Thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero: sitepe ndi sitepe ikulongosola za malangizo ndi chithandizo

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi aliyense kamodzi pa moyo wake anakumana ndi choipa monga wovulala a. Mu United States analemba maziko tsiku padziko milandu miliyoni zisanu ndi ziwiri mu Russia - onse naini miliyoni. kudwala Izi zimayambitsa anthu kuti ayambe kulambira traumatology, ndi pa maholide ndi odwala ayezi chimakhala ngakhale kwambiri: ataledzera ndi kugwa imfayo sprains, nthambi fractures. thandizo Pankhaniyi sindingakhoze okha kuchepetsa mpata mavuto, komanso kupulumutsa miyoyo.

The zimakonda fractures

Chifukwa m'makona wovulala zambiri amakhala zoopsa, T. E. chikoka Zowonekera kunja mphamvu kuposa mphamvu za m'dera fupa imene yaloza. Part fractures zimachitika monga chotsatira cha aliyense matenda: okhulupirika fupa akhoza chosemphana ndipo palibe mphamvu zakunja koma chifukwa cha pathological kufooka fupa. fractures Pathologic angachotsedwe fupa TB, kufooka kwa mafupa kwambiri, khansa (kuchuluka kapena metastasis khansa yomweyo kutanthauzira mu minofu fupa) kapena myeloma angapo.

Quick Zotsatira kuwonongeka fupa

The fractures ambiri zimachitika anyamata ndi anyamata. Oimira ntchito mphamvu kugonana m'mafakitale pamene pali chiopsezo kuvulazidwa, m'pamenenso kumwa mowa, ndi okhudzidwa mapokoso kuledzera ndi galimoto woledzera, kukonda masewera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri anthu zimachitika sprains ndi fractures wa malekezero (thandizo pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kupatsidwa nthawi yomweyo), nthiti ndi mafupa nkhope ya Chibade cha.

Akazi amayamba kufooka kwa mafupa msinkhu, zimakhala zosavuta choipa kwa zaka 45-50. Kuwonjezera kusintha, ndi nthawi yoopsa mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, pamene thupi amakhala ndi akusowa wa calcium, kusuntha likulu yokoka, ndi aone yochepa kuti mimba chachikulu.

Kugawira ofanana choipa ana. Cholowa cha fractures mlandu 20% kuvulala onse ana, omwe ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi yogwira, udakali Nditchimo.

Gulu la fractures nthambi

thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero kumadalira chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka. Pali i angapo kupatukana fractures m'magulu:

1. Chifukwa pakutchulidwa la: zoopsa (chifukwa anali chikoka kunja) kapena pathologic (fupa lothyoka chinathandiza zinthu mkati: mavuto a matenda osiyanasiyana, ndi kuperewera kwa ena mavitamini ndi mchere)
2. Kusalekerera: kusiyanitsa fractures ndi kusamutsidwa, pamene makombo fupa akhoza kuvulaza zimakhala ozungulira, ndipo popanda kukondera, ngati zidutswa fupa ikuchitikira mothandizidwa ndi minofu ndi tendons. Kuonetsetsa komanso fractures chosakwanira, ndipo amatchedwa tchipisi kapena ming'alu.
3. Malinga umphumphu wa khungu: yodziwika ndi bala ofunika pa fupa lothyoka lotseguka, koma ndi chatsekedwa zidutswa fupa musati kulankhula ndi chilengedwe kunja.
4. The mawonekedwe ndi malangizo kuwonongeka: helical, molunjika, kotenga, oblique ndi fractures yopingasa.

thandizo kwa fractures: Kayendesedwe

Ngati zochitika za fractures fupa la m'makona, thandizo limachititsa halve mosavuta mavuto, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kupulumutsa miyoyo. Chinthu chachikulu ndi ntchito zonse akutsatiridwa bwino ndipo m'nthawi yake.

thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero zikuphatikizapo angapo miyeso umalimbana ndi fupa lothyoka mtundu tanthauzo (kanthu anthu, kupereka thandizo loyamba, ikhoza kusintha kutengera zimene ifenso timalimbana - ndi fupa lothyoka lotseguka kapena chatsekedwa, ngati pali madandaulo ina choipa cha ululu ndi zina zosokonezeka), ndipo mwachindunji kupereka thandizo lofunika. Pambuyo wovulalayo ayenera kunyamulidwa kuchipatala kapena kuonetsetsa kubera madokotala powonekera.

