The kukonza nkhani "Priemysh". DN Mamin-Siberia, "Priemysh": Mwachidule

Ntchito za mabuku Russian n'zosavuta kwambiri kuti osokonezeka: kuchuluka kwa mabuku olembedwa ndi alembi ndi akhoza kupanga chisokonezo mu maganizo a akulu unshod mu funso, kotero, ndithudi, ndi ana aang'ono. Popewa izi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ntchito ya kumapeto yolemba mapulani capacious kuti akukumbutsani schematically pa mfundo zazikulu za nkhani. M'nkhaniyi, ife azipereka dongosolo nkhani "Priomysh".

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga wolemba

The kukonza nkhani "Priemysh" angathe sudzaperekedwa popanda mfundo ndi kufotokoza mmene moyo wa Mlengi wake. Chifukwa Mamin-Siberia analenga mankhwala ofanana? Kodi umagwirizana bwanji ndi mbiri yake?

mfundo ndi yakuti, anabadwa mu November 1852 m'mudzi ndi chidwi dzina Shaitan-kudalira kuti chigawo Perm (tsopano Visim Sverdlovsk dera), wotchedwa Dmitry Narkisovich, mwana wa wansembe anachita chidwi mu mabuku kuyambira ndili wamng'ono. Poyamba, kenako njira wauzimu, wamng'ono anga, pambuyo kuphunzitsa Yekaterinburg sukulu achipembedzo (1866) ndi Perm Theological Seminary anazindikira kuti mpingo alibe zambiri zofanana. Maphunzilo ku sukulu otsiriza ndipo anatsegula talente zolembalemba; n'kumene anakhala asiye maganizo a Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky ndipo anayamba kuyesa yekha mu kulemba ngakhale nthawi imeneyo akadali wofooka kwambiri, komabe popanda nkhani chidwi.

mitundu chuma

Komabe, kodi mtengo wa mbiri cholembedwa ndi dongosolo nkhani "Priomysh"? Adakali kwenikweni lakutali kwambiri. Pambuyo moyo wolemba mwadzidzidzi anasintha vekitala ake, ndipo iye anasankha mokomera chitukuko zawo malangizo ena, monga ngati tsoka yokha ayamba kumanga naye nkhuni zambiri mawilo.

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku seminare mu 1871, wotchedwa Dmitry anapita ku St. Petersburg, kumene analembetsa woyamba pa owona zanyama, ndiyeno pa dipatimenti yoona zachipatala ya Medical-Zopangira Academy, ndiye - ndi luso lachibadwa wa St. Petersburg University, amene pambuyo 2 chamagulu umasamutsidwa ku ntchito malamulo. Komabe, apa tsogolo la wolemba wotchuka anayamba mavuto aakulu anadzifula okha anamva mavuto chuma, kudwala, ndi ngakhale chitukuko cha TB.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1877, wotchedwa Dmitry anabwerera Urals lakwawo, komwe ndi nthawi imeneyi bambo ake anamwalira. Kusamalira abale ndi alongo amene akufuna kuphunzira, wonyamulidwa ndi wolemba. Nthawi imeneyi, atasamukira Yekaterinburg, wolemba mwakhama kuphunzira mbiri, zachuma ndi chikhalidwe lapadera Ural. Kuwonjezera chidwi kwa anthu a nkhalango ndi minda, iye anakhala bwino okhala m'midzi ndi m'matauni. Ndi izi 2 dziko, ndipo zimaonekera ntchito tsogolo la wolemba ndipo adzakhala yogwirizana ulusi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zidzawululidwa mu mndandanda wa essays "Kuchokera Urals kwa Moscow." Panthawi imeneyi, wobadwa Mamin afika Mamin-Siberia; iye anatenga lowani nkhani zawo ndi chizolowezi pseudonym ndi "D. Siberia "ndipo monga limodzi ndi makolo dzina lotsiriza ndi dzina zolembalemba. Mu Yekaterinburg, mlembi komanso anakumana mkazi wake woyamba, Mariey Alekseevoy.

Zilandiridwenso pakati mavuto

Mu 1890 wotchedwa Dmitry Narkisovich linatha mkazi wake woyamba ndipo anagwirizana mfundo kachiwiri ndi osiyana osankhidwa -proslavlennoy lina wojambula Yekaterinburg Drama Theatre M. Abramova. Banjali linasamukira ku St. Petersburg.

