State Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum, St. Petersburg

State Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum ili ku likulu la kumpoto kwa Russia - mzinda wa ulemerero wa St. Petersburg. Izi si chionetsero katundu chikhalidwe cha mfundo ziwiri kwambiri za padziko lapansi, ndi nkhani yonse, amene amasimba za kafukufuku wa M'madera a zitunda izi, anthu amene atsegula ambiri zatsopano dziko za njira yovuta, ndi Zopatsa chodabwitsa. Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum - ndi magetsi kumpoto, zimbalangondo zoyera, walruses ndi anyani, ichi ndi gudumu la ayezi kulowerera mpainiya komanso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

History owonetsera zakale

Kumayambiriro a 1937 kwa anthu Soviet adapeza modabwitsa chidwi chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro malo - Museum ya Arctic ndi Antarctic. Mukhoza kuno munthawi yawo ndi kuyenda pansi pa madzi chamutu dziko la chisanu zachilendo kumalo ozizira ndi namkholowa chiphona. Alendo chayamba okonzeka kumadutsa akumaona zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi zisudzo thematic.

Lingaliro la kulenga amenewa chionetsero anayambitsa kumbuyo mu 1920 pamene ofufuza anayamba mwakhama kufufuza akutali expanses kumpoto. Ofufuza ndi asayansi anapempha boma kukhazikitsa owonetsera zakale wapadera, akuchita momaliziratu. Akuluakulu anatenga zaka khumi kusankha. Only mu 1930 chimango cha kulengedwa kwa Onse-Union Institute Arctic anayamba ntchito Museum ya Arctic ndi Antarctic.

Ndi ili mu malo a St. Nicholas Church anamangidwa ndi wamanga Melnikov, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. nyumbayo ankamangidwanso kangapo ndi monga yabwino monga zotheka zisudzo. Tinathandiza kumanga m'nyumbayi ndi ofufuza odziwa, m'moyo wawo ndiponso ukatswiri zathandiza kuti malo awa wodalirika kwenikweni kwa dzikoli ndi kunyada kwa nzika.

Location

Lero, m'nyumbayi chapeza kutchuka osati mwa muno, komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Apa pakubwera kwambiri alendo amene amasangalala kuyenda tambirimbiri ndipo maholo, zithunzi za zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zachilendo. Alendo kupeza fanolo zovuta, chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri sichinasinthe adiresi. Museum ya Arctic ndi Antarctic, komanso pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, lili pa mphambano ya Forge Lane ndi m'misewu ya Marat. kwambiri kuti pali Nevsky Chiyembekezo, chikumbukiro lathyathyathya Fodora Dostoevskogo ndi Moscow pasiteshoni ya sitima. Ichi ndi malo kwa inu ngati inu ku likulu kumpoto kwa Russia tikufuna tione chinachake choyambirira kwambiri pokoka mpweya woona "mzimu wa St. Petersburg."

Popeza nyumbayi ili mu nyumba imodzi ya zaka St. Nicholas Church, zimenezo lodzala ndi mzimu wa chipembedzo: zomangamanga, yokongola, dongosolo. Ndipo wokongola kokha chizindikiro pakhomo akuti si kachisi koma danga yakale anthu. Ambiri amakonda masitepe lonse kuti ukutsika mu lalikulu kuchokera pamwamba pa stylobate lapansi. Pamene zilolezo nyengo, iwo anakhala pansi alendo ndi chikondi wamba tikomane muno madzulo.

mitengo tikiti ndi ndondomeko yake

Kulowa mu dziko achisanu wa dera Arctic, m'pofunika athandizira foloko pang'ono. Museum ya Arctic ndi Antarctic, mtengo wa pakhomo limene ndi demokalase zokwanira, amapereka zosiyanasiyana zochitika alendo ake. Wamkulu zosangalatsa ndalama 230 rubles. Koma kwa ana ndi akuluakulu anapereka kuchotsera zabwino, iwo kulipira katatu zochepa - rubles 70 zokha. Kwa ana, sanayambebe kupita kusukulu, mabanja akuluakulu ndi olumala chikuonetseratu ufulu. Komanso, aliyense Lachinayi lachitatu la mwezi ndi ufulu, popanda amalipiritsa kulowa, m'nyumbayi akutsegula zitseko zake ophunzira.

Kwa nthawi tikiti kubwera kuti munthu pazipita 17,30. Kenako bokosi ofesi zidzatsekedwa. M'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka kwa Lachiwiri kwa Loweruka pa 10 m'mawa mpaka 18 koloko usiku. Pa Lamlungu, atseka ola kale, kotero ndandanda likupita ndalama - ndi lotseguka mpaka 16,30. Lolemba - kutsekedwa.

M'nyumbayi ndi wokongola kwambiri pamaso pa chaka chatsopano komanso. Chaka chilichonse ndi kuunikiridwa ziwembu themed: mwachitsanzo, zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa lalikulu ndi zithunzi za zimbalangondo. Koma chochitika chodabwitsa kwambiri chinachitika mu 2005, inapatulidwa ndi chikumbutso 75th cha nyumbayi. Ndiye nyumbayo chokongoletsedwa ndi anyani yaikulu, zopangidwa papier-mache.

