Olivier Levasseur - French Pirate. Nthano ya chuma ndi cryptogram Levasseur

About corsairs, achifwamba, freebooters, buccaneers ndi ena "njonda chuma" sunalembedwe wina ulendo buku ndi mafilimu zili. Waphimbika mu aura ya chikondi, ndi achifwamba wachikoka nthawi zambiri zitsanzo, ambiri a iwo ankati limodzi ndi achifwamba osati pa mtima wake, koma chifukwa cha mavuto.

Komabe, zinthu kuyang'ana si choncho wokongola mu moyo weniweniwo. M'mbiri ya mbiri, kuyambira nthawi makedzana, ndizodzazidwa ndi masamba wamagazi umbanda, ndi kulanda ndi akuba, chinivshihsya achifwamba. Amaro Pargo, Olivier Levasseur, Henry Morgan ndi ena ambiri wabweza n'ngwokayikitsa kutchuka, kubweretsa mantha amalinyero ndi midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

nsomba wakale

Nyanja kuba anaonekera pa chiyambi cha chitukuko pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha malonda. Malonda zombo, othodwa ndi katundu mtengo, koma bwino zida anakhala mosavuta achifwamba. Woyamba olembedwa kutchula achifwamba a kunayamba ku Igupto otchedwa Farao.

Kalelo achifwamba momasuka mafunde Adriatic, Aegean ndi Mediterranean nyanja. Greek mzinda-States, nthawi kulimbana ndi ulamuliro wawo, koma zotsatira chogwirika sanali kuzibweretsa izo. Mzembela anapitiriza adzafunkha zombo wamalonda ndi okwera ndi oyendetsa kugulitsa ku ukapolo.

Kenako Roma anali angathe kupewa kuba nyanja. Pompeyi mu I m'ma BC, anasonkhana zombo 500 ndi asilikali a anthu 120 zikwi kwa miyezi itatu adapereka Mediterranean achifwamba. Only ndi kugwa kwa Rome mu BC V m'ma mu izi nyanja kuba dera anayambanso kutsitsimutsa.

Nthawi ya atulukira Hrs

Pakutha Zapakati, ku Ulaya patsogolo kwambiri shipbuilding panyanja. Spanish ndi Chipwitikizi caravels anaphunzira kumanga - lalikulu, mkulu-liwiro ndi zombo kuwala angathe yopita ndi mphepo.

Kukula kwa mapu, pamodzi ndi ntchito kampasi, tsopano limachititsa kusambira mu nyanja, ndi sphericity a Dziko Lapansi kungoganizira anatipatsa chiyembekezo kukwaniritsa kum'mawa wolemera, ukupita kumadzulo. Zonsezi anakonza kwambiri atulukira lawolawo.

Kwa zaka mazana awiri, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XV. kutsiriza ndi zaka za m'ma XVII., panyanja European kufufuza zinthu zosadziwika pamaso m'nyanja, m'mayiko ndi zilumba. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi kupezedwa Hrs anali patsogolo, koma, pa dzanja linalo, linapereka kwa nkhondoyo asamadziimbe ndi mafunde kuposa kuba nyanja.

Ndi nthawi iyi kuti pakhale zinthu zikamera wa achifwamba amene maina sizinachitike kuiwalika. Makamaka, ngati iwo ali oyanjana ndi kufunafuna chuma chandalama. Mwachitsanzo, cryptogram Levasseur - mtsogoleri wa Zankhanza, chinali choyamba mu Caribbean, ndiyeno Indian Ocean, akhala sanathetsedwe lero.

mtchatho kuberana kwazaluso

Koyamba zingaoneke zodabwitsa kuti European monarchies okha kumlingo, chifukwa ntchito kochuruka kwa achifwamba amene kenako anamenya azitengapo. Komabe,.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain ndipo France mu zaka XVI-XVII. Iwo kupikisana kuti madera atsopano ndi ulamuliro malonda dziko. Pamtengo zimakuvutani anali kwambiri, mbali mwa iye scruples ananyalanyaza boma pamene zinafika kusankha njira.

Choncho panali privateering - mtchatho kuberana kwazaluso. eni luso loyamba la ngalawa zofunkha wamalonda mphamvu ya mdani amaitcha kuti zipani payekha yekha nyengo ya nkhondoyi. Komabe, m'gulu kukoma capers mofulumira palibe kusiya njira mosavuta yakuti atamaliza.

