Supersonic sitima chida zovuta "lubwe" P-700

Pa Cold nkhondo, ndi okonza wa USSR ndi United States chinali chiyambi cha ntchito pa chilengedwe cha sitima zankhondo zomwe zili mkulu-liwiro chida torpedoes ndi mivi wovuta. USSR kukula kugona ndi US zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa Soviet asilikali chida cruisers, zida za odana ndi ngalawa zoponya mabomba supersonic. Mu 1983, onyamula Naval zombo za USSR anatengera supersonic sitima chida P-700 zovuta "lubwe". Popeza 1969, kuyambira penipeni, ndipo mpaka lero zovuta kusintha ndipo sanali limodzi boma mayeso.

Kodi kulenga chida?

Chida P-700 "Granit" anayamba kupanga mu ukachenjede ya NGOs motsogozedwa V. N. Chelomeya. Mu 1984, iye m'malo Gerbertom Efremovym. Woyamba boma mayesero sitima chida P-700 zovuta "lubwe" zinakambidwa mu 1979.

Board yoyenda yokha kusankha dongosolo kuti amachita ulamuliro wa supersonic sitima mzinga, anasonkhana asayansi ndi akatswiri a Institute ku Central Research "Granit". Udindo ntchito ya chigawo chino anaikidwa V. V. Pavlov CEO.

Tikuyesa chitachitidwa ntchito nthandala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, sitima zapamadzi ndi cruiser "Kirov". Kuyambira 1983, ntchito yomanga itatha, ndi Naval zombo za USSR ali nazo ake kuipidwa ya P-700 "Granit". chithunzi pansipa ndi makamaka kapangidwe odana sitima chida.

Kodi wakhala akwaniritsa ndi okonza Union?

Pa ntchito pa chilengedwe cha supersonic sitima chida P-700 ntchito mfundo za mgwirizano wa umodzi wa zinthu zitatu:

• Magalimoto onyamula cholinga umboni.
• Sing'anga imene inachitikira anapanga zida.
• RCC.

Chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha zigawo zikuluzikulu deta ya zovuta limodzi adzapereka mwayi kwa Bulu la Soviet Union kupirira vuto nkhondo nyanja: kuononga mphamvu sitima ndi ndege chonyamulira magulu.

Kodi ngalawa zida lokhala latsopano?

Malinga ndi lamulo la Committee chapakati cha CPSU, pambuyo mayesero ndege bwino, umene unachitika mu November 1975, "lubwe" zovuta anali zida:

• "Antey" - sitima zankhondo zam'madzi nyukiliya.
• "Orlan" - katundu nyukiliya chida cruiser.
• "Merlin" - ndege katundu onyamula cruiser.
• "Asilikali a Soviet Union zombo Kuznetsov".
• Lolemera ndege onyamula cruiser.
• "Petr Veliky" - ndi cruiser lolemera.

Mtundu mmene TV kukula chida. M'kupita kwa nthawi, P-700 mivi ayenera m'malo kwambiri mosalekeza ndi yaying'ono mivi odana sitima ndi utali wozungulira zochepa. Ayenera m'malo anafotokozanso obsolescence awo luso.

unsembe Mwachangu

Kutsutsa kuopseza ndi ndege chonyamulira weniweni ndi Air US Navy Russian okonza asymmetric ndi yosafuna yothetsera anapezeka. Ikuchitika kuwerengetsera asonyeza kuti kasinthidwe aliyense wa Russian sitima zapamadzi zovuta "Granit" dziko ndi mtengo kwambiri kuposa US awo ndege zonyamulira. Pambuyo ntchito pa moyo wamakono nkhondo ndi otungira awo SIC "lubwe" phunziro bwino ndi kusamalira wokonzeka ntchito, ungatithandize kofunikira kwambiri mpaka 2020.

Kodi chida?

Roketi P-700 zovuta "lubwe" mankhwala ndi ndudu woboola pakati, mbali kutsogolo limene limapangidwa mpweya polowera ndi annular lopinda chamtanda empennage. Chigawo chapakati cha fuselage ali okonzeka ndi lalifupi phiko kukhala zikulilima mkulu. Pambuyo kukulozani chida phiko zinachitika. Chida kusinthidwa kwa nyanja ndi malo mpweya. Malinga ntchito ndi mwatsatanetsatane zinthu RCC angagwiritse ntchito njira yodutsamo osiyana. Ovuta "Granit" amachita ananyoza mfuti zilipo, ndi ntchito RCC yekha. Zikatero, mfundo: chimodzi kupelekedwa ndi P-700 - wina anakantha sitima mdani.

