Pastern fupa: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Kodi fupa pastern? Kodi ntchito iwo kuchita chiyani? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ena angapezeke mu nkhani. Burashi ndi gawo wapotalikira wa dzanja, mafupa a chomwe mafupa metacarpal, zala (phalanges) ndi dzanja.

kapangidwe

Kodi fupa pastern? Pa funso limeneli ife adzayankha, koma tsopano kudziwa kapangidwe ka polumikizira. Mu dongosolo lake pali eyiti lalifupi chofewa ngati siponji mafupa anaikidwa mizere iwiri zinayi aliyense:

• pamwamba: atatu konsekonse, navicular, semilunar, pisiform;
• M'munsi: capitatum, trapezium, mbedza woboola pakati, trapezoid fupa.

M'munsi mapeto a utali wozungulira ndi ulna kutsatira mafupa carpal kupanga dzanja olowa zovuta zomwe angapange ankasinthana pa nkhwangwa onse atatu. Mafupa a mzere m'munsi Ufumuyo pamwamba mafupa pamwamba, pansi - kwa lotanthauza metacarpus, ndi mzake, kupanga malopovorotlivye mafupa.

Mfundo lotsatira mafupa kupanga pastern fupa. Pali yekha zisanu, chiwerengero cha zala. likulu lawo chikugwirizana ku dzanja fupa. Komanso mafupa metacarpal, phalanges ndi waufupi tubular mafupa. Zala ali phalanges atatu: proximal (m'munsi), ambiri ndipo mapeto wapotalikira kapena (msomali). Only chala chachikulu ndi zosiyana, monga popangidwa ndi phalanges awiri - msomali ndi zofunika. Pakati pa phalanges kwa chala ndi metacarpal fupa zooneka makina olowa.

pastern fupa

Kodi mafupa ambiri ali mbali ya metacarpal chiyani? Amakhala asanu metacarpal mafupa yokhudza kotekisi. Wokha ndi elongated chachiwiri metacarpal fupa, ndi yayifupi - metacarpal fupa la chala chachikulu (choyamba), amene amakhala ndi massiveness ake.

The lotanthauza ena kwa malire ulnar m'manja kuchepa m'litali. Mutu metacarpal kumeneko, m'munsi ndi thupi. zapansi zawo athandize ndi mafupa carpal. Articular pamwamba zapansi ndi metacarpals chachisanu ndi woyamba chishalo mawonekedwe. Onse a padziko articular ndi lathyathyathya. Mu metacarpals ndi kumutu amene amasiyana hemispherical articular pamwamba ndipo m'pamene mafupa proximal chala.

tsatanetsatane

Choncho, tiyenera kupitiriza kuphunzira pastern zina. Kodi mafupa ambiri ali? Ife tikudziwa kale kuti asanu mafupa metacarpal kupanga pastern. Ndi mtundu iwo ali yochepa mafupa tubular ndi epiphysis chenicheni chokhacho (monoepifizarnye fupa). Iwo amatchedwa ndi dongosolo - I, II, III, ndi zina zotero, kuyambira chala choyamba.

Malekezero proximal maziko II-V mafupa articular ndi mbali mosabisa zimene zimakhala kugwirizana kwa wachiwiri mafupa mzere dzanja, ndi iwo amene anakonza mbali - kwa kugwirizana okha. Ine knuckled maziko pastern ali articular chishalo mawonekedwe ndi trapezoidal prichlenyaetsya mafupa carpal, monga mbali palibe mbali pano.

Base II pastern fupa ndipamene recess mu mawonekedwe a ngodya kuphimba fupa carpal. Yachokera V metacarpal knuckle, pa mbali ulnar, ali hump. Pa mitu ya mafupa metacarpal ndi articular pamalo otukukira kunja koyenera kuti ziwirizi ndi mafupa proximal ya zala. Pa mbali ya recess ndi roughened mitu looneka - malo mitsempha kuphatikana.

fupa tubular

Amadziwika kuti yaing'ono mafupa tubular monga mafupa ndi metacarpal phalanges ndi metatarsals. Kwa nthawi yaitali mafupa tubular a femur, fibula ndi tibia, komanso chigongono, mapewa ndi cheza. Oblong mwendo mafupa amapanga pafupifupi theka la kukula anthu.

ndi mafupa yaitali chiyani? Izi trihedral fupa kapena mawonekedwe cylindrical ndi m'lifupi mwake zosakwana utali. Iwo ali malekezero a epiphyses ndi, yokutidwa ndi hyaline articular chichereŵechereŵe, ndi kukula makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka m'litali thupi (diaphysis). Pakati pa diaphysis ndi metaphysis epiphyses anaikidwa ubwana ndi msinkhu chikukhudza epiphyseal chichereŵechereŵe mbale.

