Tanthauzo ndi kalembedwe mbali akuti: mbali ndi malamulo

The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa Chirasha zikuphatikizapo nkhani zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Nkhaniyi ikuchita ndi puronauni mbali ya kulankhula. mbali kalembedwe akuti, makamaka udindo wawo chiweruzo - lonse m'nkhaniyo.

puronauni

The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa Chirasha wa mndandanda wa puronauni zofunika. Choncho ndi mbali ya kulankhula kuti akhoza m'malo gawo lirilonse mwadzina wa kulankhula popanda wotchula wonena za mawu. Puronauni tanthauzo ndi mbali kalembedwe zimene zalembedwa m'munsimu yekha amatanthauza zinthu kapena zochitika, popanda kuwapatsa dzina mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza m'malo nauni nyumba puronauni iye, numeral makumi awiri - mu mawu ena mmene cinacake adjective buluu - puronauni ena, ndi zina zotero.

mawu gulu momveka

Pali classifications angapo. Choncho, pa maziko a mfundo zomwe amanyamula mawu kutali akuti munthu (iye, inu, ife), odzikundikira (wake, anu, athu), index (amene, a), chizindikiro (monga kwambiri, aliyense), voprositelno- wachibale (kuti amene amene ali), chosadziwika (winawake, ena, ena), zoipa (palibe, palibe) ndi puronauni reflexive yokha. mbali kalembedwe akuti ali anasonyeza pa maziko a zake.

Personal, kulamula reflexive, woonekeratu

Ambiri ndi akuti munthu, womana ndi woonekeratu. mbali kalembedwe akuti munthu - ndi kuli magulu a munthu, mphamvu kusintha pa milandu, pamaso pa gulu la atsikana munthu 3. Mwachitsanzo: Paulendo nsomba anali umakondwera. pempholo ali ndi m'lowam'malo (zonsezi) kuti, amene amakhala ndi zinthu monga 3 munthu (mu mawonekedwe koyamba - iye), genitive, chachimuna.

mbali kalembedwe akuti woonekeratu (ndi kulamula komanso) ofanana ndi zizindikiro za adjective kuti: iwonso zosiyanasiyana case, chiwerengero ndi kubadwa. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba - loto lake. pempholo ali puronauni woonekeratu (mmodzi, chachimuna, iwo ali. Mlanduwu) ndi puronauni odzikundikira ake (u chiwerengero, chachimuna, Iye. Mlanduwu). Reflexive puronauni sasintha ali zonse, mawonekedwe chikhalidwe - yokha.

Attributive, chikhalire, zoipa, interrogative-wachibale

Kalembedwe mbali akuti attributive zotsatirazi: nambala, jenda ndi nkhani amadalira nauni ndi. Izi mbali ya kulankhula ngati puronauni kulamula koma mfundo ndi khalidwe zowombetsa mkota. pempholo anagwirizana ndi nauni ndi. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lililonse anakhala otentha. Puronauni aliyense wagwirizana ndi nauni chiwerengero, jenda, mlandu.

akuti Interrogative-wachibale ntchito mafunso ndi ziganizo zovuta kulimba munthu. Pankhaniyi, ndi mau omwewo angakhale interrogative mu nkhani imodzi ndi wachibale - mu ena: Kodi akunena za zipangizo latsopano? (Interrogative) - Adauzidwa kuti akulankhula za zipangizo zatsopano (wachibale). mawu awa sasintha, mmodzi yekha, ndipo kuti likhale gulu mlanduwo.

akuti kalekale amasonyeza kumachitika chinachake ndipo anapanga kuchokera interrogative powonjezera prefixes si - ndi ena - kapena suffixes - chinachake - chinachake - wina. Motero, mbali kalembedwe wa puronauni zimatengera kufunika kwake. maganizo olakwika kuonedwa ndi ife mbali ya kulankhula ndi inakhazikitsanso ku interrogative, koma munkachitsutsa. Mwachitsanzo: Panali mtundu wina wa phokoso osadziwika. Maganizo akuti awiri: ena - yosadziŵika ndipo palibe munthu - negative.

Gawo akuti pa malo kalembedwe

M'malo imodzi kapena mbali ina ya kulankhula, puronauni amatanthauza aliyense wa iwo. Choncho kusiyanitsa mawu, manauni, adjectives ndi manambala, amene mwa njira zina amatchedwa phunziro, kapena chizindikiro chiwerengero.

Akuti, manauni ndi amene akhoza m'malo ndi nauni, akuti: akuti munthu, funso komanso zimene ndi anawaphunzitsa zoipa kubwerera. Iwo akuyankha mafunso a manauni. maganizo ndi zambiri phunziro kwa kusinthidwa kulikonse. mbali kalembedwe puronauni nauni-mwachindunji zochokera relatedness yake ina gulu la momveka. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lenileni ndi anthu, chiwerengero, case, ndi mu mthunzi, kubwerera ndipo kalekale akuti, manauni ndi Sadadzipangire kudziwa munthu.

Akuti, adjectives ndi amene amalabadira funso maina ndi adjectives parses tanthauzo udindo. Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu la mbali ya kulankhula, womwenso onse kulamula zina zimene (ngati ichi, kuti, ndi ena), ndi funso (omwe, amene) ndipo anapanga wa iwo yosokoneza ndi zoipa. mbali kalembedwe mawu mu gulu ili ofanana ndi zizindikiro za adjectives, ndiko kuti, ndi gulu sanali okhazikika mlanduwo, jenda, chiwerengero.