Tsopano tafika ku kufunika, mwa mawu a kukafola ndale nkhani "Priemysh" gawo timayamba kulankhula zimene sizingatheke popanda kufotokoza zimene mavuto Mamin-Siberia wakhala moyo wake wonse. Chaka mkazi wa ukwati wokondedwa wolemba anafa pa kubadwa kovuta, kusiya manja mwamuna wake wamkazi akudwala Alena. Zimenezi zinali mantha weniweni wolemba, umboni ndi makalata wake ndi anzathu ndi mabanja.

Kodi potulukira wotchedwa Dmitry Narkisovich? Education ndi kusamalira mwana wake, pamodzi ndi ntchito, amene wakhala kuchuluka zipatso. Panali mndandanda wa ana mabuku "Alenushkiny nkhani", amene anabwera pansi review ndi m'nkhani ino, "Priomysh". Mamin-Siberia modekha ankakhala St. Petersburg mpaka 1900, anapitiriza kulemba mwana wanga wamkazi ndi inemwini, olengedwa mwa zinthu zina zazikulu buku "Mkate" ndi mabuku awiri "The nkhani Ural". Komabe, TB pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutenga muyezo wake. Mu November, wotchedwa Dmitry Narkisovich anafa, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri zokha wafa ndi mwana wake Alena, amene kuwonjezera nkhani zina zambiri zabwino anadzipereka nkhani yake "Priomysh" Mamin-Siberia.

chidule

Kodi kupanga mankhwala kusanthula dongosolo pa? Pambuyo ndemanga ya Paulo mwachidule ndi zochuluka, monga mlandu wathu, mbiri ndi mbiri yakale, ayenera bwezerani pa mphindi kiyi wa mbiri, kuti ndi kutembenukira kwa Chidule chake Executive. Mutu wa "Priomysha" Mamin-Sibiryak - ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi chirengedwe, kaphatikizidwe awo indissoluble. Izi Tingaone woyamba ndi mzere womalizira: amatsegula Nkhani Zomwe zinachitika ya mlenje amabwera kudzacheza mnzake, kopanda asodzi akale moyo pa nyanja mu mtunda kuchokera mokhala ena. owerenga akungoyang'ana ngati owerenga-mlenje wakumana ndi galu Sobolkov; patapita kanthawi ngalawa matanga ndi mwini otchedwa Taras, makonda kutsogolo kwa tsekwe woyera. Msodzi magawo ndi mnzake: Makolo a mbalame wamng'ono kuphedwa chifukwa cha kutonza, Choncho, ndiye - wamasiye, Priomysh, ndi malila, kupatula Taras, palibe.

owerenga kenako anafotokoza mmene agogo ake womangidwa wokongola, akuluakulu mbalame. Akulambira pa moyo wake, choncho m'gulu akukana kutengulira "pyakulengwa pya Mulungu" mapiko kuti amange naye mpaka muyaya chilindo cha. Kumene, Taras Musanyengedwe; amaganiza kuti tsekwe adzakhala ndi Iye mpaka muyaya, pamene mbalame, pambuyo mukukayikira yaitali, komabe yakuuluka climes otentha ndi Anzawo mbadwa. wowerenga izi amaona kodi chaka chotsatira mwa maso a wokasaka, msodzi kachiwiri zinthu chilindo cha. Choncho, dongosolo zojambula za nkhani ya mudzangokhala zotsatirazi 4 zinthu:

1. Maonekedwe a tsekwe mu moyo wa Taras.
2. Ubwenzi Sobolkov Ndipo Anamulera Child.
3. Tsekwe ndi gulu la anzawo.
4. Kulekana ndi Mpulumutsi.

Tingamasulire vuto ndi lingaliro

Ngati mutu ndi lomveka bwino, ndipo zithunzi chinsinsi anapereka, ndi nthawi kusinthana kwa magulu ena amene zogwirizana ndi kusanthula mankhwala. Tikuona vuto, ndilo chinyezimiro cha kusungulumwa anthu. Taras akanakhoza kupita kwa anthu ndi kuchotsa kukumbukira wa Priomyshe, koma iye sachita izo, chifukwa kugwirizana ndi zachilengedwe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuposa kugwirizana kwa dziko la anthu ndi wosamvetsetseka, koma zabwino ndi oyera chifaniziro cha choyamba ndi okwera mtengo kusiyana falseness ndi artificiality chachiwiri. nkhani lingaliro ndi kupanga motsindika lingaliro la moyandikana ndi chilengedwe wa anthu danga; ngakhale ufulu wachikondi wake oimira anthu osankhidwa mtundu ndi wachikondi, koma anthu, malo lotseguka, zigwa, nkhalango ndi minda, muyenera kukhala okwiya ndi chikhalidwe ndi kutemberera iye, chifukwa cha ufulu iye ndi wokongola.