Kodi kupereka thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero? Ambiri, thandizo imagwiridwa motere:

1. M'pofunika kupereka cholinga ziyenera a woberedwa, onetsetsani kuti ndi fupa lothyoka ndi kudziwa njira zina zochita. thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero ikuchitika okha ngati wodwalayo ali kale mu ngozi.
2. Ngati wogwiriridwayo ali chikomokere osati kupuma, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndicho kuchita kuwatsitsimula ndi kumubweretsa kulakwa kwake.
3. Mu fractures lotseguka, muyenera choyamba asiye kutuluka ndi kuchitira bala ndi antiseptic ndi matenda, ngati n'kotheka, ndi zofunika zoika bandeji wosabala.
4. Ngati mankhwala alipo ayenera anesthetize nthambi wakukuwazwa ule, kupanga jakisoni ketorolac (1 ampoule), novocaine (5 ml) kapena njira zina zoyenera.
5. M'pofunika kugwetsa nthambi ndi kuitana "kusala." Nthawi zina, nokha kutenga wozunzidwayo malo dokotala.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za nthambi wovulala

thandizo kwa fractures ndi kumene pokhapokha ngati inu anavomereza kuti Anthuwo chabe wovulala, ndipo palibe mtundu wina wa kuwonongeka. Choncho, zizindikiro mtheradi wa miyendo wovulala ndi:

• looneka mapindikidwe wa gawo kuonongeka;
• zina - ndikosatheka gulu;
• kuchuluka zoyendayenda, ndi kwachibadwa udindo wa manja / mapazi (kapena zigawo zake);
• zachiphamaso bala ndi fupa zidutswa zooneka ndi fractures lotseguka;
• khalidwe crunch mu kamphindi mmene.

.. Zizindikiro wachibale wa wovulala, zizindikiro ie, zomwe zina akhozanso kukopeka ndi kuwonongeka ena:

• kupweteka kwa zinkakhala m'dera, amene kumawonjezera pa anayambitsa;
• hematoma, ndi throbbing ululu limasonyeza kuti magazi mkati akupitiriza;
• edema ndi kutupa m'dera la choipa, amene angathe mkati mphindi 15 pambuyo fupa lothyoka la;
• zochepa zoyendayenda, nthambi wakukuwazwa ule, monga ulamuliro, sachiza konse kapena mbali.

Kafukufuku boma akhudzidwa

thandizo kwa lotseguka fractures miyendo kuwonongeka chatsekedwa ming'alu, kapena kuvulala ena kumaphatikizapo mosamala ochitiridwayo, ndi zochita za chikhalidwe chake ndi zinthu imeneyi. Ngati sizili akadali pano, m'pofunika kuchoka ku malo otetezedwa Kenako kupereka thandizo.

Wovulalayo ayenera kuyezedwa pamaso pa kuwonongeka zina, magazi, angathe kuvulala, onani zizindikiro zazikulu zofunika: kukhalapo ndi zimachitika mlingo ndi kupuma, luso kulabadira zimene zikuchitika kunja (kuwala, phokoso). Ngati munthu amadziwa, ayenera kukumana ndi woberedwa, kufunsa za madandaulo, malo ndi chikhalidwe cha ululu.

Chofunika sikuloledwa kwa kusuntha wovulalayo pokhapokha koyenera kutero komanso popanda imposition matayala galimoto pa nthambi wovulala.

wovulalayo chikomokere

thandizo kwa fractures a nthambi kumafuna munthu kubweretsa mu chikumbumtima ndipo kuwatsitsimula ngati n'koyenera. Choncho, awonetsetse kuti wovulalayo bata ndi amayesetsa kuti kuzunza anthu mothandizidwa ndi zimene zikuchitika kunja - ndi mbama patsaya, madzi ozizira kapena thonje swab choviikidwa mu amoniya madzi ndi kupeleka kwa mphuno.