kapangidwe

Kotero, inu kale kudziwa za anthu fupa (metacarpal) zimakhudzidwa kayendedwe ka zala. Ndipo kodi kapangidwe ka fupa tubular? Kunja aphimbidwa ndi periosteum - wosanjikiza minofu connective. Bone epiphysis ankaimira makamaka cancellous fupa munali mafupa wofiira, diaphysis - yaying'ono fupa mankhwala. Pakati pali diaphyseal medullary ngalande, lomwe ladzala ndi wamkulu m'mafupa chikasu. mankhwala lili maselo mafuta.

burashi

mafupa Metacarpal ndi phalanges ndi dzanja mafupa. ndi mafupa a zala chiyani? Awa ndi ang'ono, anaika mmodzi ndi chenicheni chokhacho mafupa epiphysis (fupa mnoepifizarnye). Iwo akutchedwa phalanges. Zala ali phalanges atatu: pafupifupi wapotalikira ndi proximal. Chala chachikulu ndi kupatulapo, ngati iwo ali phalanges awiri - wapotalikira ndi proximal. Nyama zonse, ndi underdeveloped, nufikira malire kukula mwa anthu okha.

Maziko proximal articular fupa umabala dzenje limodzi, amene anafunika kugwirizana ndi mutu ozungulira. Pa zapansi wa phalanges wapotalikira ndi pakati ali zamkati awiri mosabisa, anapambulwa sikalopu. Iwo umanena ndi atsogoleri a phalanges sing'anga ndi proximal, amene kukula mu mawonekedwe a chipika ndi dzenje pakati.

Mapeto phalanges flattened ndi roughness. M'dera la zimfundo interphalangeal ndi metacarpophalangeal dzanja, kumene tendons ndi amagwira, ndi mafupa sesamoid. Iwo akupitiriza pa chala choyamba ndi masiyanidwe pa ena.

Mpira mfundo za dzanja

Pali maburashi mfundo metacarpophalangeal, amene anapanga ndi zapansi wa phalanges proximal ndi metacarpal mafupa mitu. mfundo zonsezi atatu nkhwangwa matanthauzo perpendicular wa kasinthasintha, kuzungulira omwe pali kutali ndi adduction, circumduction (yozungulira), kuwongola ndi kupinda, ndipo komabe iwo ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Extension ndi flexion zotheka pa 9-100 °, adduction ndi atigwira - pa 45-50 °.

Ina Mitsemphayi kulimbitsa mafupa metacarpophalangeal ndi kuikidwa pa mbali ya iwo. M'manja mwa makapisozi a malo ndi mitsempha zina, wotchedwa kanjedza. ulusi awa imachitika mogwirizana ndi yopingasa ulusi kwambiri metacarpal mitsempha yomwe kumabwezera mmbuyo divergence metacarpal mitu lotanthauza padera.

zimfundo lathyathyathya

Aliyense ayenera kudziwa mmene fupa ndi mbali ya pastern lapansi. Ndipo chimene chimapanga mfundo carpometacarpal dzanja? Izi articulation wa wapotalikira carpal mafupa mzere ndi zapansi ndi metacarpal. mafupa awa ali wofooka ndi ndi mawonekedwe mosabisa, opanda olowa carpometacarpal ya chala choyamba. Kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kuti iwo alibe upambana ° 5-10. Lability mu mafupa awa, komanso pakati pa mafupa carpal isanafalikire Mitsemphayi mwangwiro otukuka.

Mitolo anaika pamwamba pa pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu, kupanga amphamvu palmar mitsempha zida. Iye amamangirira mafupa carpal wina ndi mzake, komanso mafupa metacarpal. Capitatum mu zida za mitsempha chapakati. Iwo Ufumuyo ambiri Mitsemphayi lapansi.

The burashi kumbuyo mitolo anayamba ofooka kwambiri kuposa pachikhatho cha. Iwo amaphatikizidwa ndi mzake ndi woimbayo ndi lopangidwa kapisozi wandiweyani kuphimba malo pakati pa mafupa awa anayikidwa. Mzere wachiwiri kwa mafupa carpal, kuwonjezera pa kanjedza ndi kumbuyo, zaikidwa monga interosseous mitsempha.

Bone wapotalikira dzanja mizere ndi zinayi (II-V) malomanevrenny pastern fupa poyerekezera ndi mzake ndipo molimba chikugwirizana mu ankapoperamo yofunika kupanga waukulu fupa fupa pachimake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo amalembedwa ngati maziko olimba burashi.

Polygonal fupa ndi tsinde la woyamba metacarpal fupa ndipamene olowa carpometacarpal wa burashi loyamba chala. The pamalo olowa ndi chishalo mawonekedwe. Olowa akhale ngati zoyenda: atigwira ndi adduction, n'zosiyana kayendedwe (repositioning) ndi otsutsa (otsutsa) ndi circumduction (yozungulira).

chala choyamba zimatsutsana ndi zala zina zonse, choncho buku la manja kumvetsa kwambiri kuchuluka. magawo Motility mu olowa carpometacarpal ya chala lingathe 45-60 ° atigwira ndi pa actuation ndipo 35-40 ° pa gulu obwereza ndi Mosiyana.