Analysis pathos ndi zikuchokera monga kuvomerezedwa zikuluzikulu ntchito dongosolo

The pathos zoopsa, kuti akazipereka ntchito kamvekedwe, makamaka unaululidwa mu chimake cha nkhani, kuti ndi mfundo za chisamaliro Priomysha ndi gulu la swans zina, koma dreary chikhalidwe cha chisoni agona mu chiwembu lonse la nsalu za chilengedwe. Ife tikuziwona izo mu mkangano chobisika chikuchitika mu moyo Msodzi. Taras mkati mavuto yekha, chifukwa iye anali kwambiri Ufumuyo kwa mbalame, koma Komabe, ngati munthu ozindikira nthawi zonse zamveka - izo kuti zipite posachedwa kapena mtsogolo.

The zikuchokera chipatso "Priemysh" Mamin-Siberia, lingaliro waukulu umene uli kufunika ikuyendera ndi mwina patsogolo maganizo, koma kuthandizidwa ubwenzi pakati pa mwamuna ndi nthumwi ya dziko wapadera achilengedwe, ndi yosavuta. Amakhala mbali 6:

• oyamba, pamene maso a mbuye-mlenje anafotokoza adakhala nsodzi kumveka ndi banja lake;
• padzuwa, imene owerenga akungoyang'ana monga munthu wachikulire akuyangana pa kanyumba uplyvshego tsekwe;
• gawo lalikulu, limene limafotokoza moyo pamodzi ndi banja lawo, ndi Taras, ndi Sobolkov Anamulera Child;
• chimake, kale pamwambapa;
• yakumapeto, imene msodzi lagawidwa ndi mwini nkhani ya kuchoka kwa tsekwe ndi kutsanzikana naye;
• epilogue, limene limafotokoza akuvutika nkhalamba mmene angamachite.

njira zofunika chokongoletsera

Mwa njira zikuluzikulu monga chithunzi makhalidwe a anthu ndiponso anthu otchuka a fano mu ntchito ndi ntchito. Yadzaoneni chifanizo cha Taras makamaka kwambiri kudzera mwa Nkhani munthu pamene cholinga si kwambiri mu chifanizo cha zochititsa Link (wamtali, ndi ndevu Kasungu imvi ndi maso imvi) kapena makhalidwe khalidwe (aulemu, achikondi, odzichepetsa, mtundu), koma mmene izo kumaonekera kulemekeza onse omuzungulira.

Rybak anali woganizira nyama, mwachikondi, ngati munthu analankhula za "wochenjera mbalame", ndipo ambiri kulemekeza malamulo a nkhalango, nyanja, mitsinje, minda, popeza iye weniweni malo ochezera, amene nthawi zonse alumikizirana. Ndipo zonse izi - ndi proviso kuti Taras, amene sanathe ndendende pamene iye anabadwa, komabe ananena kuti anaona zambiri za French nkhondo ya 1812. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, malinga ndi chronotope munkhaniyi (kaphatikizidwe wa makhalidwe kanthawi ndi okhudza malo), iye anali usinkhu wa zaka 90!

Owerenga ubale kwa Taras

Imodzi mwa mfundo yomaliza ya dongosolo kungakhale kusinkhasinkha za mmene kuyang'ana mwini nsodzi. Kudzera alenje maganizo kunachokera ndi unsembe wa wolemba: ndi mu mphamvu yosavuta koma zoona miyambo ndi mfundo zawo za anthu anaona ndi galimoto za moyo uno. Osati msaki kanthu munthu wakale monga "wabwino, anzeru," ambiri wodziwa ndi chidwi kuuza nkhani zosiyanasiyana munthu. Pali maganizo abwino kwambiri kwa mbali yaikulu munthu amene Ngodziwa ndi owerenga.

maganizo omwe

Nkhani amapatsa yankho ku funso la mmene kupanga dongosolo. Ngati cholinga cha kukonzekera - izo zina kulemba nkhani kapena yankho mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye kutsiriza ntchito kungakhale maganizo pang'ono. "Priomysh sanabwerere kwa Taras, ndipo, ngakhale kuti munthu wakale kenako amakhala chisoni, onse chimodzimodzi inu mukudziwa: poyamba anapanga chisankho chokha. Iye sanali kudziwa ngati kuti Mbalame ya Chinsansa - ufulu monga mbalame, zimene ziyenera kukhala banja lake? Koma msodzi akadali kuwathandiza pamene ankafunika izo, ndiyeno n'zometa m'mapiko ake, kupereka ufulu wosankha ndi chifukwa cha kunyada ndi ulemu "- ndi chitsanzo cha mmene kumaliza kusanthula nkhaniyo.