Stanislav Shushkevich - wasayansi bwino ndi wandale

Stanislav Shushkevich (15 December 1934) ndi Chibelarusi wasayansi ndi ndale. Kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 1994 anali wapampando wa Bungwe la Supreme wa Republic of Belarus. Ndi wodziwika monga nthumwi ya Belarus, anasaina Bialowieza pangano kukhazikitsa CIS.

Origin ndi zaka kuphunzira

Kodi anayamba ulendo moyo wake Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich? yonena wake wayamba mu Minsk banja Chibelarusi-Chipolishi. mayi wake Helena Razumovsky anali womasulira ndi wolemba, zinatuluka m'manyuzipepala Polish, kutuluka mu 20-30-ntchentche mu Belarus, atate wake - Chibelarusi ndakatulo ndi wolemba. zaka zitatu pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wake, iye anamangidwa ndipo anatumikira nthawi m'migodi Kuzbass linatuluka yekha mu 1946. Kunyumba, adayamba kuphunzitsa pa sukulu akumidzi. Koma malinga ndi miyambo ya amaona a ndende Stalinist anamangidwanso kachiwiri mu 1949 ndi kutumizidwa ku Krasnoyarsk Gawo. Potsiriza iye anabwerera ku Belarus mu 1956.

Ndi zodabwitsa, koma manyazi a "mdani wa mwana anthu" limene asokoneza (ngakhale wosweka), miyoyo ya achinyamata ambiri Stanislav Shushkevich, zikuoneka, anali ndekuti tsoka lake. Mu 1951 iye sukulu mu chaka chomwecho analandira sayansi yapamwamba ndi masamu pa Chibelarusi State University (BSU), chaka kumasulidwa itha wa bambo ake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anakhala maphunziro wophunzira pa Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences ya Byelorussian SSR.

ntchito oyambirira mu nyengo ya Soviet

Osati kale atagwira ntchito "meneesom" mu anayambitsa anu, Stanislav Shushkevich amapita ku injiniya CSC mkulu wa Minsk Radio Works. Ngakhale fakitale chinkhoswe mu chitukuko ndi kupanga zipangizo zofufuza thupi. Popeza nthawi ili anasimba yanthaŵi chidwi, amene mosavuta anati yekha Stanislav Shushkevich. Wambiri anam'bweretsera mwachidule palibenso wina, koma ndi tsogolo wakupha boma la Pulezidenti Kennedy Lee Harvi Osvaldom.

chakuti iye anafika mu 1959 mu USSR odzaona malo ndipo ananena kuti ankafunitsitsa ake akhale Soviet Union. Atakana anakana iye kudzipha. Iye anapita kukakumana ndi kudziwa malo okhala Minsk ndi kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito ku fakitale wailesi. Shushkevich komanso ankalankhula Chingelezi, woyang'anira zinthu ndi American chinenero, Russian. Mu Maulendo Ake, Oswald sanapange kuganiza kwambiri, anayang'ana waulesi ndi osayanjanitsika, ndi makaniko anali mediocre. Komabe, sanaleke iye kuti mu Minsk wamng'ono mkazi, amene posakhalitsa anabwereranso ku States.

ntchito Scientific mu USSR

Mu 1961, Stanislav Shushkevich anabwerera ku Chibelarusi University State, kumene kwa zaka zisanu amapatsirana injiniya mkulu mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya zasayansi sayansi. Mu 1967 anaikidwa wachiwiri-rector ntchito sayansi ya Minsk Radio Engineering Institute. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Shushkevich, pa nthawi ya kuikidwa atsopano, iye anali sanali olimbanawo. Zimenezi ndi zovuta akagwire ntchito pa malo atsopano, popeza zochita zonse zofunika anatengedwa pa komiti chipani anayambitsa popanda sachita. Kutembenukira ku City Committee Party, Shushkevich akufuna kupeza njira yothetsera vutoli. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi yomweyo anatenga Party Communist, amene kunapangitsa kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito popanda mavuto.

Popeza 1967, zaka ziwiri ntchito ku Institute for Science wotsatila Rector.

