Taxonomy mu zamoyo ndi chiyani? Biology: Bzalani systematics

Kodi mukukumbukira zamoyo phunziro "Systematics ndi gulu la zamoyo"? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye nkhani yathu ndi inu. Ife tidzatenga bwino nkhani za sayansi ndi, ndiponso pa magulu a zomera ndi malo amene iwo amaphatikizidwa.

taxonomy mu zamoyo Kodi

The zosiyanasiyana zamoyo padziko lapansili ndi zodabwitsa chabe. Tangoganizirani, mu nthawi amakono mitundu miliyoni 8.7 kudziwika kwa asayansi. Iwo katswiri zonse Oréal malo ku matupi madzi ndi dothi kuli parasitic mwa zamoyo. Popeza panali sayansi kuti akhoza streamline zosiyanasiyana ichi, chimene kwambiri wosalira ndondomeko yophunzira awo.

taxonomy ndi chiyani? Ulaliki pa zamoyo ndi ubwino zosiyana zoperekedwa matanthauzo ambiri a lingaliro ili. Tiona pa enieni kwambiri. Systematics - sayansi ya Osiyana ndi gulu la zamoyo. Mu Greek dzina ili likumasuliridwa kuti "mwadongosolo".

Woyamba zoyesayesa kucheza zamoyo zochokera makhalidwe ambiri ndipo anayesetsa Aristotle Theophrastos. Choncho, kodi taxonomy mu zamoyo, ankadziwika m'nthawi yakaleyo.

Woyambitsa wa taxonomy imatengedwa kuti ndi Swedish wasayansi Karl Linney. Zinali iye amene anayambitsa sayansi iwiri kapena bayinare, mayina a nyama ndi zomera. Mpaka lero, unit wa gulu Maonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, popula siliva, mankhwala, wamba plantain.

Ufumu wa chilengedwe

Systematics - gulu mu zamoyo, chomwe chili ndi zamoyo m'magulu a makhalidwe ofanana. Iwo amatchedwa taxa. Zazing'ono izi ndi maganizo, ndi apamwamba - ufumu. Pakati pawo pali wapakatikati taxa. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu ndi mtundu, banja, kuti, kalasi ndi kugawikana.

Maufumu asanu a chilengedwe:

• Zomera yodziwika autotrophic njira yobweretsa, pamaso pa wobiriwira pigment wotchedwa chlorophyll maselo angathe photosynthesis, Ufumuyo moyo kukula malire.
• Nyama ndi njira ya kudya ndi heterotrophic mwachangu kusuntha, kukula kukula kokha mu nyengo zina.
• Bowa - gulu la zamoyo, zomwe ali ndi udindo wapakatikati pakati pa nyama ndi zomera. Chili mbali ya maufumu onse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zomera, bowa amagwira moyo. Choncho iwo kudyetsa okonzeka ndi zinthu organic ngati nyama.
• Mabakiteriya - wosakwatiwa tating'ono tosaoneka zamoyo kuti alibe chikalata phata.
• Mavairasi - osakhala ma zamoyo. Izi mamolekyulu asidi mkati anapanga, atazunguliridwa ndi odula mapuloteni.

Biology, kalasi 6: taxonomy la zomera

Tsopano tione gulu la anthu a ufumu mbewu. Ife tikudziwa kale kuti zimenezi taxonomy mu zamoyo ndi zimene mbali yapadera amadziŵika oimira ufumu wake. gulu Kodi n'kopanda mkati mwake?

Biology ndi taxonomy zomera apamwamba amaonedwa awiri: m'munsi ndi apamwamba. gulu loyamba la zomera musati kupanga zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Zikuphatikizapo algae onse. Izi ndi zomera ambiri wosazindikira, amene choyamba anaonekera padzikoli.

Pamene iwo kulowa m'dziko zomera anayamba kupanga zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Popanda moyo wawo sizikanatheka mu chilengedwe chatsopano. Kotero mu ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe ka zomera aliyense apamwamba.

zomera m'munsi

taxonomy mu zamoyo ndi chiyani? Ndi sayansi kuti amalola kusiyanitsa chachikulu khalidwe mbali ya zamoyo. Zomera ambiri - ndi autotrophic njira kudya kwa m'munsi - kusapezeka kwa maselo apadera. Pakuti algae onsewo ali ndi dongosolo lomwelo. Tikaphatikiza iwo anatomically yekha, koma osati zimagwirira ntchito.

algae thupi otchedwa mawu akuti "Thallus", "Slano" kapena "thallium". Ndipo m'malo mizu ali rhizoids. Iwo akhoza kukhala osakwatira kapena multicellular ndi atsamunda. Kuwonjezera pa pigment wotchedwa chlorophyll, maselo algae anyamula utoto wa mitundu ina. Malinga m'madipatimenti wolemekezekayu wobiriwira, wofiira ndi zofiirira, golide algae. Koma nthumwi Diatom atazunguliridwa ndi chigoba cha silika. iwo anachita mipata kagayidwe.

Apamwamba: mbali khalidwe

The osamuka oyamba dziko ndisanadye minofu weniweni. Anapitirizabe rhizoids, ndi kuthawa yopingasa ndi forked nthambi. Mu zamoyo wa zomera anapulumuka anthu onse thupi zimene amalandira udindo choimirira. Izi zimabweretsa zinthu aluso kwa zosayembekezereka ya photosynthesis. Choncho zomera apamwamba ndi maselo apadera ndipo zimakhala - makina, conductive, pachikuto ndi pakati.

Mamembala ambiri wosazindikira kagulu kathu ka izi ndi mwadongosolo spore. mitundu yawo yamakono awa akuimira zigawo zinayi: Moho-, Plauno-, Hvosche- ndi fern. zizindikiro zawo zofanana leafy Kapangidwe ka athawe, kubalana mwa spores, kusinthana mu mkombero moyo wa mibadwo kugonana ndi asexual.

A zosiyanasiyana mbewu

More zina zozama dongosolo ndi zomera mbewu. Dzina lokha amalankhula za njira la kubalana awo. Mbewu, mosiyana ndi awiri, ndi okwanira ndithu zakudya. Iwo zimathandiza kuti kumera waphindu ndi chitukuko cha zomera wamng'ono.

Mwa gulu ili ndi systematics awiri dipatimenti: gymnosperms ndi angiosperms. Oimira woyamba ndi spruce, paini, Oil, mlombwa, kinkgo, Welwitschia. mbewu zawo kukhala pa phirilo mamba lotseguka, adachitira umboni. Mbali Kudziwa dzina la taxon lapansi. Gymnosperms musati kupanga maluwa ndi zipatso, ambiri mwa iwo ndi yobiriwira.

Angiosperms, kapena zomera maluwa, ndi gulu la zomera, lomwe panopa zatenga malo lalikulu pa dziko. Ndiyamika zina structural zitheke? Choyamba, ndi pamaso pa duwa, kuchita zobereka limba ntchito, imene umuna awiri. zipatso anapanga mkati mbewu akufotokozera chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi. nyumba imeneyi chimateteza ku zinthu zoipa, chitukuko yabwino ndi kufalitsa zomera.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife anayang'ana pa zimene taxonomy mu zamoyo. Ndi sayansi kumene kumatsimikizira udindo wa zamoyo mu organic dongosolo dziko zochokera kapangidwe ka zinthu zina.