"Kumpoto Way"

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zisudzo atatu thematic pano, amene akuuza alendo Mbiri ya kafukufuku chidziwitso pa nsonga ya Dziko Lapansi. Photos ndi masanjidwe zoyenera osati Russian komanso yachilendo ulendo, amene anali kwambiri. "Kumpoto Way" akufotokoza nkhani za kafukufuku kumalo ozizira, nkhani osaka Arctic navigation. Apa mutha kuona mawonekedwe a okwerera ndi kiosks, zovala weniweni, zida za sayansi ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

"Yosangalatsa" wa gawo ili chionetserocho kale kukhala chiwongolero ndi maginito kampasi "Ermak" - yoyamba Arctic ayezi kulowerera. Tidawalenga chombo mu 1988, malinga ndi zojambula, wotsatila asilikali Makarov. A malo apadera pambali ndi Chelyuskinskoy ntchito pamene oyendetsa za anachotsedwa mu yobwerera floes ayezi kwa anthu Chukchi. oyendetsa awa anali ngwazi loyamba la Soviet Union. Komanso chidwi ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zosonyeza mbiri ya Trans-ndege "Moscow-North Pole-Seattle", umene unali zoyamba za mtundu wake. Korona ndi kamangidwe wa dipatimenti chionetsero cha Aurora, kusonyeza chikhalidwe ndi kukongola kwa chodabwitsa zachilengedwezi.

"Arctic"

Wina chionetsero, amene zoyenera chikhalidwe cha gawo ili la dziko, ndi zochititsa chidwi ndi zomera zachilendo ndi zomera. Ngakhale ngati muli bwino nkhaniyi, sadzapitiriza kukhala opanda chidwi kwa masanjidwe anthu. St. Petersburg Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum (St. Petersburg) anasonkhana m'nyumba ya zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho rarest. Pakati pawo, malo chapakati atapatsidwa kwa gawo la dzikoli, omwe ndi mpumulo mapu magawo a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Izo analengedwa pa maziko a maphunziro Shokalski mapu amene anawakoka kumbuyo mu lakutali 1936.

Komanso pali amasonyeza nyama kuti zakhala zizindikiro za Arctic: ndi akuopsa kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo, walruses aulesi, zisindikizo mafuta, mfulu caribou ndi lemmings agile. "Rookery" - mmodzi wa zigawo ndi, wodzazidwa ndi nthumwi nthenga za mbali imeneyi ya Earth: akadzidzi kumalo ozizira, gulls pinki, guillemots ndi gagami. Komanso, pali dioramas za Titafika pamalo, kusonyeza kukongola kwake mu dzinja ndi chilimwe, komanso zosonyeza Khwalala ndi glacier Matochkin Shokalski.

"Antarctica"

Mu dzina ichi Atsegula chitseko cha alendo otsiriza, kukhudzana lachitatu. Amanenanso wodzipereka kwa nyama ndi zomera za kontinenti a dzina lomweli. Mafumu a chilengedwe pano ndi anyani anu onse ankakonda oseketsa ndi zosamveka. Iwo amakhala Antarctica komanso zinsomba, zinsomba umuna, zisindikizo ndi njovu zisindikizo. Mbalame dziko ukufanizidwa petrels, chisanu ndi Antarctic, komanso woyera plover ndi Cape nkhunda.

Mbali inanso chionetserocho khama kufufuza zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Mwa njira, Africa anatsegula Russian ofufuza Bellingshausen ndi Lazarev mu 1820. Komanso, iwo anali apainiya phazi pachilumba cha Peter Wamkulu ndi Alexander I dziko. Ndi wamphamvu ameneyu ndi watanthauzo ulendo ndi gawo odzipereka chionetserocho, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona Baibulo loyambirira la Buku la mapu za Zopatsa la Captain Bellingshausen mu Ocean Arctic. Izi deta ya mapu ndi matchati linatuluka mu 1831 makope ochepa. Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum limasonyezanso alendo zithunzi za nthawi imeneyo, pamene panali ulendo izi chodabwitsa. Mu zithunzi - osangalala kumalo ozizira, zomwe amanyadira za dziko lonse.

Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum: ndemanga mlendo

Anthu amene akhala pali zabwino kwambiri ndi ofunda kufotokoza zimene anaona. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti akuyang'ana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi Ndithu chidwi, koma ndi bwino kuti agwirizane ulendo wapadera. Inde, ndalama zambiri, koma mupeza mfundo yatsopano ndi pang'ono odziwika za zidutswa awa a dziko. Wolondolera odziwa adzatiuza kumangiriza nkhani, ndi malo awa sadzakhalanso ndi kutumikira limodzi okha ndi ayezi ndi Madzi oundana.

Yosangalatsa kwambiri adzakhala chibwana kwa ana asukulu. Iwo kulidziwa bwino madera, zamoyo ndi mbiri. Patapita nthawi atulukira yaikulu ya mayiko amenewa, kugonjetsa chafotokozedwa pano mu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ambiri ndi zitsanzo. Zomera ndi nyama zolengedwa, umunthu wotchuka, apainiya wa a panyanjawa, zida zimene ntchito, ndi nyumba imene ankakhala, atsegula dziko lonse - zosadziwika, kutali ndi chikondi, zosangalatsa ndiponso zabwino. Tengani tsiku kupita kukaona Arctic ndi Antarctic Museum ku St. Petersburg, ndipo inu bondo izo.