The mitundu yabwino ya mapeyala mu Belarus: Review, ulimi, regionalization

Udindo Hrs wa dziko sangatengedwe kukhala abwino kulima minda Mfumukazi - mapeyala. Obereketsa ntchito kusintha zomera alipo ndi kuswana latsopano. Zosiyanasiyana mapeyala mu Belarus, monga, ndithudi, kwina kulikonse, amasiyana yakucha, khalidwe zipatso ndi makhalidwe ena. Magawidwe limakupatsani kukwaniritsa zokolola bwino mu dera.

peyala

Kutchulidwa kwa peyala angapezeke mu mbiri yakale Russian chojambulidwa cha m'ma akhumi. Masiku ano, padziko lonse amalimidwa zikwi mitundu ya mtengo zipatso. Aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake chibadidwe, amene amayamba ndi mtunda makhalidwe, nyengo, nthaka, mpweya. Thermophilic peyala - mfundo odziwika Komabe, obereketsa zinatha kubwera zosiyanasiyana, mwangwiro Anapitirizabe ndi m'madera ozizira.

Zina zosiyanasiyana mapeyala mu Belarus (ndemanga cottagers ndi wamaluwa kutsimikizira izo), zoned kwa malo enieni a dziko, kupereka zokolola kwambiri. zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma ndi nthawi kuti zipse, ndipo eni olimbikitsa a minda pa sabata yatha wa July ndi mapeto a November.

Mapeyala mu Belarus

Pa zaka 20 zapitazi, mitundu yabwino ya mapeyala kwa Belarus anali kudzipatula obereketsa a mabungwe sayansi. Mwa iwo, Institute Onse-Russian Research a horticulture (Michurinsk), Institute of horticulture, TAA Research Chibelarusi. Panopa, ambiri mitundu zilipo wamaluwa bwinobwino anayesedwa ndi akulimbikitsidwa kulima mu zikhalidwe nyengo ya dziko.

Otchuka kwambiri monga:

1. oyambirira chilimwe:

• Lipno.
• Lada.
• August mame.
• Skorospelka wa Michurinsk.

2. chilimwe:

• Chizhovski.
• Rogneda.
• Duhmjanyj.
• Lagodnaya.

3. Yophukira:

• Zapamwamba Efimova.
• Memory Zhegalova.
• Caramel.

4. Zima

• Chibelarusi ina.
• Phunziro Kiev.
• Chikigizi yozizira.
• The November.

Mitengo imeneyi ndi bwino ndinazolowera nyengo ya dziko, kupatula atengeke matenda kuposa zosiyanasiyana achikulire - Bessemyanka kapena Tonkovetka. Popularity mapeyala pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuwonjezeka, ngakhale kusowa mfundo za zipambano za zochitika zamakono kuswana. Osati alimi onse amadziwa zosintha, si nthawi zonse ayenera kugula zipangizo chodzala. Osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana zomera, mukhoza kusankha kalasi yoyenera m'dera lanu. Zokolola, kukana matenda ndipo anatengera wabwino kwa zinthu kunja kulola ife kulankhula osati za ulimi zofufuzafufuza, komanso minda malonda tsamba mu kumpoto a Belarus.

Gawo

Asayansi m'kagulu mapeyala pa malo angapo. Kumasulira:

1. Kagwiritsidwe:

• kukongoletsa - abwino m'mapaki malo ndi minda, zipatso si edible, koma maonekedwe pakugunda masamba kukongola;
• zipatso, nayenso akhoza kukhala:

• luso - ntchito mu adzasowa chakudya kwa processing;
• Zakudya mchere kapena - ankadya mwatsopano;
• mosalekeza - oyenera processing, ndi kudya mwatsopano.

2. Nthawi ya kusasitsa:

• yotentha kapena oyambirira - kukolola mochedwa July - oyambirira August;
• yophukira kapena m'ma - zokolola September ndi October;
• yozizira kapena mochedwa - zipatso kufika kukhwima zochotseka m'ma m'dzinja.

3. zipatso kukula:

• lalikulu-fruited - magalamu 200-500 kapena zambiri;
• Middle - 80-200 magalamu;
• ang'ono-fruited - magalamu 30-80;

4. digiri ya hardiness:

• Hardy amaundana ngakhale pa kutentha -30-35 ⁰ C;
• osati Hardy;

5. Kukumana wosabadwa:

• wokoma;
• lokoma ndi wowawasa;
• tart-owawa (kukoma ndi anagula kwa okhutira mkulu wa tannins zipatso peel).