kuwatsitsimula

Ngati kupuma ndipo palibe zimachitika, m'pofunika kuchita kupuma yokumba ndi kutikita mtima. Pakuti bwino kuwatsitsimula wovulalayo kugona pamwamba zovuta. dzanja mmodzi ayendetse pachigama, winayo - kutsina mphuno. Mutu wa wovulalayo chitaya mmbuyo kumbuyo pang'ono, pakamwa pake ndi lotseguka. Munthu amene amathandizanso, amatenga mpweya kwambiri, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kutulutsa, kuli kuphimba pakamwa pa wovulalayo. Amapanga kupuma ayenera kuchitira kudzera minofu kapena anatengera wapadera. Kutulutsa m'kamwa wovulalayo zizichitidwa masekondi anayi mpaka kubwezeretsa kupuma lachibadwa.

Sitipereka mtima kutikita imagwiridwa motere: Munthu kupereka thandizo, dzanja crosswise pachifuwa pa munthuyo komanso zimapangitsa kukanikiza (chifuwa pita masentimita anayi kapena asanu). Iyenera 30 zivomezi zina, kenako kusintha psinjika kuti mpweya wabwino. miyeso Resuscitative akutsatiridwa mu chiŵerengero cha zodabwitsa makumi atatu kwa mpweya awiri.

Mantha mantha: Kayendesedwe

Mantha mantha thandizo kwa fractures a nthambi m'munsi (monga pamwamba) zikusonyeza hemostasis, kupereka zinthu omasuka (mwachitsanzo, ozizira Manga munthu pofuna kupewa frostbite) ndiponso chithandizo mwamsanga kuchipatala m'chipatala. Ngati palibe m'munsi nthambi fractures, kukweza miyendo ya wovulalayo mwa 15-30 masentimita.

Hemostasis ndi bala chithandizo

thandizo kwa fractures lotseguka wa miyendo amafuna hemostasis ndi bala chithandizo. Choyamba, m'pofunika kupereka malo olondola a nthambi ndi kumasula kwa zovala, monga kuwonjezeka edema m'tsogolo, mwina, sangacite zimenezo. Kenako, tourniquet, kapena kuthamanga bandeji ku bala (makamaka wosabala) ndi kuchitira kuonongeka m'mbali mwa khungu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Onetsetsani kuti alembe nthawi yeniyeni kutsatira chigamba.

Mungapereke wozunzidwayo ndi analgesic ululu ndalama. Oyenera analgin, paracetamol, "Nurofen", "Ketorol" ndi zina zotero. Chilengedwe chipatala akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati n'koyenera ndiponso champhamvu kwambiri analgesics chomwa mankhwalawa. Zikuphatikizapo "Fentanyl", "nalbuphine" kapena "Promedrol".

Immobilization ya nthambi ovulalawo

thandizo kwa fractures a nthambi ikukhudza immobilization m'dera kuonongeka fupa. Kulephera kuyenda chiwalo angathe kuperekedwa mu njira zingapo: ntchito kumanga anavulala m'munsi nthambi ndi wathanzi, chikukonzekera zikutanthauza pa dzanja, pribintovyvanie wosweka dzanja ndi torso. Ngati sangathe kupereka zoyendera immobilization matayala wapadera, inu akhoza kugwiritsa lathyathyathya olimba chinthu. Kutseka dzanja kapena mwendo ayenera kukhala mu mkhalidwe yachibadwa thupi. Onetsetsani kuti pakati pa tayalalo ndi finiteness wa PAD thonje-gauze.

Pamene immobilization muyenera kuganizira malamulo ochepa ndi zofunika:

• basi ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mfundo osachepera awiri, kupewa kuwonongeka zina kwa zimakhala zofewa makombo fupa;
• kukonza kukula tayala akhale ofanana ndi malo zosalongosoka;
• immobilization imagwiridwa, kawirikawiri pamwamba pa zovala ndi nsapato, koma ayenera kuchotsedwa bwanji zinthu bulky;
• thandizo kwa fractures wa malekezero chapamwamba (pansi) ndi zotheka ndi wothandizira a.

Pambuyo pogwira ntchito zonse zofunikira ayenera kukhala pa makonzedwe a chisamaliro chisanadze kuchipatala kuitana "ambulansi." Wozunzidwayo adzafunika dokotala thandizo ndi chisamaliro.