East African Plateau. Ali African Plateau East?

Plateau African East ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa "Horn la Africa" - pa Peninsula Chisomali, kum'mwera kwa mapiri ku Aitiopiya. Mpumulo wa m'dera lalikulu kwambiri kuligaŵa. Apa, wapamwamba nsonga phiri amaphatikizidwa ndi m'zigwa zakuya za Great Rift Valley. kayendedwe Crustal limodzi ndi zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri. Pafupifupi dera lonse mu zone subequatorial nyengo.

okwera East African: maphunziro mu XIX atumwi

Mbali anamuukitsa kwa Africa kwa zaka zambiri wakhala bwino kuphunzira. Ngakhale lomenyera makadi Kilimanjaro anachitira ndi mzake (m'ma II-III BC) Ptolemy. Umboni pa chipale anaphimba phiri m'kati pafupi panyanjawa equator ndi amalonda mu Ages Middle. Atsamunda kugawikana angaletsedwe mwadongosolo m'dera kafukufuku.

Poyamba mbali ya gawo, yomwe ndi pachimake apamwamba mu Africa, a Britain. Pali lomwe mu 1889 ku Britain Mfumukazi Victoria anapatsa Mfumu ya Germany Wilhelm II (mphwake), yaikulu matalala kuphulika mu Africa - Kilimanjaro. Mpaka 1918, ambiri anali mu Europe, amatchedwanso phirilo ake - "The pachimake wa Kaiser Wilhelm". osankhika asayansi aonetsa chidwi kuphunzira malowa pa zaka lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XIX, pamene anakwera Kibo German Hans Meyer. Kuyambira pamenepo, osati anaphwetsera otaya asayansi ndi alendo amene akufuna kuona mapiri akuluakulu nyanja wokongola, ngodya zachilendo zachilengedwe. Mu Tanzania, Kenya ndi zina limati African East kukhala zokopa alendo, amapanga ndalama.

Kapangidwe miyala ya Africa East

Mosiyana, Asia ndi America, mu gawo ili la dziko anawonjezera palibe zitunda za mapiri apangidwe, umene ukugwirizana ndi mbiri za miyala ndi kapangidwe ka kutumphuka dziko lapansi. Kwambiri kukwezeka pamwamba mlingo wa nyanja, unagawanika ndipo mafoni wagawo - African Plateau East. Kutalika kwa ambiri a gawo - kuchokera 500 mpaka 1500 mamita maziko wapangidwa crystalline wakale ndi miyala metamorphic, m'badwo wawo - .. zaka zoposa biliyoni 2. M'munsi ndi Precambrian nsanja mpukutu pramaterika Gondwana. Mu chivundikiro nyanja anapanga pamwamba. The Cenozoic nyengo apa panali mosinthana kwambiri ya matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi mu gawo lotsiriza la nyumba phiri panali zinthu zazikulu vuto zone ndi uplifts.

Kutalika Mtheradi wa okwera African East pa 1000 m. Dera lonse amakhala ndi ntchito yapamwamba zivomerezi, zivomezi, ntchito chiphala zimawonedwa ano. The utali wonse wa lofunika kwambiri mu dziko ya chisokonezo tectonic kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi 6000 Km. Zolakwa kubwera ku Near East Nyanja Yofiira. Mu Africa, iwo kuyamba ndi kumpoto chigwa Danakil ndipo itha kum'mwera pafupi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje. Zambezi.

malo Hrs

Mkulu m'Chigwa - African yachonde East - pa mapu chimakwirira dera lalikulu la Africa, umene uli kumpoto mitanda ya equator. Kumadzulo muli Congo beseni.

Kutalika kwa mapiri ku Aitiopiya ku Lake nyasa (kumpoto chakum'mwera) ndi 1750 Km. M'mphepete kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean gombe -1400 Km. M'dera m'mapiriŵa lili kum'mawa kwa mapiri Ruwenzori ndi Virunga zosiyanasiyana. Nsonga chapamwamba cones ndi pano limodzi ndi zolakwa kwambiri tectonic, zigwa. Mu am'derali chiyambi cha watersheds waukulu ndi Mitsinje ya Africa (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). m'gawo ali m'maboma osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi.