6. njira kubereketsa zomera:

• samoplodnye - nthawi zonse kupereka zokolola khola;
• musalankhule mungu - iwo akusowa pollinator mitundu yeniyeni.

zomangamanga ulimi

Nakulitsa mitundu ya mapeyala mu Belarus amafuna chisamaliro chimodzimodzi monga mitengo mwakula mu mabacteria osiyana nyengo. zipangizo za ulimi zikuphatikizapo mfundo zingapo:

1. Tikufika. The bwino nthaka - loam ndi dongo dothi ndi pansi kwambiri. Wowawasa laimu. Malo osankhidwa ndi dzuwa ndi windless. Akatswiri amavomereza kubzala masika, koma amalangiza kugwa - mapeto a September.

2. Kudyetsa. Dzenje kubzala wapangidwa 10 makilogalamu humus manyowa (manyowa mungathe) magalamu 50 magalamu 30 a mchere superphosphate potaziyamu. Zaka zinayi pansi pa mtengo ndi kupanga asafe feteleza kamodzi nyengo anawonjezera potashi fetereza. Kuyambira m'chaka chachisanu cha feteleza onse ophatikizidwa mu grooves anakumba kuzungulira periphery korona.

3. Kuthirira. zomera achinyamata madzi kamodzi pa sabata, ndowa imodzi yokha. Mu otentha kouma ndi wabwinobwino madzi pafupipafupi ndi kuchuluka.

4. kokha korona. Iwo ikuchitika mu kasupe ndi autumn, kuchotsedwa kufanana ndi nthambi kukula kwambiri, kufupikitsa nthawi yaitali. Places magawo kukonzedwa munda phula kapena makala opera.

Komanso, ntchito anachitika chofunika kupewa matenda, kudulira thanzi, mankhwala nthaka, kutchinjiriza (ngati n'koyenera).

mitundu anamasulidwa

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala mwakula Belarus m'minda ambiri panyumba minda malonda. The magawidwe gome ndi anthu otchuka.

chilimwe

Chilimwe peyala mitundu mu Belarus, ndi okhazikika bwino ku dziko - ndi:

1. Duchesse chaka. Monga pafupifupi onse mitundu oyambirira mapeyala mu Belarus apereka yambiri yokolola mu August. Zipatso kulemera - mpaka magalamu 80, kukoma ndi fungo, zofewa bwino anasunga, osati masabata oposa awiri. thupi ndi zabwino-grained, yowutsa mudyo, peel Mat kuunika chikasu. Fruiting umayamba zaka 7-8, kuti amalola chisanu kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo.

2. zapamwamba Efimova. Bwaloli yotentha ndi mochedwa mitundu ya mapeyala mu Belarus. Zotsatira kudutsa ankakonda Clapp ndi Tonkovetki. Zipatso pa chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu, kupereka khola mkulu zokolola mu September oyambirira. Zipatso masekeli mpaka magalamu 120, enaake achikasu. Ambiri mapeyala yokutidwa ndi mdima wofiira manyazi. thupi ndi wowawasa-lokoma, pang'ono tart, sing'anga yowutsa mudyo, choyera. Kusungidwa kwa masabata awiri. Mitengo bwino kupirira frosts ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo.

m'dzinja

Nyundo zosiyanasiyana mapeyala mu Belarus (chithunzi zipatso akhoza onani pansipa) kupereka zokolola kuyambira chiyambi cha September kwa November. Iwo yabwino kusungidwa poyerekeza ndi chilimwe. Collection ikuchitika mofulumira (zosaposa 6-7 masiku), asanakhale maonekedwe zooneka ndi kukoma. mitundu Common:

1. Chizhovski. Imabala zipatso kwa zaka 3-4, amakhala ndi mkulu zokolola. Zipatso kulemera - magalamu 140. The peel ndi yosalala Mat, wachikasu, pali manyazi yaing'ono. Kukoma kwa peyala wowawasa-lokoma zamkati ndi chikasu kapena oyera, sing'anga juiciness. Kukolola mochedwa August, ndi kusungidwa mpaka miyezi 3. Kalasi chimapirira nyengo siili, chisanu.

2. Mwachidule Maria. Fruiting akuyamba m'chaka chachitatu, zokolola khola. Large, masekeli mpaka magalamu 190 ndi zipatso wosakhwima wochuluka thupi. The peel ndi kuwala chikasu ndi pang'ono pinki manyazi. Kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, chisanu si mantha. Kukolola mu kugwa, chipatso akhoza kusungidwa mpaka November.