Malinga ndi malipoti ena, zatchulidwazi Olivier Levasseur anayamba ntchito yake privateer ndi katundu zombo Spanish mu Atlantic Ocean m'malo mwa boma la France. Komabe, posakhalitsa, ngati ambiri a comrades wake mu malonda, amakonda "ntchito" pa okha.

Kuberana kwazaluso mu Caribbean

Nyanja kuba wachita yofunika kwambiri mu kulamulira kwa America ndi ndondomeko ya wosazindikira kudzikundikira likulu ku Ulaya. Ambiri achifwamba ndipo privateers anali Dutch, French, Spanish, Chingelezi ndi Chipwitikizi.

Mu zaka za m'ma XVII. Iwo anayamba nthawi ukutchedwa ndi azambiriyakale golide zaka kuba nyanja. Adzakhala zaka pafupifupi 80., ndi m'bwalolo zikuluzikulu za ntchito a achifwamba mu Caribbean akhala kumene cruised Chombo golide, fodya, siliva, enaake, shuga ndi zinthu zina.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chomwecho pamene boma la atsamunda potsiriza anagawa muzochitika za mphamvu, anayamba ichitikire ndi kuthetsa kuba nyanja ku Caribbean. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a achifwamba, pakati pa iwo Olivier Levasseur, anasamukira ku mbali ina ya dziko lapansi ndi bwino kupitiriza nsomba zawo oletsedwa.

Man Popanda Zakale ndi

zolondola zokhudza chiyambi cha Levasseur sanakhale ndi moyo. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti linali banja mofanana Pol Levassor - wina Wakuba French ku Calais. Komabe, zopelekedwa umboni wa amanena si.

Palinso nkhambakamwa kuti Olivier anabadwa ndi Tortuga - zilumba mu Caribbean, kumene mu 40s wa atumwi XVII kazembe Fransua Levassor. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti anali a m'banja lapamwamba ku Conyer (Maine Dipatimenti).

N'chimodzimodzinso chaka cha kubadwa Olive Levassora. Tsiku lenileni silikudziwika. Ambiri mwina iye anabadwa pakati pa 1680 ndi 1690. Ndiyekhayo zokhudza nthawi Olivier Levasseur ankasakidwa mu Nyanja Caribbean, ndiyeno Indian Ocean, ndi "mbiri ya achifwamba wotchuka kwambiri," Charles Johnson, lofalitsidwa mu 1720

amakakamizidwa kusamuka

Pa nkhondo ya Spanish Kusinthana (1701-1714 gg.), The boma la Louis XIV mowolowa manja anagawira eni luso privateers agwidwa zombo mu Atlantic Ocean. Komabe, pambuyo pa mapeto a France limodzi ndi Mgwirizano wa mayiko a ku Ulaya kukhazikitsa kuti kuthetseratu kuberana kwazaluso m'chigawochi.

Amadziwika kuti 1716 Levasseur, dzina La Buse analamulira adalira 70 achifwamba. Ikuthamanga mu Caribbean, iwo bwinobwino talandidwa ndi Dutch, Spanish ndi British zombo ulendo wawo ku Ulaya kapena America.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Bahamas anakumana atsogoleri Pirate, kumene ambiri anakuvoterani kuti amapita ku malo otetezeka, ngati ntchito yochotsa kuba nyanja kunakopa. Pakati pa anthu amene asankha amasamukira, ndipo anali Wakuba Olivier Levasseur.

Mu madzi a m'nyanja ya Indian Ocean

Africa West wakhala pamalo pamene ankasakidwa kuba mu 1718-1719 gg. pamodzi ndi akapitawo Coquelin ndi Davis. Akuzitora zombo osachepera 15 pakamwa pa mtsinje wa Sierra Leone, adagawana. Pa nthawi iyi, French Wakuba ndi gulu lake analowa Indian Ocean kudzera Cape of Good Hope.

M'chaka cha 1720 mmodzi wa Comoros chombo linasweka Levasseur. gulu lake anatola England ndi Taylor - akapitawo awiri a zombo Pirate. Posachedwa England unachotsedwa ndipo anafika pa chilumba cha Mauritius, ndipo m'malo mwake anasankhidwa Levasseur.

