amisiri. Pamabwalo akuluakulu a tchalitchi chachikulu mumakhala mawindo akuluakulu.

Mtsinje wa Chartres uli ndi nsanja ziwiri. Nyumba yosanja ya kumpoto yokhala ndi spire mu kalembedwe ka Gothic inamangidwa mu 1135. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 114. South - yomangidwanso mu 1195. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 116. Ikuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsanja zokongola kwambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa zapamwambazi, tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi nyumba zokwana 10,000 zomwe zimakongoletsa kunja ndi mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Mtengo winanso, womwe ndi Katolika wa Chartres, ndi guwa la mtengo, lokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zojambula pamitu ya Baibulo. Amadziwika kuchokera m'mbiri yakale kuti kupanga guwa lansembe kunatha zaka zopitirira mazana awiri. Mpaka zaka za zana la 18, ku tchalitchi, kuwonjezera pa chivundikirocho, chimodzimodzi chinasungidwa - mutu wa Amayi a Mulungu, Saint Anna. Ndiponso chojambula cha Namwali Maria ali ndi mwana pansi pa mtima wake. Zolemba izi zinali zopatulika. Iwo anatentha pamoto.

Kuphatikizanso apo, tchalitchichi chimakhalabe ndi chilembo cha chi Hebri chophatikizidwa, mothandizidwa ndi ndemanga za chipembedzo zomwe zinalembedwa. Zizindikiro zoterezi zikhoza kuoneka m'makona ambiri a tchalitchi chachikulu.

M'chilankhulo, Chartres (France) ndi malo omwe alendo oyendera dziko lino amayendera. Ndipotu, tchalitchichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, Gothic ndi Christian chikhalidwe. Ndilo kapangidwe kamene kakuyerekeza ndi encyclopedia.