Mu 1969, Stanislav Shushkevich anabwerera ku yunivesite boma, kumene kwa zaka 7 pamene pulofesa ndi mutu wa dipatimenti ya sayansi ya nyukiliya. Kuyambira mu 1986, iye wakhala wotsatila Rector a University State wa Science.

Yambani politkarery

Lisanayambe Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich anali wotchuka Chibelarusi wasayansi, membala wa pakati, ndi Chibelarusi Academy of Sciences, woyambitsa monographs angapo ndipo nkhani zoposa 150 ndipo zoyambitsidwa 50 anali mphoto zosiyanasiyana boma.

Mu 1990 iye wasankha wachiwiri wapampando Choyamba Council Wamkulukulu wa Belarus. Pambuyo ankafuna kulanda boma ku Soviet Union mu August 1991 iye anafunsa convening ya zokambirana zapadera yamalamulo, koma anakanidwa ndi wapampando ake Nikolaya Dementeya.

Pambuyo chigonjetso Borisa Eltsina pa August 26 kulanda boma ndipo anasankhidwa. za. Wapampando wa nyumba yamalamulo, ndi pa 31 August anakhala tcheyamani ake. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake, iye anathandiza kukonza malangizo a msika chuma ufulu.

Bialowieza mgwirizano

Malinga ndi Maulendo Shushkevich, iye zazvat kale pakati zosangalatsa Boris Yeltsin ndi a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU mu Bialowieza Forest mu December 1991 osati ndi cholinga kuti awononge Soviet Union, ndipo pofuna kukhazikitsa njira tsogolo ubale zachuma pakati Belarus ndi Russia popanda nawo boma, omwe ankaganiza Shushkevich m'tsogolo ngati mwangwiro kukongoletsa, chinachake chonga chitaganya lotayirira. lingaliro kuitana kwa chomwecho, ndi Leonid Kravchuk chinabuka, harmonization kufika Yeltsin a.

Ndipo anadza kwa nkhalango atsogoleri atatu mwa mayiko Asilavo anthu anthu fraternal amene muzu wamba. Malinga Shushkevich, mapangano pa kukhazikitsidwa ubale zachuma pakati pa mayiko atatu akwaniritsa, koma m'mphepete linali funso ngati inu tisankhe pangano ku USSR Pulezidenti Gorbachev. Onse atatu kwambiri sanafune kuti achite zimenezo, koma kupereka ndi lotseguka kusiya palibe amene ankalimba mtima wamphumphu panganoli. Mu udindo wa masomphenya ndi amalankhula fateful mawu kwa ife tonse pa kuzindikira Soviet Union unatha, iye anapanga pafupifupi Yeltsin Gennady Burbulis. Shushkevich limanena kuti panthawiyo anali "Burbulis mwamphamvu nsanje".

December 8, Stanislav Shushkevich anasaina pamodzi ndi Borisom Eltsinym ndi Leonid Kravchuk, chikalata chimene Soviet Union unatha ndipo lidzasinthidwa wa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Kutha kwa ntchito

Komanso ntchito ndale za ngwazi athu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi njira ya Leonid Kravchuk. Atanganidwa kwakukulu kusintha msika anayambitsa kufufuma awo lamkunkhuniza, depreciation ndalama ndalama za Belarusians - ichi onse otsutsana naye wathanzi, comprador mphamvu zandale, zomwe mu 1994 anakakamizika kusiya Shushkevich. Wayesa mu chaka chomwecho kukalembetsa mu mbiri monga pulezidenti woyamba wa Belarus (Stanislav Shushkevich), kutenga nawo mbali pa chisankho cha Pulezident, koma yagoletsa 10 okha% ya mavoti onse. Aluntha Belarusians osankhidwa pulezidenti Alexander Lukashenko, pansi amene utsogoleri dziko kuyambira 1995, ali chabe GDP kukula (umodzi wokha wa mayiko onse positi-Soviet).

Kuyambira pamenepo, zaka zoposa 20 Stanislav Shushkevich umatsutsana ndi akuluakulu Chibelarusi. Iwo ali ndi mtundu kwambiri, pamene malo ovomereza-Western, amakhala kuti m'ma 18 Belarus linali dera Russian ndi kuti panopa m'dziko lawo chosangalatsa pa "ulamuliro wa Hitler".