Pamodzi ndi Taylor, iwo anagwira woyamba awiri chotengera Arab, ndiyeno kutsegula kwa squadron British, amene anali a East India Company. M'zigawo anali wamkulu ndipo anamuchotsa wa achifwamba yopindulitsa amalonda Dutch mu mzinda India Cochin. Kuchokera kumeneko anatembenuka motsogozedwa Mauritius.

mpikisano lowoneka

Restock chakudya akukonza zombo, ndi Levasseur Taylor walunjika Madagascar. Pa njira zawo kugona Reunion Island, anaitana Bourbon. Mzembela anamuyandikira 8 April 1721 ndipo anapeza m'misewu ya sitima Chipwitikizi, wapabanja mkuntho.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zimene zinachitika pambuyo angapezeke mu miyala ya mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, chifukwa nyama anagwidwa ndi gulu la achifwamba, ndi chimodzi cha yaikulu mu mbiri ya kuberana kwazaluso.

Mkati mwa Chipwitikizi flagship chombo anali Bishopu wamkulu ndi Viceroy wa Goa, koma ambiri Chofunika - daimondi phiri, zodzikongoletsera, nsalu mtengo, mipando, siliva ndi golide bullion, ziwiya, miyambo zinthu, ndalama etc. mbiri yakale amanena kuti mtengo wa diamondi yekha. lero kusinthitsa ndalama zimasiyanasiyana madola 3 ndi 4 miliyoni.

njakata

Zofunkha zinachitika mu Madagascar. Aliyense analandira 42 diamondi ndi mapaundi 4000. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII - zinali zodabwitsa chuma kuti analola moyo wabwino ku Europe.

Komabe achifwamba ndipo sanaganize kuti asiye malonda opindulitsa. Amadziwika kuti 1722, anatayira sitima Arab, paulendo wopita ku China kuti mankhwala, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Madagascar kuti Delagoa Bay (Africa East). Local Dutch asilikali osati anakana achifwamba, komanso mu utumiki adachimanga pawo.

A ochepa miyezi achifwamba anatenga kukonza Sitima nkuganiza chochita lotsatira: kubwerera ku Caribbean kapena kukhala mu Indian Ocean. Pomaliza, Taylor anapita West Indies, ndi Levasseur ndi gulu la anthu 250 anapita kulanda zombo wamalonda gombe la Africa East mpaka chombo wake, atakhala pa gombe, osati inaonongeka. Kuyambira pamenepo, Levasseur anakakhala Madagascar.

Kutha kwa ntchito

Reunion Island mu 1642 anakhala French njuchi. Madagascar ndi ankasiyana makilomita 700 okha. Mu 1724 mkulu wa chisumbucho analonjeza Levasseur ndi zigawenga wake Amnesty ngati aswa ndi kuberana kwazaluso ndi kusamukira Reunion. Pofuna panali pang'ono. Ambiri, kuphatikizapo La Buzás anakana.

Patapita zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi iwo anapitiriza kupeza munthu mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean, kupanga maziko ake chilumba ka Sainte Marie. Mu 1730 mkulu wa French ngalawa "Medusa" chinyengo analanda Levasseur analanda anabweretsa unyolo Reunión. Apa Wakuba anaonekera pamaso pa bwalo, amene analamula kuti apachikidwe.

Panali mphekesera zoti, kuti chimodzi cha ziwalo za Council, amene analamulira chilumba, makamaka mwachangu anamenyana pa adani ndi chilango cha La Buzás ngati anafuna kulanda chuma chake. Ngati izi n'zoona, nthawi zambiri anali anadabwa atamva zoti ndi zimene zinachitika.

Chinsinsi cha chuma

kuphedwa unachitika mu July 1730 pa lalikulu waukulu wa Saint-Paul, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo likulu la chilumbachi. Musanayambe phiri scaffold, ndi Pirate anaponya mu khamulo pepala, kunena kuti imakhoza chuma kwa aliyense amene angathe kumvetsa m'bukuli.

Okayikira amakhulupirira kuti nkhani ya nthano. Komabe, kulidi ndi cryptogram. Ndipo pafupifupi zaka chuma Olive Levassora anapitiriza zikuvutitsa maganizo a alenje ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa kukula kwa nyama anagwidwa ndi achifwamba pa Chipwitikizi mu 1721 Koma izo zinali chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa mu ntchito ya La Buzás.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma chuma Olive Levassora pitirizani kufunafuna m'masiku athu pa zilumba ya Indian Ocean, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Madagascar. Komabe, mpaka palibe wina ali ndi ufulu decrypt ndi cryptogram kuchenjerera Pirate. Choncho, mbiri ya chuma cha La Buzás mfundo anapereka oyambirira.