Features wa mpumulo malo achilengedwe

Nsonga yaikulu ya yachonde African East - akugwira ndi matalala mapiri:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m);
• Kenya (5199 m);
• Muyeso (4565 m);
• Elgon (4320 m).

Phiri lalitali kwambiri m'dzikoli - Kilimanjaro, izo lili Tanzania. anthu Local icho "White Mountain," "Nyumba ya Mulungu, wodziwika ndi ozizira." Kuŵala woyera chisanu ndi oundana a Kilimanjaro akalipo kwa mazana makilomita. Dome mapiri nthanthi ya nsonga zitatu izi: chapakati - Kibo (5696 m), kum'maŵa - Mawenzi (5149 m), Western - Shire (3962 m). East African Plateau ali nkhokwe yaikulu ya kumwa madzi. Yaikulu tectonic maganizo ali osaya (80 m) Nyanja Victoria beseni - waukulu ku South America ndi wachiwiri mwatsopano madzi posungira m'dera mu dziko. kutalika kwake pamwamba pa nyanja ndi 1134 mamita m'derali pali muli zina madzi -. Nyanja Tanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, Alps oundana.

mchere

Mu Africa Eastern, nyumba ndi galasi ndi pafupi pamwamba, zimveke kusaka, kufufuza ndi kupanga zitsulo ores, miyala yamtengo wapatali. Monga mbali ya zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mpumulo chimakhala chogwidwa osati miyala wamkulu. Pali achinyamata nyanja ndi dongosolo chiphala. Gawo la Chile, kumene okwera East Africa, wolemera mu magmatic, metamorphic, nyanja miyala, mchere. Mndandanda wa mchere yotengedwa:

• chitsulo, ndi malata ores;
• Wolemekezeka (golide), ndi zitsulo osowa;
• madipoziti diamondi:
• wapatali mwala tanzanite ;
• khala;
• fluorite.

The zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe okwera East African

m'munda kumtunda kwa nyengo zimakhudza yamphamvu ndi otentha misa mpweya kupanga nyengo - yonyowa ndi youma. M'tsinde mwa phiri, moyang'anizana ndi Indian Ocean, mpweya ndi kuposa otsetsereka kumadzulo. East African Plateau - ndi zigwa ndi zitunda zathyathyathya, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi udzu ndi mitengo. mbewu munda chimafikira kwa okwera 1800 mamita Chitsanzo zomera -. udzu, zitsamba, baobabs wosakwatiwa, ambulera mthethe ndi mitengo ina. Mu nyama ufumu wa Africa East chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ungulates zamiyendo Inayi, carnivores, madzi mbalame.

Mu udzu adzauka nyumba ya chiswe, Nthawi zambiri njoka, abuluzi ndi akamba. Kumpoto kwa Tanzania akutambasula lalikulu okwera mapiri dziko wotchuka Chigwa (Caldara) Ngorongoro awiri a 22 Km. Pa pansi - Nyanja Magadi, Savannah Biosphere Reserve a dzina lomweli. Mu gawo ili la Africa (kumadzulo kwa Chigwa cha Ngorongoro okwera) lili Olduvai Gorge, kumene zotsalira za anthu akale anapezeka amene ankakhala 2 miliyoni. Zaka zapitazo, mafupa a nyama kupha anthuwo, wosazindikira mwala nkhwangwa ndi scrapers.

Mapiri, ndi udzu wa Africa anakopeka ambiri a ku dziko lonse. The otaya yaikulu ndi kulowa nthawi kuchokera June kuti September. Phunziro ndi kusamala zosiyanasiyana lonse wa chilengedwe ecotourism bungwe mu mapiri African East analenga m'mapaki lalikulu dziko ndi nkhokwe.