Pa zimene cholinga zochokera supersonic mivi wovuta?

Chitsanzo zovuta "lubwe" kuwononga mipherezero panyanja. Akatswiri a asilikali, kuti agwire kuwombera maofesi onshore ndi mabvuto. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti pamene inu pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndi cholinga gos (homing) RCC si ntchito. Zikatero, chida ndi yoyenda yokha mode imene homing mutu kutali. M'malo mwake, ntchito ya Zipangizo RCC amachita dongosolo inertial. Mbalame P-700 mkulu kwambiri yowotcha osiyanasiyana mipherezero lapadziko ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja (kuposa pa nyanja). Kuti thupilo zofunikira m'dziko la PRK sikutanthauza kuchepetsa kutalika yaing'ono. Ngakhale izi, ngati ntchito mivi sitima popanda yogwira gos - mtengo phunziro: zipolopolo zovuta "lubwe" ndi osatetezeka kwa chitetezo mdani mpweya.

Kodi chiyambi?

Chisonyezo sitima chida P-700 "lubwe" chimachokera kutayidwa pamodzi olamulira chapakati cha turbojet KR-21-300. Pa kumbuyo kwa chida ndi chipika monga anayi accelerator pogwiritsa ntchito utsi olimba. Pakuti kusungiramo roketi ndi wapadera losindikizidwa zoyendera ndi Launch chidebe. Isanafike chiyambi cha RCC "lubwe" P-700 mapiko ndi mchira angathe apangidwe. Ndi thandizo la cowl mzikiti woboola pakati anachita pachikuto cha zakudya mpweya. Kuti "lubwe" U-700 pa Launch ndi roketi sanali kuonongeka exhausts, pamaso akuthamanga ndi wodzazidwa ndi madzi anatengedwa kumbuyo. njirayi kuti nchofunika kuti chimathandiza accelerator kuti amakankhira kwa chombo kuchokera mu mgodi. The mzikiti woboola pakati mzikiti amatsamira kale mu mlengalenga. Pankhaniyi, mapiko ndi mchira, amene anali kuyamba ku boma apangidwe, ndi kuwuluridwa. Pambuyo kuyaka accelerator ndi linapendekeka, ndi roketi ndege pogwiritsa ntchito boosters.

The chida zinakhazikitsa?

Mivi "Granit" P-700 monga:

• Mkulu-zachiwawa ozama warhead. Iwo akulemera 585 kwa 750 makilogalamu.

• Mwatsatanetsatane nyukiliya.
• TNT ofanana, kulemera kwa ndilo 500 kilotons.

Today - pa kukhazikitsidwa mapangano mayiko - mivi nyukiliya zimafika "Granit" P-700 ndikoletsedwa. Pakuti zida zawo zokha Convention a nkhondowo mayunitsi.

makhalidwe Magwiridwe

• Kukula kwa chida zovuta "lubwe" P-700 mamita khumi.
• Awiri - 85 cm.
• Wingspan - 260 cm.
• Isanafike chiyambi mfuti zimalemera matani 7.
• mankhwala akhoza kukwaniritsa osachepera ndege okwera pa malo kuukira mamita 25.
• Tikaphatikiza ndege njira amalola chida kukwaniritsa osiyanasiyana kwa 625 Km.
• Low-okwera njira yodutsamo amalola kuti kuthawira kutali osati choposa 200 Km.
• Kugwiritsa ANN kasamalidwe dongosolo ARLGSN.
• Mfuti ndi zokuzira ndi ozama warhead, amene akulemera makilogalamu 750.

Chifukwa misa lalikulu ndi mathamangidwe mkulu wa P-700 zovuta kugunda iwo mivi antiaircraft. Akatswiri ena nkhondo, asilikali a U-700, zomwe akulemera makilogalamu 750, amagwira ntchito pokhapokha pa akumenya malo chandamale. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti, zikhale zovuta malo anagunda pa mipherezero osiyana sitima chida amakhala ndi kuvutika mu uthunthu wa mamita mpaka 200.

kompyuta digito ndi chiyani?

Pakuti zida malangizo kwa chandamale ntchito yogwira Rada mutu. Information njira kuti ntchito trehprotsessornoy gulu kompyuta (FDC), n'zotheka kudziwa zambiri interferences cholinga chenicheni. Pa gulu kukulozani mivi (ananyoza) mdani kudziwika imatheka ndi kupatsana mipherezero zambiri, chizindikiritso ndi kugawa pa magawo osiyanasiyana pakati pa mitu chida homing.

