The Great silika Road - ndi malonda njira wakale

Mu mbiri pali malipoti za nambala yaikulu misewu wakale kuti kutumikira anthu. Pakuti njira zakale anali makamu lalikulu ndi mizinda ili m'njira ankavutitsidwa (ndipo nthawi zina anali aggressors okha). Mu yamtendere msewu wakale adalumikiza nkhani ya chikhalidwe, ndale malonda moyo wa limati osiyana.

The Great silika Road imatengedwa wotchuka kwambiri ndi kwambiri mu dziko. Njira iyi malonda anapanga "trine" imene adalumikiza nkhani ya Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific Ocean. Chachikulu ichi "khwalala" anawoloka Europe ndi ku Asia. Ukukhudzana ndi Mediterranean ku Far East.

Tikumbukenso kuti silika Road sanali kokha mtengo, kapena ngakhale dongosolo la zamalonda. Iyeyu anali ngati zovuta chikhalidwe ndi chuma mlatho pakati pa magawo a West ndi East, zomwe chikugwirizana anthu, tiyenera kuyesetsa kuchita mogwirizana mwagwirizana ndi coexistence mtendere. Mwachitsanzo, Wamkulu silika Road ku Kazakhstan (ngati inu kupita kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo) anachoka Tashkent kudzera Turbat (Pass) mu Isfidzhab (Sairam). dzina la mzindawo wafika masiku athu. Otchedwa mudzi pafupi Shymkent, likulu la amene ali zotsalira za akale linga. mzindawu kamodzi chimodzi cha malo waukulu wa silika Road. Zimagulitsidwa ku Isfidzhab woyera nsalu, akapolo, chitsulo, malupanga ndi zida zina, mkuwa.

akatswiri a masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti Great silika Road anaonekera padziko 2 m'ma BC. e. Pankhaniyi, dzina lokha polima patapita nthawi yaitali, m'zaka 19. Mawu akuti "Great silika Road" inatuluka mu ntchito sayansi atalemba mu 1877, Richthofen (German mbiri ndi wapaulendo) ntchito "China". Tikumbukenso kuti mpaka pa nsonga iyi msewu ankatchedwa meridional Western Way. Komabe, sayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mawu analowa, ndi Richthofen.

Malinga ndi umboni wotsimikizira, Mfumu Wu Di la China anatumiza nthumwi mu 138 BC. e. kufunafuna ogwirizana mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga Hun mafuko unawononge- kumpoto Chinese gawo. Kazembe Chzhan Tsyan atabwerera ku ulendo mwatsatanetsatane za ulendo wake wopita ku Asia Central. Mfumu ya China nayenso analandira zokhudza zamalonda yabwino kwambiri. Ndiyeno amakhala maziko a silika Road.

Malonda ndi kuwombola ntchito pakati pa mizinda chapakati ku Asia, ndipo China malangizo makamaka mbiri Chinese ku 1. BC. e. 7-8 zaka. N. e. Magwero oyambirira kumuuza za nsembe donative anawalozera kwa nyumba yachifumu lachifumu la ku Central Asia dera.

Popeza zikuchitika kulimbitsa ubale ankadutsa China ndi pakati m'mizinda ya ku Asia pa nthawi. Chaka chilichonse Mapu anatenga katundu zosachepera zisanu kumadzulo, limodzi ndi mazana a asilikali. Ananyamula katundu zitsulo, silika. Anasinthanitsa kwa matanthwe, akavalo, yade, osiyanasiyana ku Central Asia katundu. Tikumbukenso kuti mankhwala China akhala mu ankafuna m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Wapadera silika nsalu anali mu mtengo ku Persia ndi mayiko, amene ali kumadzulo kwa izo.

16 m'ma ikusonyezedwa ndi ena kufooka ubale malonda a mizinda chapakati ku Asia, ndi China. Makamaka ichi chinali chifukwa cha kutsegula misewu nyanja, kuchuluka nkhondo mu anthu ang'onoang'ono, chotetana Mitsinje Zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anakula monga mgwirizano pakati pa limati mu Safavid Iran ndi ku Central ku Asia Sheibanids. Chifukwa, izo anayamba kufooka lakuthwa wa malonda apaulendo.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 chidwi cha Europe kucheza kwa Turkestan. Ngakhale Szolkowy Way wakhala nthano. Kachiwiri msewu uwu anatulukira mwangozi chifukwa cha mavuto ena andale.

Silika Road kafukufuku pansi zinayamba mu 1900. Komabe, pambuyo inayamba phunziro lonse unatha.