Zima

Zima peyala mitundu mu Belarus ndi otchuka ndi wamaluwa ankachita masewera. A amadziwika mitundu ngati zipatso ndi kusunga kwawo khalidwe (akhoza kusungidwa mpaka masika). Zipatso kuyesera kuwasonkhanitsa m'ma zotheka, nthawi yomweyo kuteteza iwo kuchokera fraying. Pali mitundu ingapo bwino ndinazolowera nyengo za dziko:

1. Chikigizi yozizira. Kamakupatsani khola mkulu zokolola pa 6-7 chaka. Mapeyala anayamba kusonkhanitsa mu sabata loyamba October, komabe wobiriwira, ndi zowawa za pinki manyazi. Kulemera ndi 250 magalamu. Full kusasitsa ndi mu December, khungu amakhala achikasu, ndi magenta mtundu amakhala. zipatso ndi kukoma kwambiri, fungo lokondweretsa, thupi ndi zoyera ndi yowutsa mudyo. Kalasi bwinobwino kulekerera frosts ndi chilala, kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo.

2. Chibelarusi ina. Chimakwirira zipatso mu chaka 5. Zokolola pazipita makilogalamu mpaka 90 pa mtengo, kupereka chaka cha 10. Zipatso masekeli avareji magalamu 100, wokoma ndi sourness zotsitsimutsa. thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, choyera, pang'ono wochuluka. Oyenera ntchito kwa October kwa February. Kungapitirire mpaka May (mu coolers). Peel kuzimiririka, zamwano, lalanje-chikasu, nthawi zina anali kuphimba rasipiberi zofiira. Ozizira zosagwira zosiyanasiyana, si akhudzidwa nkhanambo, m'madera chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa dzikoli.

mitundu yatsopano

Popular ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mapeyala mu Belarus pang'onopang'ono kutaya kukana awo matenda. Bere Slutskaya, wochuluka, Belarus patapita zaka ndi mvula ndipo ozizira m'chilimwe massively akhudzidwa nkhanambo. Asayansi kufunafuna osati kubweretsa mitundu yatsopano, komanso kuti azolowere anthu wogwila mikhalidwe nyengo ya dziko. Memory Yakovlev Chizhovski, Severyanka tikuuzidwa mitundu.

Mu 2005, latsopano "peyala anthu" a Belarus anawonjezera kuti:

1. Lagodnaya - wosakanizidwa 81-13 / 64. The periodicity wa mbewu mu chaka 4. Zipatso kulemera magalamu 150 kucha mochedwa August, zamkati ndi yowutsa mudyo, wokoma ndi wowawasa, coarse, ndi zosangalatsa fungo lokoma. The peel ndi wobiriwira ndi madontho ambiri imvi. Kukolola mochedwa August, ndi kusungidwa mpaka masabata 3.

2. Kokasangalala - mmera 5/20. mitengo ya zipatso zaka 5-6, zokolola khola ndithu, kumawonjezera ndi zaka. Zipatso kulemera magalamu 120, khungu akhakula, chonyezimira, pamene kuwombera mu theka lachiwiri la September enaake achikasu pambuyo kucha (pambuyo masabata 3) - golide chikasu. thupi ndi wachifundo, lokoma wowawasa, onunkhira.

zokolola

Chibelarusi Institute of horticulture Research amapereka mitundu ya maapulo ndi mapeyala mu Belarus kuti bwino akwaniritsa zofunikira za alimi ndi adzasowa chakudya. Pa ntchito (kuyambira 1925), akatswiri afufuza zitsanzo zoposa 1,000 mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Asankhidwa ndi akulimbikitsidwa magawidwe mapeyala kubala mbewu yabwino. Lembani anali 2006-2007 ndi 2009-2010, pamene zokolola aakulu anafika matani 61,000.

ntchito

Mapeyala ntchito makamaka mwatsopano. Zipatso wolemera mu mavitamini ndi mchere. Madokotala amalangiza ngati chopangidwa zakudya ndi okhutira otsika wa zopatsa mphamvu ndi shuga. Wofululidwa kwa compotes chipatso, sachedwa chifukwa, sachedwa chifukwa, zipatso zouma kukolola. Iwo kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito pophikira peyala ndi. Ndipo si monga ndiwo zochuluka mchere - zipatso zitayenda bwino ndi mankhwala nyama.

Wood ali wapadera khalidwe - izo mwamtheradi si nkhani kwa mapindikidwe. Mapulani ntchito wolamulira zopangidwa peyala mitengo. Nyumba yabwino yokongola ndi zokhomakhoma za kukonzedwa wakuda othimbirira peyala mitengo, zikuwoneka mtengo, monga ngati kuchokera ebone.