Akuti, manambala ndi interrogative mawu ndi angati mawu kalekale komanso anachokera ku mawu awa kalekale. Makhalidwe kalembedwe chibadidwe iwo okha kusintha pa milandu.

Syntactic udindo akuti

Malinga ndi mfundo kuti mupezeke gulu makamaka ndi phindu sizovuta kudziwa mbali kalembedwe akuti. Mbali ya kulankhula kuti imakhudzana ndi puronauni limachititsa kuti mosavuta tisonyezeni udindo wake syntactic. Mwachitsanzo, chiweruzo "Iye analemba iwo kalata ina," pali mawu atatu kuti ntchito zosiyana: chimodzi (payekha) - nkhani, iwo (payekha) - Kuwonjezera, ena (attributive) - mtima.

Pomwe kuitana membala wa mfundo zowonetseredwa ndi zinthu puronauni thandizo. Mwachitsanzo, palibe aliyense ankakhala m'nyumba yako patsogolo. Afunsa ndani? - palibe - izo umamumvera, mu nyumba yotani? lanu - mtima. Pali maganizo, monga kokha mawu akuti: Ndi iwo. E ndi - nkhaniyi, iwo - mkhalidwe. Ambiri mwa anthuwa: iwo - Kuwonjezera, angapo - mutu.

mfundo Morphological wa akuti

Ponena za malamulo kalembedwe wa Mawu akuti mu mawu kapena ziganizo, ndi woyamba kofunika kudziwa Ambiri kulakwitsa. Izi atatu odzikundikira puronauni lake, kwawo, wake, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito molakwa. Mwachitsanzo, egoshny, eyny kwawo - ndi kuphwanyiratu malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha.

Mawu akuti iye, iye, iwo, ndipo amafunika Kuwonjezera kalata "N" pa chiyambi cha mawu: ndi - popanda - zimenezi, - iwo ali. Izi ndi zofunika pambuyo anawagwiritsira a. Ngati palibe chowiringula, ndiye kalata "N" mu mawu osafunika: adamzindikira Iye, anafunsa mkaziyo kuwaona.

Puronauni ndi nkhani

Akuti kuchita ziganizo ndi malemba m'malo ntchito. Izi zokhudzana ndi zina zolakwika kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, bambo anapita kumzinda. Iye anali kutali. The bambo kapena mzindawo unali kutali? Ofesi ya mkulu anafika, limene lili pansi wachisanu. Director of ofesi kapena pansi chachisanu? Nthawi zambiri pali ambiguity kugwiritsa ntchito puronauni reflexive ndi kulamula puronauni ake: Mtsogoleri anapempha bwana kubwera ku ofesi wake (yemwe ofesi: wotsogolera kapena woyang'anira).

Akuti mu pepala kuona

Ntchito Kupenda pa chinenero cha Chirasha pali ntchito kumene mukufuna kudziwa mbali kalembedwe wa nauni, mneni ndi adjective. Mawu nthawi zambiri m'gulu la ntchito kuphwanya malamulo kalembedwe. Gome m'munsimu lili ndi zitsanzo za ntchito zina.

Nthawi zambiri amachita puronauni mu gawo lemba la njira lexical kulankhulana pakati pa bwana. Mu zikalata ntchito kukakomana ndi tanthauzo la bwana kulankhulana mu lemba. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe bwana zokhudzana: Basil mlungu anapita kutauni kugula. Kuyambira iye anabweretsa zipatso, dzinthu ndi maswiti. Yankho: akuti awiri patokha. Kapena chitsanzo china: Today mvula. Izi ndi zodabwitsa. maganizo awa syazany ndi puronauni woonekeratu.

Motero, mbali kalembedwe akuti malamulo morphological ntchito zawo ayenera kudziwa bwinobwino kukhoza mayeso pa chinenero cha Chirasha.

mfundo zochititsa chidwi za m'lowam'malo wa

Mbiri ya mapangidwe akuti mbali ya kulankhula ndi chidwi ndi wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, I - m'lowam'malo wa munthu woyamba mmodzi. Amachokera kwa Old Asilavo yaz, zomwe mwina amasonyeza kalata yoyamba ya zilembo - Azariya. Chachitatu, munthu mawu a chinenero ophunzira pambuyo pa zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kale zinakhalapo ndipo woonekeratu akuti, Ine, E, amene amatchulidwa ndi mkhalapakati. A mawu amakono wachitatu ndi kusintha alionse mwa mawu kuchokera gulu kuti: kuchokera index mseri. Mbiri ya chinenero cha Chirasha amadziwa nthawi imene panali mitundu itatu akuti woonekeratu. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito malingana ndi nkhani mtunda kuchokera wolankhulayo: Shii - pafupi woyankhula, mh - pafupi interlocutor, pa - kwina polankhula. The kumaliseche akuti odzikundikira ali kwaiye: lili ndi njira yosavuta komanso kulamula (changa) ndi funso (yemwe?), Ndipo chosadziwika (munthu) ndi zoipa (palibe).