Luso kukhazikitsa angapo operekeza, ndege onyamula ndi zombo amphibious kumenya kudziwa chandamale anakhumba ndi kum'menya mwamphamvu n'zotheka chifukwa chibadidwe deta kompyuta pa bolodi wofunikila magulu onse a zombo zamakono. Ntchito FDC Cholinga nkhondo mdani pakompyuta kuti mwa kulenga phokoso ndi njira zina mpweya chitetezo mukhoza kupatulako anamasulidwa mivi sitima kuchoka cholinga. Mu panopa P-700 ali 3B47 siteshoni "khwatsi" omwe mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo wapadera resets amasonyeza zina ndi decoys operekedwa ndi mdani. Kapezekedwe ka kompyuta adakwera amachita mzinga P-700 anzeru kwambiri: PKR kutetezedwa mdani Rada kuwasokoneza, poyankha kuika zawo ndi kutitengera chandamale onyenga chifukwa chitetezo cha chiwembu. Kumayambiriro kwa gulu chifukwa cha kompyuta adakwera angafotokozerane zambiri.

Kodi chiwembucho?

Pakuti kulasa mipherezero, mtunda umene oposa 120 Km, P-700 limatuluka ndi kutalika kwa 17 Km. Mbali yaikulu ya ndege anachita pa mlingo. Pa okwera iyi roketi yafupika yaikulu kulimbikira mpweya chololera kupulumutsa mafuta. Pa mlingo wa 17 Km utali wozungulira chandamale kudziwika bwino. Kamodzi chandamale chikupezeka, anaitulukira imagwiridwa. Kenako anatulutsa roketi yafupika mamita 25. Gos kutali. Izi zimapangitsa RCC kosaoneka ndi mdani Rada. Gos ndi adamulowetsa kale asanagwe, pamene kuli kofunikira kuti achite nsonga yeniyeni. kuponya mabomba bungwe mu njira yakuti poyamba anawononga zolinga patsogolo ndi ndiye - zazing'ono. kufalitsa mauthenga kumachitika pakati pa mitu nkhondo pamaso nkhondo. Chifukwa ichi, kuwononga chilichonse chandamale lakonzedwa nambala inayake nkhondo. Kupezeka kwa chisanadze analinganiza aliyense machenjerero sitima chida zimawathandiza kudziteteza ku odana ndege chitetezo cha mdani.

Kodi RCC?

Kuukira anamasulidwa limodzi sitima chida akhoza kupita chiwiya osiyana. Ngati anagwira gulu chiyambi RCC bwanji wonse osiyanasiyana magalimoto. Akupezeka mu mpweya panyanja mphamvu zinachitikira ndi P-700 anasonyeza mivi mkulu Mwachangu pa mipherezero m'mphepete mwa nyanja mdani ngati ntchito mu gulu. Mu nkhani iyi, roketi poyamba munali spetszaryad, disabling zonse zimene chitetezo mpweya mdani. Chonyamulira ofotokoza kagulu kamene anaukira mzinda kapena doko ndi sanathenso kupirira. Gawo lotsatira kuukira anatenga ndi mabomba ena amene si spetszaryadov kuwatseka mdani. Mizinga zovuta zipolopolo mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kuchita monga gunner a. Advantageously ntchito ngati pa kayendetsedwe ka RCC Osokera moto. Pakuti anapereka ntchito za msinkhu ndithu. Pa kudutsana ndi mdani Rada kapena kwe, aiming ntchito basi amasamalira zina supersonic sitima chida.

ziphunzitso 2016

October 16, 2016, ankagwira ntchito maphunziro nkhondowo, oyendetsa za sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Antey" zipolopolo mzinga P-700 zovuta "lubwe". Kudzachita anali polygon kuwombera mu Novaya Zemlya zilumba.

Akatswiri ena nkhondo, za kukhazikitsidwa kwa U-700 zinachitikadi ndi cholinga kuwombera chakale kapena wolakwika mivi ndi m'malo awo wotsatira. Pa nthawi yomweyo mode kuwombera lichitidwa akhantowera mipherezero pansi. Palinso buku lina zochita: chifukwa zinthu yomangika ndale mu dziko, chochitika anatumikira monga chizindikiro cha NATO, amene Russia alibe lotha Soviet chida onyamula ndi modernized, wokhoza moto pa mipherezero pansi pa nthawi iliyonse.